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Bomb Radiocarbon and the Hawaiian Archipelago: Coral, Otoliths, and Seawater

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2016

Allen H Andrews ,
Daria Siciliano ,
Donald C Potts ,
Edward E DeMartini  and
Stephannie Covarrubias
Allen H Andrews*
Affiliation:
NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA.
Daria Siciliano
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Sciences, 316 Earth and Marine Science Building, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. The Ocean Foundation, 1320 19th St NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
Donald C Potts
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Sciences, 316 Earth and Marine Science Building, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Edward E DeMartini
Affiliation:
NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA.
Stephannie Covarrubias
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Sciences, 316 Earth and Marine Science Building, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
*
*Corresponding author. Email: allen.andrews@noaa.gov.
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Abstract

Corals of the Hawaiian Archipelago are well situated in the North Pacific Gyre (NPG) to record how bomb-produced radiocarbon has been sequestered and transported by the sea. While this signal can be traced accurately through time in reef-building corals and used to infer oceanographic processes and determine the ages of marine organisms, a comprehensive and validated record has been lacking for the Hawaiian Archipelago. In this study, a coral core from Kure Atoll in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands was used to create a high-resolution bomb 14C record for the years 1939–2002, and was then used with other 14C measurements in fish otoliths and seawater to explore differences and similarities in the bomb 14C signal throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. The Kure Atoll sample series produced a well-defined bomb 14C curve that, with some exceptions, was similar to other coral 14C records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Subtle differences in the coral 14C records across the region may be explained by the large-scale ocean circulation patterns and decadal cycles of the NPG. The most rapid increase of 14C, in the 1950s and 1960s, showed similar timing across the Hawaiian Archipelago and provides a robust basis for use of bomb 14C dating to obtain high-precision age determinations of marine organisms. Reference otoliths of juvenile fish demonstrated the use of the post-peak 14C decline period as a viable reference in the age validation of younger and more recently collected fishes, and effectively extended the utility of bomb 14C dating to the latest 30 yr.

Keywords

carbon-14snappergrouperage validationNorth Pacific Gyreoceanography
Type
Research Article
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 58 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 531 - 548
Copyright
© 2016 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

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