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Autonomic indices and loss-of-control eating in adolescents: an ecological momentary assessment study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2022

Lisa M. Ranzenhofer ,
Soroosh Solhjoo ,
Ross D. Crosby ,
Brittany H. Kim ,
Rachel Korn ,
Sharath Koorathota ,
E. Caitlin Lloyd ,
B. Timothy Walsh  and
Mark C. Haigney
Lisa M. Ranzenhofer*
Affiliation:
Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Soroosh Solhjoo
Affiliation:
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Ross D. Crosby
Affiliation:
Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA
Brittany H. Kim
Affiliation:
Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Rachel Korn
Affiliation:
Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Sharath Koorathota
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
E. Caitlin Lloyd
Affiliation:
Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
B. Timothy Walsh
Affiliation:
Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Mark C. Haigney
Affiliation:
F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Bethesda, MD, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Lisa M. Ranzenhofer, E-mail: lr2840@cumc.columbia.edu
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Abstract

Background

Loss-of-control (LOC) eating commonly develops during adolescence, and it predicts full-syndrome eating disorders and excess weight gain. Although negative emotions and emotion dysregulation are hypothesized to precede and predict LOC eating, they are rarely examined outside the self-report domain. Autonomic indices, including heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), may provide information about stress and capacity for emotion regulation in response to stress.

Methods

We studied whether autonomic indices predict LOC eating in real-time in adolescents with LOC eating and body mass index (BMI) ⩾70th percentile. Twenty-four adolescents aged 12–18 (67% female; BMI percentile mean ± standard deviation = 92.6 ± 9.4) who reported at least twice-monthly LOC episodes wore biosensors to monitor HR, HRV, and physical activity for 1 week. They reported their degree of LOC after all eating episodes on a visual analog scale (0–100) using a smartphone.

Results

Adjusting for physical activity and time of day, higher HR and lower HRV predicted higher self-reported LOC after eating. Parsing between- and within-subjects effects, there was a significant, positive, within-subjects association between pre-meal HR and post-meal LOC rating. However, there was no significant within-subjects effect for HRV, nor were there between-subjects effects for either electrophysiologic variable.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that autonomic indices may either be a marker of risk for subsequent LOC eating or contribute to LOC eating. Linking physiological markers with behavior in the natural environment can improve knowledge of illness mechanisms and provide new avenues for intervention.

Keywords

Adolescentsautonomic nervous systemecological momentary assessmentheart rate variabilityheart rateloss-of-control eatingstress
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 10 , July 2023 , pp. 4742 - 4750
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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