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The transience and persistence of high optical polarisation state in beamed radio quasars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2023

Krishan Chand*
Affiliation:
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainital 263002, India Department of Physics, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, India
Gopal-Krishna
Affiliation:
UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Vidyanagari, Mumbai 400098, India
Amitesh Omar
Affiliation:
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainital 263002, India
Hum Chand
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh (CUHP), Dharamshala 176215, India
P. S. Bisht
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora 263601, India
*
Corresponding author: Krishan Chand, Email: krishanchand007.kc@gmail.com.

Abstract

We examine the long-term stability (on decade-like timescales) of optical ‘high polarisation’ (HP) state with ${p_{opt}}$ ${> 3\%}$, which commonly occurs in flat-spectrum (i.e., beamed) radio quasars (FSRQs) and is a prominent marker of blazar state. Using this clue, roughly a quarter of the FSRQ population has been reported to undergo HP $\leftrightarrow$ non-HP state transition on year-like timescales. This work examines the extent to which HP (i.e., blazar) state can endure in a FSRQ, despite these ‘frequent’ state transitions. This is the first attempt to verify, using purely opto-polarimetric data for a much enlarged sample of blazars, the recent curious finding that blazar state in individual quasars persists for at least a few decades, despite its changing/swinging observed fairly commonly on year-like timescales. The present analysis is based on a well-defined sample of 83 radio quasars, extracted from the opto-polarimetric survey RoboPol (2013–2017), for which old opto-polarimetric data taken prior to 1990 could be found in the literature. By a source-wise comparison of these two datasets of the same observable ($p_{opt}$), we find that $\sim$90% of the 63 quasars found in blazar state in our RoboPol sample, were also observed to be in that state about three decades before. On the other hand, within the RoboPol survey itself, we find that roughly a quarter of the blazars in our sample migrated to the other polarisation state on year-like timescales, by crossing the customary $p_{opt}$ = 3% threshold. Evidently, these relatively frequent transitions (in either direction) do not curtail the propensity of a radio quasar to retain its blazar (i.e., HP) state for at least a few decades. The observed transitions/swings of polarisation state are probably manifestation of transient processes, like ejections of synchrotron plasma blobs (VLBI radio knots) from the active nucleus.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Australia

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