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Catherine Zuckert on Machiavelli's New Understanding of Politics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2018

Abstract

Catherine Zuckert's Machiavelli's Politics offers an unprecedented interpretation of all of Machiavelli's major works. Her interpretation places Machiavelli in his historical context as he understood it and shows Machiavelli seeking a populist alternative in politics. Because her approach and her conclusion have been championed by scholars explicitly opposed to Strauss's interpretation of Machiavelli, she intervenes in the scholarly debates on Machiavelli by drawing seemingly opposed approaches closer together. Strauss acknowledges the importance of Machiavelli's historical situation and understands him as a type of democrat. Nevertheless, in highlighting the functioning of Machiavelli's republic, Zuckert directly challenges Strauss, who, she argues, focuses too narrowly on Machiavelli's war on Christianity to explicate fully Machiavelli's politics. Religion and politics, though, are inextricably linked in Machiavelli's thought, and his treatment of Christianity's ascendency offers insight into his new republicanism. Consideration of Montesquieu's commentary on Machiavelli underscores some of the excesses of the Florentine's political solutions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © University of Notre Dame 2018 

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References

1 If I remember correctly, she was the teacher of record, but Michael Zuckert, who was then on sabbatical, couldn't stay away from the classroom, so the effective truth of the seminar was that it was co-taught.

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15 Machiavelli, Discourses, 15 (1.3).

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23 Ibid., 72 (1.33).

24 Ibid., 32 (1.10).

25 Ibid., 36 (1.11). Emphasis added.

26 Ibid., 72 (1.33).

27 Luke 3:23. Of course, Machiavelli has already quoted from Luke in chapter 26 of the first book of the Discourses, a mere seven chapters earlier, when he speaks of “an absolute power, which is called tyranny by the authors.” This description of the subject matter of 1.26 actually occurs in 1.25 (Machiavelli, Discourses, 61). Specifically, Machiavelli quotes from a misidentified passage from Luke to characterize such an absolute power: “who filled the hungry with good things and sent the rich away empty.” This is the quotation which Strauss emphasizes, arguing that Machiavelli plants an implied blasphemy which he relies on his readers to complete (Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli, 49–50). However one wants to interpret chapter 26, it is certainly the case that by offering this quotation from Luke, Machiavelli suggests to his reader the importance of this book of the Bible.

28 Zuckert, Machiavelli's Politics, 456.

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35 Montesquieu, Spirit of the Laws, 188 (12.2).

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39 Montesquieu, Spirit of the Laws, 85 (6.12).

40 Ibid., 74 (6.2) and 602 (29.1).

41 Zuckert, Machiavelli's Politics, 462.