Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-10-30T14:57:39.778Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Psychometric characteristics of the Muslim Religiosity Scale in Iranian patients with cancer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2016

Mohsen Saffari
Affiliation:
Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Health Education Department, School of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Amir H. Pakpour*
Affiliation:
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Seyed Fattah Mortazavi
Affiliation:
Department of Islamic Studies, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Harold G. Koenig
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Amir H. Pakpour, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. E-mail: pakpour_amir@yahoo.com.

Abstract

Objective:

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Religiosity is a factor that may help cancer patients to cope with their disease. The aim of the current study was to validate a Persian translation of the Muslim Religiosity Scale (MRS) in a population of Iranian patients with cancer.

Method:

Two thousand patients were invited to participate in this multisite study, of whom 1,879 participated. Patients completed a demographic questionnaire, the MRS, and several scales, including the Patient Health Questionnaire–9, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the SF–12 quality of life measure. Backward–forward translation was employed to develop a Persian-language version of the MRS. Cronbach's alpha and two-week test–retest reliability were also assessed. Convergent and discriminative validity as well as the factor structure of the scale were also examined.

Results:

The internal reliability (α) of the religious practices and beliefs subscales was 0.88 and 0.92, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.92 (range = 0.75–1.0). The scale demonstrated solid convergent and discriminative validity. Factor analysis indicated two main factors, as predicted, with an appropriate goodness of fit (χ2 = 76.23, RMSEA = 0.065). Such factors as marital status, quality of life, social support, and self-efficacy were positively associated with MRS total score, while anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation had negative associations.

Significance of results:

The MRS is a useful tool for assessing religiosity in Iranian patients with cancer and is associated with a number of important health outcomes.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Al Zaben, F., Khalifa, D.A., Sehlo, M.G., et al. (2015 a). Religious involvement and health in dialysis patients in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(2), 713730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Al Zaben, F., Sehlo, M.G., Khalifa, D.A., et al. (2015 b). Test–retest reliability of the Muslim Religiosity Scale: Follow-up to “Religious involvement and health among dialysis patients in Saudi Arabia.” Journal of Religion and Health, 54(3), 11441147.Google Scholar
Azadeh, S., Moghimi-Dehkordi, B., Fatem, S.R., et al. (2008). Colorectal cancer in Iran: An epidemiological study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 9(1), 123126.Google Scholar
Bagherian-Sararoudi, R., Hajian, A., Ehsan, H.B., et al. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in Iran. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4(11), 12771281.Google ScholarPubMed
Basinski, A., Stefaniak, T., Stadnyk, M., et al. (2013). Influence of religiosity on the quality of life and on pain intensity in chronic pancreatitis patients after neurolytic celiac plexus block: Case-controlled study. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(1), 276284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beaton, D.E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., et al. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 31863191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berry, D.M., Bass, C.P., Forawi, W., et al. (2011). Measuring religiosity/spirituality in diverse religious groups: A consideration of methods. Journal of Religion and Health, 50(4), 841851.Google Scholar
Boswell, G. (2003). Understanding the effects of stressors, lifestyle, religiosity, and spirituality on the well-being of elders. The Gerontologist, 43, 212222.Google Scholar
Browne, M.W. & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21, 230258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bussing, A., Fischer, J., Ostermann, T., et al. (2009). Reliance on God's help as a measure of intrinsic religiosity in healthy elderly and patients with chronic diseases: Correlations with health-related quality of life? Applied Research in Quality of Life, 4(1), 7790.Google Scholar
Cho, H., Mariotto, A.B., Mann, B.S., et al. (2013). Assessing non-cancer-related health status of U.S. cancer patients: Other-cause survival and comorbidity prevalence. American Journal of Epidemiology, 178(3), 339349.Google Scholar
Fayers, P.M. & Machin, D. (2000). Quality of life: Assessment, analysis and interpretation. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasson-Ohayon, I., Braun, M., Galinsky, D., et al. (2009). Religiosity and hope: A path for women coping with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Psychosomatics, 50(5), 525533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ka'opua, L.S., Mitschke, D.B. & Kloezeman, K.C. (2008). Coping with breast cancer at the nexus of religiosity and Hawaiian culture: Perspectives of native Hawaiian survivors and family members. Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Social Work, 27(3), 275295.Google Scholar
Kaye, J. & Raghavan, S.K. (2002). Spirituality in disability and illness. Journal of Religion and Health, 41(3), 231242.Google Scholar
Khamseh, M.E., Baradaran, H.R., Javanbakht, A., et al. (2011). Comparison of the CES–D and PHQ–9 depression scales in people with type 2 diabetes in Tehran, Iran. BMC Psychiatry, 11, 61.Google Scholar
Koenig, H.G. & Al Shohaib, S. (2014). Health and well-being in Islamic societies: Background, research, and applications. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Koenig, H.G., King, D.E. & Carson, V.B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Koenig, H.G., Al Zaben, F., Khalifa, D.A., et al. (2014). Measures of religiosity. In Measures of personality and social psychological constructs. Boyle, G.J. et al. (eds.), pp. 530561. San Diego: Academic Press (Elsevier).Google Scholar
Levin, J.S. & Taylor, R.J. (1993). Gender and age differences in religiosity among black Americans. The Gerontologist, 33(1), 1623.Google Scholar
Leyva, B., Nguyen, A.B., Allen, J.D., et al. (2015). Is religiosity associated with cancer screening? Results from a national survey. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(3), 9981013.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lim, J.W. & Yi, J. (2009). The effects of religiosity, spirituality, and social support on quality of life: A comparison between Korean American and Korean breast and gynecologic cancer survivors. Oncology Nursing Forum, 36(6), 699708.Google Scholar
Lopez, J.L., Riggs, S.A., Pollard, S.E., et al. (2011). Religious commitment, adult attachment, and marital adjustment in newly married couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 25(2), 301309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mignogna, M.D., Fedele, S. & Lo Russo, L. (2004). The World Cancer Report and the burden of oral cancer. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 13(2), 139142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mojahed, A. (2014). Religiosity and preventing risky behaviors. International Journal of High Risk Behaviors & Addiction, 3(3), e22844.Google Scholar
Montazeri, A., Vahdaninia, M., Ebrahimi, M., et al. (2003). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1, 14.Google Scholar
Moradpour, F. & Fatemi, Z. (2013). Estimation of the projections of the incidence rates, mortality and prevalence due to common cancer site in Isfahan, Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(6), 35813585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mousavi, S.M., Gouya, M.M., Ramazani, R., et al. (2009). Cancer incidence and mortality in Iran. Annals of Oncology, 20(3), 556563.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pakpour, A.H., Nourozi, S., Molsted, S., et al. (2011). Validity and reliability of the short form–12 questionnaire in Iranian hemodialysis patients. Iranian Journal of Kidney Disease, 5(3), 175181.Google ScholarPubMed
Pakpour, A.H., Plante, T.G., Saffari, M., et al. (2014). The Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORF): A validation study on Iranian Muslim patients undergoing dialysis. Journal of Religion and Health, 53(6), 18851897.Google Scholar
Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life (2009). Mapping the global Muslim population: A report on the size and distribution of the world's Muslim population. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.Google Scholar
Pokorski, M. & Warzecha, A. (2011). Depression and religiosity in older age. European Journal of Medical Research, 16(9), 401406.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rajabi, G.R. (2006). Reliability and validity of the general self-efficacy beliefs scale (GSE–10) comparing the psychology students of Shahid Chamran University and Azad University of Marvdasht. New Thoughts on Education, 2, 111122.Google Scholar
Saffari, M., Pakpour, A.H., Naderi, M.K., et al. (2013 a). Spiritual coping, religiosity and quality of life: A study on Muslim patients undergoing haemodialysis. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.), 18(4), 269275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saffari, M., Zeidi, I.M., Pakpour, A.H., et al. (2013 b). Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A study on Muslims. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(2), 631641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaheen Al Ahwal, M., Al Zaben, F., Sehlo, M.G., et al. (2015). Religious beliefs, practices, and health in colorectal cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. Psycho-Oncology, 25(3), 292299.Google Scholar
Taunay, T.C.D., Gondim, F.D.A., Macedo, D.S., et al. (2012). Validity of the Brazilian version of the Duke Religious Index (DUREL). Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica, 39(4), 130135.Google Scholar
Thomas, C.J. & Washington, T.A. (2012). Religiosity and social support: Implications for the health-related quality of life of African American hemodialysis patients. Journal of Religion and Health, 51(4), 13751385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Unterrainer, H.F. (2008). Structure and centrality of religious-spiritual well-being among psychiatric in-patients and healthy controls. International Journal of Psychology, 43(3–4), 386386.Google Scholar
Vakili, M., Pirdehghan, A., Adimi, M., et al. (2014). Epidemiology and trend of cancer in Yazd, a central province of Iran, 2005–2009. Journal of Research Health Sciences, 14(3), 210213.Google Scholar
WHO (World Health Organization) (2015). Cancer: Fact sheet. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/.Google Scholar