Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-13T17:41:25.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of seeds of four Lonicera species (Caprifoliaceae) with underdeveloped spatulate embryos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Siti N. Hidayati ,
Jerry M. Baskin  and
Carol C. Baskin
Siti N. Hidayati*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506–0225, USA
Jerry M. Baskin
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506–0225, USA
Carol C. Baskin
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506–0225, USA Department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546–0091, USA
*
* Correspondence: Department of Biology, P.O. Box 60, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA Fax: 615–898–5093 Email: snhida@hotmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Dormancy-breaking requirements and types of dormancy were determined for seeds of Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxt., L. japonica Thunb., L. maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. and L. morrowii A. Gray. Seeds of all four species have underdeveloped spatulate embryos that are about 20–40%fully developed (elongated) when dispersed. Embryos in freshly matured, intact seeds grew better at 25/15°C than at 5°C. Gibberellic acid (GA3) (tested only in the light) was more effective in breaking dormancy in L. maackii and L. morrowii than in L. fragrantissima and L. japonica. Warm- followed by cold stratification was required to break dormancy in seeds of L. fragrantissima, whereas seeds of L. japonica required cold stratification only. Thus, seeds of L. fragrantissima have deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) and those of L. japonica nondeep simple MPD. About 50%of the seeds of L. maackii required warm- or cold stratification only to come out of dormancy and 50% of those of L. morrowii required warm stratification only, whereas the other 50% did not require stratification to germinate. Thus, about half of the seeds of the two species has nondeep simple MPD, and the other half has morphological dormancy (MD). In these laboratory tests, seeds of L. japonica, L. maackii, and L. morrowii generally germinated to significantly higher percentages in light than in darkness; seeds of L. fragrantissima were not tested in darkness. Peaks of germination for seeds of L. fragrantissima, L. japonica, L. maackii and L. morrowii sown on a soil surface and covered with Quercus leaves under near-natural temperature conditions shortly after seed maturity and dispersal in late June 1997, late November 1997, early November 1996 and late June 1998, respectively, occurred in early March 1998, late February 1998, late March 1997 and early October 1998, respectively. The germination phenologies of seeds of the same species and seed lots buried in soil were similar to those of seeds under leaf litter. High percentages of seeds of all four species germinated both under litter (78–96%) and beneath the soil surface (78–97%). These germination patterns correspond closely with the requirements for embryo growth and dormancy break in the four Lonicera species.

Keywords

embryo growthgermination phenologymorphological seed dormancymorphophysiological seed dormancyLonicera speciesunderdeveloped spatulate embryo
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 10 , Issue 4 , December 2000 , pp. 459 - 469
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bailey, L.H. (1906) Cyclopedia of American horticulture. New York, Doubleday, Page and Co.Google Scholar
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (1998) Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1984) Germination ecophysiology of an eastern deciduous forest herb Stylophorum diphyllum. The American Midland Naturalist 111, 390–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1985) Does seed dormancy play a role in the germination ecology of Rumex crispus? Weed Science 33, 340–343.Google Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1990) Germination ecophysiology of seeds of the winter annual Chaerophyllum tainturieri: a new type of morphophysiological dormancy. Journal of Ecology 78, 993–1004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, E.L. (1961) The woody plants of Ohio. Columbus, The Ohio State University Press.Google Scholar
Brinkman, K.A. (1974) Lonicera L. pp. 515–519in Schopmeyer, C.S. (Technical Coordinator) Seeds of woody plants in the United States. USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook No. 450. Washington, DC, Forest Service, USDA.Google Scholar
Cram, W.H. (1982) Seed germination of elder (Sambucus pubens) and honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica). HortScience 17, 618–619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dirr, M.A. (1998) Manual of woody landscape plants: their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and uses. Champaign, IL, Stipes Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Evans, J.E. (1984) Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica): a literature review of management practices. Natural Areas Journal 4, 4–10.Google Scholar
Gleason, H.A. and Cronquist, A. (1991) Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. (2nd edition) Bronx, NY, The New York Botanical Garden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grabe, D.F. (1970) Tetrazolium testing handbook for agricultural seeds. Contribution No. 29 to the handbook on seed testing. North Brunswick, NJ, Association of Official Seed Analysts.Google Scholar
Heit, C.E. (1967) Propagation from seed. Part 2. Storage of deciduous tree and shrub seeds. American Nurseryman 126(40), 12–13, 86–94.Google Scholar
Hidayati, S.N. (2000) A comparative study of seed dormancy in five genera of Caprifoliaceae s.l. PhD Dissertation, University of Kentucky, Lexington.Google Scholar
Hidayati, S.N., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2000) Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of two North American and one Eurasian species of Sambucus (Caprifoliaceae) with underdeveloped spatulate embryos. American Journal of Botany (in press).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leatherman, A.D. (1955) Ecological life history of Lonicera japonica Thunb. PhD Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Luken, J.O. (1988) Population structure and biomass allocation of the naturalized shrub Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. in forest and open habitats. The American Midland Naturalist 119, 258–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luken, J.O. and Goessling, N. (1995) Seedling distribution and potential persistence of the exotic shrub Lonicera maackii in fragmented forests. The American Midland Naturalist 133, 124–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luken, J.O. and Thieret, J.W. (1996) Amur honeysuckle, its fall from grace. BioScience 46, 18–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, A.C. (1946) The comparative internal morphology of seeds. The American Midland Naturalist 36, 513–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nichols, G.E. (1934) The influence of winter temperatures upon seed germination in various native American plants. Ecology 15, 364–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikolaeva, M.G. (1969) Physiology of deep dormancy in seeds. Leningrad, Izdatel'stvo ‘Nauka’. (Translated from Russian by Z. Shapiro, NSF, Washington, DC.)Google Scholar
Nikolaeva, M.G. (1977) Factors controlling the seed dormancy pattern. pp. 54–74in Khan, A.A. (Ed.) The physiology and biochemistry of seed dormancy and germination. Amsterdam, North-Holland.Google Scholar
Pringle, J.S. (1973) Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae) adventive in Ontario. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 87, 54–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radford, A.E., Ahles, H.E. and Bell, C.R. (1968) Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Rehder, A. (1940) Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in North America. New York, Macmillan.Google Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. (1985) SAS user's guide: statistics. Cary, NC, SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Stokes, P. (1965) Temperature and seed dormancy. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology 15 (2), 746–803.Google Scholar
Swingle, C.F. (1939) Seed propagation of trees, shrubs, and forbs for conservation planting. SCS-TP-27. Washington, DC, USDA Soil Conservation Service.Google Scholar
Trisel, D.E. (1997) The invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder (Caprifoliaceae): factors contributing to its success and its effect on native species. PhD Thesis, Miami University, Oxford, OH.Google Scholar
US Department of Agriculture (USDA) (1898) Inventory no. 1: Foreign seeds and plants imported by the Section of Seed and Plant Introduction. Washington, DC, USDA Division of Botany.Google Scholar
Walck, J.L., Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (1999) Seeds of Thalictrum mirabile (Ranunculaceae) require cold stratification for loss of nondeep simple morphophysiological dormancy. Canadian Journal of Botany 77, 1769–1776.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WallisA.L., Jr. A.L., Jr. (1977) (Compiler and editor) Comparative climatic data through 1976. National Climatic Data Center. Environmental Data Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Asheville, NC, US Department of Commerce.Google Scholar
Wyman, D. (1949) Shrubs and vines for American gardens. New York, Macmillan.Google Scholar