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The irrationality of e4: a simple proof

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2016

Michael Eastham*
Affiliation:
Dept of Computer Science, Cardiff University, P.O. Box 916, Cardiff CF24 3XF

Extract

The well-known simple proof that the number e is irrational consists of writing e as its exponential series, multiplying by a suitable factorial, r!, and deriving the contradiction that, if e were rational, there would be an integer lying strictly between 0 and 1. This proof is referred to as a ‘trick’ in the recent highly acclaimed book Proofs from THE BOOK [1, p. 27], where the surprising statement is made that ‘This trick … isn’t even good enough to prove that e2 is irrational’. In this article we show that there are nevertheless two similar simple proofs that e2 is irrational. The first proof is in fact well known [2, p. 12]. The second, though elementary, is less obvious and certainly not well known but, together with the idea in the first proof, it implies the even stronger property that e4 is irrational.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Mathematical Association 2004

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References

1. Aigner, M. and Ziegler, G. M., Proofs from THE BOOK (2nd edn), Springer-Verlag (2001).Google Scholar
2. Niven, I., Irrational numbers, Mathematical Association of America (1967).Google Scholar
3. Rose, H. E., A course in number theory, Clarendon Press (Oxford) (1988).Google Scholar
4. Conway, J. H. and Guy, R. K., The book of numbers, Springer-Verlag (1996).Google Scholar