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Time-Based Prospective Memory Predicts Engagement in Risk Behaviors Among Substance Users: Results From Clinical and Nonclinical Samples

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2013

Michael Weinborn ,
Jonson Moyle ,
Romola S. Bucks ,
Werner Stritzke ,
Angela Leighton  and
Steven Paul Woods
Michael Weinborn*
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
Jonson Moyle
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia Next Step Drug and Alcohol Service, Perth, Western Australia
Romola S. Bucks
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
Werner Stritzke
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
Angela Leighton
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia Centre for Forensic Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
Steven Paul Woods
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Michael Weinborn, School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia (M304), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia. E-mail: michael.weinborn@uwa.edu.au
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Abstract

Deficits in prospective memory (PM; i.e., enacting previously learned actions at the right occasion) and risky decision-making (i.e., making choices with a high chance of undesirable/dangerous outcomes) are both common among individuals with substance use disorders (SUD). Previous research has raised the possibility of a specific relationship between PM and risk-taking, and the present study aimed to systematically study if PM provides unique variance in the prediction of risky decision-making. Two samples were included: (1) a group of 45 individuals with SUD currently in treatment, and (2) a nonclinical group of 59 university students with high-risk drinking and/or substance use. Regression analyses indicated that time-based, but not event-based, PM predicted increased risky behavior (e.g., risky sexual practices and criminal behaviors) in both groups after controlling for demographic, psychiatric, and substance use variables, as well as other neuropsychological functions. The current findings contribute to the growing literature supporting the role of PM as a predictor of everyday functioning, and suggest that cognitive rehabilitation may be an important avenue of research as an adjunct to traditional substance use treatment, particularly in addressing the potential adverse effects of PM deficits in the implementation of treatment-related homework activities and risk management strategies. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–11)

Keywords

Prospective memoryRisky behaviorRisky decision-makingSubstance abuseEpisodic memoryExecutive functionsCognition
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , March 2013 , pp. 284 - 294
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2013

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