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Rapid divergence, molecular evolution, and morphological diversification of coastal host-parasite systems from southern Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2019

Marlus Bueno-Silva Open the ORCID record for Marlus Bueno-Silva [Opens in a new window]  and
Walter A. Boeger
Marlus Bueno-Silva*
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva (LEMPE), Departamento de Zoologia, Centro Politécnico, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19073, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19020, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Walter A. Boeger
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva (LEMPE), Departamento de Zoologia, Centro Politécnico, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19073, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Marlus Bueno-Silva, E-mail: marbsilva@gmail.com
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Abstract

This study assessed the role of historical processes on the geographic isolation, molecular evolution, and morphological diversification of host-parasite populations from the southern Brazilian coast. Adult specimens of Scleromystax barbatus and Scleromystax macropterus were collected from the sub-basin of the Nhundiaquara River and the sub-basin of the Paranaguá Bay, state of Paraná, Brazil. Four species of Gyrodactylus were recovered from the body surface of both host species. Morphometric analysis of Gyrodactylus spp. and Scleromystax spp. indicated that subpopulations of parasites and hosts could be distinguished from different sub-basins and locations, but the degree of morphological differentiation seems to be little related to geographic distance between subpopulations. Phylogenetic relationships based on DNA sequences of Gyrodactylus spp. and Scleromystax spp. allowed distinguishing lineages of parasites and hosts from different sub-basins. However, the level of genetic structuring of parasites was higher in comparison to host species. Evidence of positive selection in mtDNA sequences is likely associated with local adaptation of lineages of parasites and hosts. A historical demographic analysis revealed that populations of Gyrodactylus and Scleromystax have expanded in the last 250 000 years. The genetic variation of parasites and hosts is consistent with population-specific selection, population expansions, and recent evolutionary co-divergence.

Keywords

Geographic structuringGyrodactyluslocal adaptationPleistocenepopulation expansionScleromystax
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 146 , Issue 10 , September 2019 , pp. 1313 - 1332
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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