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Suicide risk among undergraduate students in Brazil in the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the SABES-Grad national survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2022

Lauro Miranda Demenech Open the ORCID record for Lauro Miranda Demenech [Opens in a new window] ,
Lucas Neiva-Silva Open the ORCID record for Lucas Neiva-Silva [Opens in a new window] ,
Sandra Mara Silva Brignol Open the ORCID record for Sandra Mara Silva Brignol [Opens in a new window] ,
Samira Reschetti Marcon Open the ORCID record for Samira Reschetti Marcon [Opens in a new window] ,
Sônia Maria Lemos Open the ORCID record for Sônia Maria Lemos [Opens in a new window] ,
Rafael Miranda Tassitano Open the ORCID record for Rafael Miranda Tassitano [Opens in a new window]  and
Samuel C. Dumith Open the ORCID record for Samuel C. Dumith [Opens in a new window]
Lauro Miranda Demenech*
Affiliation:
Center for Studies on Risk and Health (CERIS), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
Lucas Neiva-Silva
Affiliation:
Center for Studies on Risk and Health (CERIS), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil Graduate Program in Psychology (PPGPsi), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
Sandra Mara Silva Brignol
Affiliation:
Institute of Collective Health (ISC), Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
Samira Reschetti Marcon
Affiliation:
Graduate Program in Nursing (PPGEnf), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
Sônia Maria Lemos
Affiliation:
School of Health Sciences (ESA), Amazonas State University (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
Rafael Miranda Tassitano
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
Samuel C. Dumith
Affiliation:
Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Lauro Miranda Demenech, E-mail: lauro_demenech@hotmail.com
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Abstract

Background

Undergraduate students present high rates of psychological distress, including suicide risk. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this scenario may have been aggravated. Thus, the objective of the current study was to evaluate changes in the suicide risk rate from the period before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the factors associated with this outcome among Brazilian undergraduate students.

Methods

This was a nationwide survey carried out in Brazil with a cross-sectional design, including two data collection periods: a single-center in-person collection in 2019 and another multicenter online collection in 2020/2021. Data were collected using self-administered instruments. The outcome was a high risk of suicide, measured through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Analyses were carried out on data from two periods, i.e. before and during the pandemic (bivariate analysis and interaction tests), and a model of associated factors (multivariate analysis using Poisson regression) was developed including all participating universities distributed in the five regions of Brazil.

Results

In total, 6716 Brazilian undergraduate students participated (996 in 2019 and 5720 in 2020/2021). The prevalence of a high suicide risk rose from 11.3% to 17.0%, especially among women and poorer individuals. The prevalence of a high risk of suicide among Brazilian undergraduates was 19.6% and was associated with several socioeconomic, academic, pandemic, and mental health factors.

Conclusions

The prevalence of a high suicide risk increased from prepandemic to during the pandemic, appearing to be largely influenced by social determinants, in conjunction with the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords

COVID-19pandemicstudentssuicideuniversities
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 11 , August 2023 , pp. 4977 - 4989
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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