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Carbon incorporation in plumbogummite-group minerals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

I. E. Grey ,
F. L. Shanks ,
N. C. Wilson ,
W. G. Mumme  and
W. D. Birch
I. E. Grey*
Affiliation:
CSIRO Process Science and Technology, Box 312, Clayton South, Victoria, 3169, Australia
F. L. Shanks
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
N. C. Wilson
Affiliation:
CSIRO Process Science and Technology, Box 312, Clayton South, Victoria, 3169, Australia
W. G. Mumme
Affiliation:
CSIRO Process Science and Technology, Box 312, Clayton South, Victoria, 3169, Australia
W. D. Birch
Affiliation:
Geosciences Section, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
*
*E-mail: ian.grey@csiro.au
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Abstract

Non-stoichiometric, carbon-containing crandallite from Guatemala and plumbogummite from Cumbria have been characterized using electron microprobe (EMPA) and wet-chemical analyses, Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns, and infrared (IR), Raman and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopies. The samples contain 11.0 and 4.8 wt.% CO2, respectively. The IR spectra for both samples show a doublet in the range 1410–1470 cm–1, corresponding to CO3 vibrations. Direct confirmation of CO3 replacing PO4 was obtained from difference Fourier maps in the Rietveld analysis. Carbonate accounts for 67% of the C in the plumbogummite and 20% of the C in the Guatemalan crandallite, the remainder being present as nano-scale organic carbon. The CO3 substitution for PO4 is manifested in a large contraction of the tetrahedral volume (14–19%) and by a contraction of the a axis, analogous to observations for carbonate-containing fluorapatites. Stoichiometric crandallite from Utah was characterized using the same methods, for comparison with the non-stoichiometric, carbon-bearing phases.

Keywords

Carbonate plumbogummitecarbon in crandallitenon-stoichiometric crandalliteRietveld refinementsspectroscopy
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 75 , Issue 1 , February 2011 , pp. 145 - 158
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2011

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