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Environmental Applications of Xanes: Speciation of Tc In Cement After Chemical Treatment and Se After Bacterial Uptake

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

D. K. Shuh ,
N. Kaltsoyannis ,
J. J. Bucher ,
N. M. Edelstein ,
S. B. Clark ,
H. Nitsche ,
I. Almahamid ,
P. Torretto ,
W. Lukens  and
K. Roberts
...Show all authors
D. K. Shuh
Affiliation:
Chemical Sciences Division, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720
N. Kaltsoyannis
Affiliation:
Chemical Sciences Division, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720
J. J. Bucher
Affiliation:
Chemical Sciences Division, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720
N. M. Edelstein
Affiliation:
Chemical Sciences Division, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720
S. B. Clark
Affiliation:
The University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL), Aiken, SC 29802
H. Nitsche
Affiliation:
Earth Sciences Division, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720
I. Almahamid
Affiliation:
Earth Sciences Division, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720
P. Torretto
Affiliation:
Earth Sciences Division, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720
W. Lukens
Affiliation:
Chemical Sciences Division, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720
K. Roberts
Affiliation:
Earth Sciences Division, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720
B. C. Yee
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Biology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
D. E. Carlson
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Biology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
A. Yee
Affiliation:
Earth Sciences Division, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720
B. B. Buchanan
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Biology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
T. Leighton
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
W.-S. Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Jackson State Univ., Jackson, MS 39217
J. C. Bryan
Affiliation:
Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, CST-3, LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545
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Abstract

XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy) has been employed to evaluate the efficacy of a process designed to encapsulate and reduce TcO4- in cement matrices, thereby immobilizing Tc. The oxidation state of Se following bioremediation of Se by bacteria has also been determined by XANES. The XANES measurements were performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) and the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at the respective K edges of Tc (21.0 keV) and Se (12.7 keV). Comparison of the XANES spectra of Tc in untreated cement to Tc in slag treated cement and to the chemical shifts of reference materials, shows that the oxidation state of Tc is the same in both cements. Thus, the addition of a reducing agent to the cement formulation does not significantly reduce the TcO4-. The common soil bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, is known to incorporate Se on or within the cell wall when exposed to a Se(IV) solution. The Se XANES spectra of B. subtilis, as well as bacillus isolated from selenium rich soil, show that the organisms reduce selenite to the red allotrope of elemental Se.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 344: Symposium I – Materials and Processes for Environmental Protection , 1994 , 323
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1994

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