Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-07T02:52:31.863Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Language, Meaning and Human Knowledge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2008

Haldur Õim
Affiliation:
Ülikooli 18, Eesti keele kateeder, 202 400 Tartu, USSR.
Get access

Abstract

The paper touches upon the relations between grammar-oriented and communication-oriented ways of analysing language in the light of some recent related developments in theoretical linguistics, congnitive psychology and artificial intelligence. The integration of (linguistic) meaning, situational interpretation and background knowledge is discussed. In Particular, different types of linguistically relevant common-sense knowledge and higher level cognitive procedures are considered.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Apresyan, , Yuriy, 1974: Leksicheskaya semantika. Nauka, Moskva.Google Scholar
Apresyan, , Yuriy, 1980: Principy semanticheskogo opisaniya yazyka. In Working Papers on Artificial Intelligence 2. Tartu, pp. 324.Google Scholar
Bierwisch, , Manfred, 1969: On Classifying Semantic Features. In Bierwisch, , Manfred, and Heidolph, Karl (eds.): Progress in Linguistics. Mouton, The Hague, pp. 2750.Google Scholar
Bransford, , John, D. and MsCarrell, , Nancy, S. 1974: A Sketch of a Cognitive Approach to Comprehension. In Weimer, W. B. and Palermo, D. S. (eds.): Cognition and the Symbolic Processes. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, pp. 189229.Google Scholar
Charniak, , Eugen, 1975: Organization and Inference in a Frame-Like System of Common Sense Knowledge. Working Paper No. 14. Instituto per gli Studi Semantici e Cognitivi. Castagnola.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, , Herbert, H. 1977: Inferences in Comprehension. In La Berge, D. and Samules, S. J. (eds.) 1977: Basic Processes in Reading: Perception and Comprehension. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, pp. 342.Google Scholar
Clark, , Herbert, H. and Haviland, , Susan, E. 1974: Psychological Processes as Linguistic Explanations. In Cohen, D. (ed.) Explaining Linguistic Phenomena. Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Washington, pp. 91124.Google Scholar
Dijk, , Teun, A.van, 1975: Issues in the Pragmatics of Discourse. Amsterdam University, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Fillmore, , Charles, 1975: An Alternative to Checklist Theories of Meaning. In Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society. Berkeley Linguistic Society, Berkeley, pp. 123131.Google Scholar
Fillmore, , Charles, 1977: Scenes – and – Frames Semantics. In Zampolli, A. (ed.) Linguistic Structures Processing. Amsterdam, pp. 5581.Google Scholar
Frumkina, R. 1978: Sootnosheniye tochnyh metodov i gumanitarnogo podhoda. Izvestiya AN SSSR 37, pp. 318332.Google Scholar
Gibson, , James, J. 1977: The Theory of Affordances. In Shaw, R. E. and Bransford, J. D. (eds.) Perceiving, Acting and Knowing. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, pp. 6782.Google Scholar
Gordon, , David, and Lakoff, , George, 1971: Conversational Postulates. In Papers from the Eighth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago Linguistic Society, Chicago, pp. 6384.Google Scholar
Grice, H.Paul, 1975: Logic and Conversation. In Cole, P. and Morgan, J. L. (eds.) Studies in Syntax and Semantics 3. Academic Press, New York, pp. 4158.Google Scholar
Hays, , David, 1977a: cognition: A Liguistic Approach. In Zampolli, A. (ed.) Linguistic Structures Processing. Amsterdam, pp. 117129.Google Scholar
Hays, , David, 1977b: Kognitive Netzwerke: Formen und Prozesse. In Eisenberg, P. (Hrsg.) Semantik und Künstliche Intelligenz. Springer Verlag, Berlin-New York, pp. 86112.Google Scholar
Jackendoff, , Ray, 1975: A System of Semantic Primitives. In Schank, R. C. and Nash-Webber, B. (eds.) Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 2833.Google Scholar
Karttunen, , Lauri, and Peters, , Stanley, 1977: Requiem for Presuppositions. In Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society. Berkeley Linguistic Society, Berkeley, pp. 360371.Google Scholar
Katznelson, , Solomon, 1974: Tipologiya yazyka i rechevoye myshleniye. Nauka, Leningrad.Google Scholar
Lakoff, , George, and Thompson, , Henry, 1975: Introducing Cognitive Grammars. In Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society. Berkeley Linguistic Society, Berkeley, pp. 295313.Google Scholar
Meibauer, , Jürgen, 1977: Sprechaktsequenzen. Papiere zur Linguistik Nr. 13/14, pp. 168192.Google Scholar
Miller, , George, A. and Johnson-Laird, P. N. 1976: Language and Perception. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Östman, , Jan-Ola, 1978: Functional Text Semantics, Idioms and Variability. In Östman, J.-O. (ed.) Cohesion and Semantics. Ǡbo Akademi, Ǡbo, pp. 934.Google Scholar
Õim, , Haldur, 1973: Presuppositions and the Ordering of Messages. In Kiefer, F. (ed.) Trends in Soviet Theoretical Linguistics. Reidel, D., Dordrecht, , pp. 123134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Õim, , Haldur, 1977a: Toward a Theory of Linguistic Pragmatics. Journal of Pragmatics 1, 251268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Õim, , Haldur, 1977b: Messages and Memory Structures in the Pragmatic Description of Sentences. SMIL: A Journal of Linguistic Calculus 2, 443.Google Scholar
Potcheptsov, , Georg, 1978: Ponyatiye Kommunikativnoy transformatsii. In Predlozheniye i tekst v semanticheskom aspeket. Kalininskiy Gosudarstvennyy Universitet, Kalinin, pp. 4963.Google Scholar
Pylyshyn, , Zenon, W. 1978: Computational Models and Empirical Contraints. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, 9399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rommetveit, , Ragnar, & Blakar, , Rolf, M. 1979: Studies of Language, Thought and Verbal Communication. Academic Press, London etc.Google Scholar
Rosch, , Eleanor, 1977: Human Categorization. Studies in cross-Cultural Psychology 1, 149.Google Scholar
Schank, , Roger, and Abelson, R. P. 1975: Scripts, Plans and Knowledge. Paper presented at the IV International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Tbilisi, USSR.Google Scholar
Schank, , Roger, C. and Wilks, , Yorick, 1974: Goals of Linguistic Theory Revisited. Lingua 4, 301326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sgall, , Petr, 1975a: Meaning of Sign, Cognitive Content and Pragmatics. The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 25, 5168.Google Scholar
Sgall, , Petr, 1975b: Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence. The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics No. 24, pp. 524.Google Scholar
Shepard, , Robert, N. 1975: Form, Formation and Transformation of Internal Representations. In Solso, R. L. (ed.) Information Processing and Cognition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, pp. 87123.Google Scholar
Sørensen, , Viggo, 1976: Textuality – a Pragmatic Approach. In Karlsson, F. (ed.) Papers from the Third Scandinavian Conference on Linguistics. Turku, pp. 381391.Google Scholar
Thompson, , Henry, 1977: Strategy and Tactics: A Model of Language Production. In Papers from the Thirteenth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Chicago Linguistic Society, Chicago, pp. 651668.Google Scholar
Thorndyke, , Paul, W. 1977: Cognitive Structures in Comprehension and Memory of Narrative Discourse. Cognitive Psychology 9, 77110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Todorov, , Tzvetan, 1968, La Grammaire du Récit. Langages 12, 102115.Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, , Anna, 1972: Semantic Primitives. Athenäum, Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar
Wilks, , Yorick, 1975: Seven Theses on Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language. Working Paper No. 25. Istituto per gli Studi Semantici a Cognitivi. Castagnola.Google Scholar
Winograd, , Terry, 1977: On Some Contested Suppositions of Generative Linguistics about the Scientific Study of Language. Cognition 5, 151180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woods, , William, A. 1975: what's in a Link: Foundation of Semantic Networks. In Bobrow, D. and Collins, A. (eds.) Representation and Understanding. Academic Press, New York, pp. 3582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yngve, , Victor, 1975: Toward a Human Linguistics. In Papers from the Parasession on Functionalism. Chicago Linguistic Society, Chicago, pp. 547561.Google Scholar
Zvegintsev, , Vladimir, A. 1973: Yazyk i lingvisticheskaya teoriys. Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta, Moskva.Google Scholar
Zvegintsev, , Vladimir, A. 1976; Predlozheniye i yego otnosheniye k yazyku i rechi. Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta, Moskva.Google Scholar
Zwicky, , Arnold, M. 1972: Linguistics as Chemistry: The Substantive Theory of Semantic Primes. In Anderson, S.R. and Kiparsky, P. (eds.) A Festschrift for Morris Halle. Academic Press, New York, pp. 467485.Google Scholar