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Rites of Passage: Mortuary Practice, Population Dynamics, and Chronology at the Carrowkeel Passage Tomb Complex, Co. Sligo, Ireland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2018

Thomas Kador ,
Lara M. Cassidy ,
Jonny Geber ,
Robert Hensey ,
Pádraig Meehan  and
Sam Moore
Thomas Kador*
Affiliation:
UCL Arts & Sciences (BASc), University College London, London, UK.
Lara M. Cassidy
Affiliation:
Human Population Genetics Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Jonny Geber
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Robert Hensey
Affiliation:
Glencar, Sligo, Ireland
Pádraig Meehan
Affiliation:
Shriff, Dromahair, Leitrim, Ireland
Sam Moore
Affiliation:
Applied Archaeology, Department of Environmental Science, School Science, Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland
*
Corresponding author: Thomas Kador t.kador@ucl.ac.uk
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Abstract

The first detailed investigation of the human remains from the Carrowkeel passage tomb complex since their excavation in 1911 has revealed several new and important insights about life, death, and mortuary practice in Neolithic Ireland. Osteological analysis provides the first conclusive proof for the occurrence of dismemberment of the dead at Irish passage tombs, practised contemporarily with cremation as one of a suite of funerary treatments. The research also highlights changes in burial tradition at the complex over the course of the Neolithic. Providing a chronology for these changes allows them to be linked to wider trends in monument construction, which may relate to changes in both land use and climate during the period. Multi-isotope analysis hints at the presence of non-local individuals among the interred and the possible existence of different food sourcing areas at the onset of the later Neolithic period. Preliminary results from ancient DNA sequencing of six individuals from Carrowkeel provide evidence for the genetic ancestry of Irish Neolithic populations, demonstrating their Anatolian origins and links along the Atlantic façade.

Résumé

Rites de passage: pratiques mortuaires, dynamique de population et chronologie dans le complexe de tombes à couloir de Carrowkeel , Co. Sligo, Irlande, de Thomas Kador, Lara M. Cassidy, Jonny Geber, Robert Hensey, Pádraig Meehan, et Sam Moore

La première investigation des restes humains du complexe de tombes à couloir de Carrowkeel depuis leur excavation en 1911 a révélé plusieurs nouveaux et importants aperçus de la vie, la mort et des pratiques funéraires dans l’Irlande néolithique. L’analyse ostéologique a apporté la première preuve concluante de l’occurence de démembrement des morts dans les tombes à couloir irlandaises pratiqué en contemporanéité avec la crémation comme une suite de traitements funéraires. Le recherche montre aussi qu’il y avait une serie de changements dans la tradition sépulcrale du complexe au cours du néolithique. Le fait de fournir une chronologie pour ces changements la recherche permet de les relier à des courants plus étendus de construction de monuments qui pourraient avoir un lien avec des changements à la fois dans l’utilisation de la terre et le climat pendant cette période. De multiples analyses d’isotopes donnent à penser que des individus extérieurs à la région figuraient parmi les personnes enterrées et qu’existaient différentes zones d’approvisionnement en nourriture à la période du néolithique tardif. Les résultats préliminaires de séquences d’ADN ancien apportent des témoignages de généalogie génétique des populations du néolithique irlandais, démontrant leurs origines anatoliennes et des liens le long de la façade atlantique

Zussamenfassung

Übergangsriten: Bestattungspraktiken, Bevölkerungsdynamik und Chronologie des Ganggrabkomplexes von Carrowkeel, Co. Sligo, von Thomas Kador, Lara M. Cassidy, Jonny Geber, Robert Hensey, Pádraig Meehan, und Sam Moore

Die erste Untersuchung der menschlichen Überreste aus den Ganggräbern von Carrowkeel seit ihrer Ausgrabung von in 1911 erbrachte mehrere neue und wichtige Erkenntnisse über Leben, Sterben und Begräbnispraktiken im neolithischen Irland. Die osteologischen Untersuchungen liefern die ersten sicheren Beweise für das Vorkommen von Zerlegungen von Toten in irischen Ganggräbern, die zeitgleich mit der Leichenverbrennung praktiziert wurde als eines aus einer ganzen Reihe funerärer Verfahren. Die Forschungen bezeugen auch eine Reihe von Veränderungen in den Bestattungstraditionen in diesem Gräberkomplex im Verlauf des Neolithikums. Das Erstellen einer Chronologie für diese Veränderungen ermöglicht es, diese mit weiteren Entwicklungen in der Errichtung der Monumente zu verknüpfen, was wiederum mit Veränderungen sowohl der Landnutzung als auch des Klimas in dieser Zeitspanne verbunden sein mag. Multiisotopen-Analysen deuten auf das Vorhandensein nicht-lokaler Individuen unter den hier Beigesetzten wie auch auf die Nutzung verschiedener Regionen für den Nahrungserwerb im späteren Neolithikum. Vorläufige Ergebnisse der aDNA-Untersuchungen liefern Hinweise auf die genetische Herkunft der neolithischen Populationen Irlands und zeigen ihre anatolische Herkunft sowie Verbindungen entlang der atlantischen Fassade.

Resumen

Ritos de paso: prácticas mortuorias, dinámicas de población y cronología en el complejo de tumba de corredor Carrowkeel, Co.Sligo, Irlanda, por Thomas Kador, Lara M. Cassidy, Jonny Geber, Robert Hensey, Pádraig Meehan, y Sam Moore

Las primeras investigaciones de los restos humanos del complejo de la tumba de corredor de Carrowkeel, desde su excavación en 1911, han revelado algunos aspectos nuevos e importantes acerca de la vida, la muerte y las prácticas funerarias en el Neolítico irlandés. El análisis osteológico ha proporcionado la primera prueba concluyente de desmembramiento en las tumbas de corredor irlandesas, practicado simultáneamente con la cremación como parte del repertorio de los tratamientos funerarios. Esta investigación también resalta una serie de cambios en la tradición funeraria en el complejo a lo largo del Neolítico. El establecimiento de una cronología para estos cambios permite vincularlos con tendencias más generales en la construcción de este tipo de monumentos, que se pueden relacionar con modificaciones en el uso de la tierra y del clima durante este período. Los análisis multi-isotópicos indican la presencia de individuos no locales entre los enterrados y la existencia de diferentes áreas de abastecimiento de alimentos durante el Neolítico Final. Los resultados preliminares de secuenciación de ADN antiguo proporcionan una evidencia de la ascendencia genética de las poblaciones neolíticas irlandesas, demostrando su origen anatolio y sus vínculos con el resto de la fachada atlántica.

Keywords

Neolithicbody processingdismembermentisotope analysisaDNAchronological modellingpassage graveIreland
Type
Articles
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 84 , December 2018 , pp. 225 - 255
Copyright
© The Prehistoric Society 2018 

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