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“H Newman” and Ludwig Wittgenstein: Re-evaluating the History of John Henry Newman's Philosophical Reception

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Daniel Pratt Morris-Chapman*
Affiliation:
Wesley House, Cambridge

Abstract

It is commonly held that that the dominance of logical positivism, in the early part of the twentieth-century, hindered Newman's philosophical recognition. However, commentators also argue that Newman's writing began to gain wider recognition following Wittgenstein's reference to “H Newman” (1969) in the posthumous publication of On Certainty. This essay explores whether or not this version of the history of Newman's philosophical reception rings true – exploring whether or not the reference to “H Newman” really marks a watershed for Newman's philosophical legacy.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 Provincial Council of the English Province of the Order of Preachers

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Footnotes

*

I would like to dedicate this article to my mentor the late Mervyn Davies – a “St. Andrew” in Newman scholarship: John Henry Newman, Parochial and Plain Sermons, 8 Vols (London: Longmans, Green, 1907–1909), II, 3.

References

1 The prevalence of logical positivism during this period in Anglophone philosophy as argued by Garcia: ‘From the 1920s to the 1960s, large tracts of English-speaking philosophy labored under the shadow of logical positivism and its verification criterion of meaning. Positivism is evidentialism for the twentieth-century; empirical certitude extends only to what is immediately presented to sense experience (sense-data), and statements that cannot be verified falsified by such evidence are…meaningless.’ Garcia, Laura L, ‘Catholic Philosophical Theology,’ in Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion, ed. Meister, C & Copan, P (London: Routledge, 2013), pp. 525-534, at p. 530Google Scholar.

2 For examples of this view see: Mitchell, Basil, ‘Newman as a Philosopher,’ in Newman after a Hundred Years, ed. Ker, I & Hill, A G (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), pp. 223-246 at p. 241Google Scholar; Barrett, Cyril, ‘Newman and Wittgenstein on the Rationality of Belief,’ in Newman and Conversion, ed. Ker, I (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1997), pp. 89-99Google Scholar; Kerr, Fergus, ‘“In an Isolated and, Philosophically, Uninfluential Way” Newman and Oxford Philosophy,’ in Newman and the Word, eds. Merrigan, T & Ker, I T (Louvain: Peeters Press, 2000), pp. 155-179Google Scholar. For an alternative perspective on Newman's philosophical reception see: Morris-Chapman, D J PrattThe Philosophical legacy of John Henry Newman: A Neglected Chapter in Newman Research,’ in New Blackfriars (2017), 722-750CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

3 Pritchard, Duncan, ‘Wittgenstein on Faith and Reason: The Influence of Newman,’ God, Truth and Other Enigmas, ed. Szatkowski, M. (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2015), pp. 141-164 at p. 163 fn11Google Scholar. Pritchard's analysis is not quite accurate for, while it is clear that Newman was recognized as an important dialogue partner in many philosophical writings his philosophical reception during the nineteenth century was shaped by a form of evidentialism typified in Clifford who stated that ‘it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence.’ For further discussion see: Pratt Morris-Chapman, ‘The Philosophical Legacy of John Henry Newman,’ 722-750; Clifford, W K, ‘The Ethics of Belief,’ in Lectures and Essays, 2 Vols (London: Macmillan, 1879), II, p. 186Google Scholar.

4 Kerr, ‘Newman and Oxford Philosophy,’ p. 156.

5 He writes: ‘A genuine proposition pictures a possible state of affairs. These pictures themselves are facts and share a pictorial and a logical form with what they represent. Failure of representation occurs when a sentence, laying claim to a truth or falsehood, depicts no possible state of affairs, whether simple or complex. Inasmuch as they are themselves neither elementary propositions nor truth-functions of elementary propositions, metaphysical pronouncements fail to represent anything. They are nonsensical…This applies to ethics an aesthetics.’ Ayer, A J, Philosophy in the Twentieth Century (London: Unwin Paperbacks, 1982), p. 112Google Scholar

6 Kerr, ‘Newman and Oxford Philosophy,’ p. 157.

7 In this regard Ayer's Dictionary of Philosophical Quotations (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994) is revealing, for this posthumous work not only fails to mention Newman but its obsession with recent developments in analytic philosophy leads Ayer to virtually ignore the British Idealists and the Cambridge Platonists.

8 Mitchell, ‘Newman as a Philosopher,’ p. 241.

9 Mitchell, ‘Newman as a Philosopher,’ pp. 236-237.

10 Another reason given by Mitchell is that the tendency toward idealism in continental philosophy detached Newman, who he describes as being ‘firmly rooted in the Empiricist tradition,’ from the affairs of European philosophers. Mitchell, ‘Newman as a Philosopher,’ p. 223.

11 Kenny, ‘Newman as a Philosopher of Religion,’ pp. 98-100.

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13 Though not all commentators mention Wittgenstein's reference to ‘H Newman’ it is implied by the fact that the date of this publication is often mentioned as a turning point.

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33 Ambrose was an American Philosopher who studied at Cambridge.

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37 Albert Einstien, cited in ‘The Max Newman Digital Archive’ [item 2 13 2] Box 2 Folder13 item2 http://www.cdpa.co.uk/Newman/MHAN/view-item.php?Box=2&SubBox=&Folder=13&SubFolder=&Item=2&SubItem=&Page=1 (Accessed 14.12.09).

38 H K H Weil, cited in ‘The Max Newman Digital Archive’ [item [box]2 [folder]8 [item]2]http://www.cdpa.co.uk/Newman/MHAN/view-item.php?Box=2&SubBox=&Folder=8&SubFolder=&Item=2&SubItem=&Page=1 (Accessed 14.12.09).

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