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Variables Associated with Emotional Symptom Severity in Primary Care Patients: The Usefulness of a Logistic Regression Equation to Help Clinical Assessment and Treatment Decisions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2023

Ángel Aguilera-Martín Open the ORCID record for Ángel Aguilera-Martín [Opens in a new window] ,
Mario Gálvez-Lara Open the ORCID record for Mario Gálvez-Lara [Opens in a new window] ,
Roger Muñoz-Navarro Open the ORCID record for Roger Muñoz-Navarro [Opens in a new window] ,
César González-Blanch Open the ORCID record for César González-Blanch [Opens in a new window] ,
Paloma Ruiz-Rodríguez Open the ORCID record for Paloma Ruiz-Rodríguez [Opens in a new window] ,
Antonio Cano-Videl Open the ORCID record for Antonio Cano-Videl [Opens in a new window]  and
Juan Antonio Moriana Open the ORCID record for Juan Antonio Moriana [Opens in a new window]
Ángel Aguilera-Martín
Affiliation:
Universidad de Córdoba (Spain) Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (Spain)
Mario Gálvez-Lara*
Affiliation:
Universidad de Córdoba (Spain) Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (Spain)
Roger Muñoz-Navarro
Affiliation:
Universitat de Vàlencia (Spain)
César González-Blanch
Affiliation:
Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (Spain)
Paloma Ruiz-Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Centro de Salud Castilla La Nueva del Servicio de Salud de la Comunidad de Madrid (Spain)
Antonio Cano-Videl
Affiliation:
Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain)
Juan Antonio Moriana
Affiliation:
Universidad de Córdoba (Spain) Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (Spain)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mario Gálvez-Lara. Universidad de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y Psicología. Departamento de Psicología. Calle San Alberto Magno, s/n. 14071 Córdoba. E-mail: mario.galvez@uco.es
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Abstract

The aim of this study is to contribute to the evidence regarding variables related to emotional symptom severity and to use them to exemplify the potential usefulness of logistic regression for clinical assessment at primary care, where most of these disorders are treated. Cross-sectional data related to depression and anxiety symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life (QoL), and emotion-regulation processes were collected from 1,704 primary care patients. Correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted to identify those variables associated with both depression and anxiety. Participants were then divided into severe and nonsevere emotional symptoms, and binomial logistic regression was used to identify the variables that contributed the most to classify the severity. The final adjusted model included psychological QoL (p < .001, odds ratio [OR] = .426, 95% CI [.318, .569]), negative metacognitions (p < .001, OR = 1.083, 95% CI [1.045, 1.122]), physical QoL (p < .001, OR = .870, 95% CI [.841, .900]), brooding rumination (p < .001, OR = 1.087, 95% CI [1.042, 1.133]), worry (p < .001, OR = 1.047, 95% CI [1.025, 1.070]), and employment status (p = .022, OR [.397, 2.039]) as independent variables, ρ2 = .326, area under the curve (AUC) = .857. Moreover, rumination and psychological QoL emerged as the best predictors to form a simplified equation to determine the emotional symptom severity (ρ2 = .259, AUC = .822). The use of statistical models like this could accelerate the assessment and treatment-decision process, depending less on the subjective point of view of clinicians and optimizing health care resources.

Keywords

binomial logistic regressionemotional disorderspredictors of symptom severityprimary caretransdiagnostic
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 26 , 2023 , e24
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Madrid

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Footnotes

Acknowledgement: We thank all the health centers and professionals that collaborated to collect the data.

Funding Statement: The present work has been funded by a grant awarded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación to Juan A. Moriana (PID2019–107243RB–C22) and Antonio Cano-Vindel (PID2019–107243RB–C21). Additionally, the clinical trial whose data were used in this paper was supported by grants awarded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación to Antonio Cano-Vindel (PSI2012–36589) and Juan A. Moriana (PSI2014–56368–R).

Conflicts of Interest: None.

Data Sharing: Data and study materials can be obtained from the authors under reasonable requirement.

Authorship credit: Conceptualization: JAM, AAM, MGL; Data Curation: AAM; Formal Analysis: AAM; Funding Acquisition: ACV, JAM, CGB; Investigation: ACV, RMN, CGB, PRR, JAM; Methodology: JAM, AAM, MGL, ACV, RMN, CGB, PRR; Project Administration: ACV, JAM, CGB; Resources: AVC, JAM, CGB; Supervision: MGL, JAM; Validation: AAM; Visualization: AAM; Writing – Original Draft: AAM; Writing – Review & Editing: AAM, MGL, JAM, CGB, ACV, RMN, PRR.

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