¹ On quite how counterintuitive it has been see Dunn, John, Setting the People Free: The Story of Democracy (London, 2005)Google Scholar; and Dunn, , Breaking Democracy's Spell (New Haven, 2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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³ Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality Among Men (1755), in Rousseau, Collected Writings, ed. Masters, Roger D., Kelly, Christopher, Scott, John T., Grace, Eve and Bloom, Allan, 13 vols. (Hanover, NH and London, 1990–2010), 3: 29–30 Google Scholar. Unless otherwise stated, all translations of Rousseau's texts will be taken from this edition because they are cross-referenced to the standard, five-volume, Pléiade edition of Rousseau's Oeuvres complètes (Paris, 1959–95). Henceforth references to this edition will be abbreviated CW, followed, where required, by the volume, book, chapter and page numbers.

⁴ Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile (1762), Bk. IV, CW, 13: 490.

⁵ Ibid.

⁶ On the division of labour see Salvat, Christophe, “De Division of Labour à Division du Travail. Histoire d’une notion, d’un syntagme et de sa diffusion en France,” in Marchello-Nizia, Christiane, ed., Dictionnaire des usages socio-politiques (1770–1815) (Paris, 2003), 39–66 Google Scholar.

⁷ Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Essay on the Origin of Languages, chaps. 13–16, CW, 7: 319–27.

⁸ Strauss, Leo, The Political Philosophy of Hobbes: Its Basis and Its Genesis (Oxford, 1936), 161 n. 2Google Scholar.

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¹² See, for example, Pocock, J. G. A., The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, 1975)Google Scholar; Rahe, Paul A, Republics Ancient and Modern: Classical Republicanism and the American Revolution (Chapel Hill, 1992)Google Scholar; Pettit, Philip, Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government (Oxford, 1997)Google Scholar; Skinner, Quentin, Liberty before Liberalism (Cambridge, 1998)Google Scholar.

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¹⁴ Neuhouser, “Rousseau and the Origins of Autonomy,” 481.

¹⁵ Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Social Contract (1762), Bk I, chap. 6, CW, 4: 139.

¹⁶ Neuhouser, “Rousseau and the Origins of Autonomy,” 483 (italics in original).

¹⁷ Ibid., 488–9.

¹⁸ Ibid., 489.

¹⁹ Ibid., 491–2.

²⁰ See Schneewind, J. B., The Invention of Autonomy: A History of Modern Moral Philosophy (Cambridge, 1998)Google Scholar. On Kant's usage see Larmore, Charles, “Kant and the Meanings of Autonomy,” International Yearbook of German Idealism, 9 (2011), 3–21 Google Scholar.

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³² Rousseau, Letter to d’Alembert, in CW, 10: 300–5.

³³ On the origins of the Legion of Honour see Sonenscher, Before the Deluge, 15, 78–9, 81, 84, 86–7, 91, 96.

³⁴ Rousseau, Social Contract, Bk. III, chap. 8, CW, 4: 182. Rousseau's eighteenth-century English translators sometimes rendered bonne politie as “civilization.”

³⁵ Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, An Expostulatory Letter from J. J. Rousseau, Citizen of Geneva, to Christopher de Beaumont, Archbishop of Paris (London, 1763), 51 Google Scholar. For the modern version see CW, 9: 28. All the passages cited in this and the following two paragraphs can be found in Rousseau, Letter to Beaumont, 51, 52–3; and CW, 9: 28–9. For helpful insights into this aspect of Rousseau's thought see Henrich, Dieter, Aesthetic Judgment and the Moral Image of the World (Stanford, 1992), 12–16 Google Scholar.

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³⁹ Rousseau, Social Contract, Bk. III, chap. 8, CW, 4: 181.

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⁴³ Ibid., 234.

⁴⁴ Le Catholique, 5 (1827), 241: “l’ordre social achevé, tel que l’industrie lui sert de base.” For the earlier citation see ibid., 236. For a helpful discussion of this aspect of Fichte's thought see Nakhimovsky, Isaac, The Closed Commercial State: Perpetual Peace and Commercial Society from Rousseau to Fichte (Princeton, 2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁴⁸ CW, 9: 8th Letter, 257.

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⁵⁷ Rousseau, Emile, CW, 13: 533.

⁵⁸ Rousseau, Letter to d’Alembert, CW, 10: 313.

⁵⁹ Rousseau, Letter to d’Alembert, CW, 10: 315.

⁶⁰ Rousseau, Emile, CW, 13, 490.

⁶¹ Dunoyer, Charles, “Esquisse historique des doctrines auxquelles on a donné le nom d’Industrialisme, c’est-à-dire, des doctrines qui fondent la société sur l’industrie ,” Revue encyclopédique, 33 (1827), 370–71Google Scholar. The passage from Constant cited by Dunoyer can be found in Constant, Benjamin, Political Writings, ed. Fontana, Biancamaria (Cambridge, 1988), 54 Google Scholar.

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