Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-09T16:08:04.318Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Increased Serum Calcium and Phosphorus with the ‘Switch’ into Manic or Excited Psychotic States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

John Scott Carman ,
Robert M. Post ,
Deborah C. Runkle ,
William E. Bunney Jr  and
Richard Jed Wyatt
John Scott Carman
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, U.S.A.
Robert M. Post
Affiliation:
Adult Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
Deborah C. Runkle
Affiliation:
Adult Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
William E. Bunney Jr
Affiliation:
Adult Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
Richard Jed Wyatt
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Clinical Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Small but statistically significant increases in serum total calcium and serum inorganic phosphorus coincided with repeated onsets of psychotic agitation or mania in nine psychotic in-patients experiencing rapid cycles of illness. These increases were not accompanied by changes in magnesium or other constituents, which might suggest non-specific haemoconcentration. Similar increases in calcium or phosphorus were not present in patients without the same cycles of psychotic illness. The observed increases could neither be simulated nor altered by stress or activity, and it remains unclear whether they might be accounted for by dietary changes, sleep disruption, circadian phase shifts or by endocrine alterations.

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 135 , Issue 1 , July 1979 , pp. 55 - 61
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amador, E. & Urban, J. (1972) Simplified serum phosphorus analyses by continuous-flow ultra-violet spectrophotometry. Clinical Chemistry, 18, 601–4.Google Scholar
Bojanovsky, J., Kock, W. & Tolle, R. (1974) Electrolyte changes with antidepressive therapy: sleep deprivation and thymoleptic medication. Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 218, 379–86.Google Scholar
Bunney, W. E. & Hamburg, D. R. (1963) Methods for reliable longitudinal observation of behaviour. Archives of General Psychiatry, 9, 280–94.Google Scholar
Carman, J. S., Post, R. M., Goodwin, F. K. & Bunney, W. E. (1977) Calcium and electroconvulsive therapy of severe depressive illness. Biological Psychiatry, 12, 5–17.Google ScholarPubMed
Carman, J. S., Post, R. M., Teplitz, T. A., Goodwin, F. K. & Bunney, W. E. (1974) Calcium, ECT, lithium and mood. Presented at the 127th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; Detroit, May 4–8.Google Scholar
Carman, J. S. & Wyatt, R. J. (1977) Alterations in CSF and serum total calcium with changes in psychiatric state, in Neuroregulators and Psychiatric Disorders (eds. Usdin, E., Hamburg, D. A., Barchas, J. D.). pp 488–94. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fischback, V. R. (1971) Changes in calcium metabolism in depression and during medication with thymoleptics. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 21, 27–8.Google Scholar
Gerner, R. H., Post, R. M., Jimerson, D. C. & Goodwin, F. K. (1975) Effects of sleep deprivation on mood and central amine metabolism in depressed patients. Presented at the 128th annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; Anaheim, May 5–9.Google Scholar
Gochman, N. & Givelber, H. (1970) Automated, simultaneous micro-determination of calcium and magnesium by atomic absorption. Clinical Chemistry, 16, 219–34.Google Scholar
Graziani, L., Escriva, A. & Milkman, R. (1965) Exchange of calcium between blood, brain and CSF. American Journal of Physiology, 208, 1058–64.Google Scholar
Green, R., Bigelow, L., O'Brien, P., Stahl, R. & Wyatt, R. J. (1977) The inpatient behavioural rating scale: a 26-item scale for recording nursing observations of patients' mood and behaviour. Psychological Reports, 40, 543–9.Google Scholar
Henry, G. W. & Ebeling, W. E. (1925) Blood calcium and phosphorus in the personality disorders: effect of U–V radiation. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 16, 48–54.Google Scholar
Jimerson, D. C., Post, R. M., Carman, J. S., Van Kammen, D. P., Wood, J. H., Goodwin, F. K. & Bunney, W. E. (1976) CSF calcium and depression. Presented at the 129th annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; Miami, May 7–11.Google Scholar
Jubiz, W., Canterbury, J. M., Reiss, E. & Tyler, F. H. (1972) Circadian rhythm in serum parathyroid hormone concentration in human subjects: correlation with serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and growth hormone levels. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 51, 2040–52.Google Scholar
Malm, O. J. (1958) Calcium requirement and adaptation in adult men. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, 10, (Suppl. 36), 1–290.Google Scholar
McBean, L. D. & Speckman, E. W. (1974) A recognition of the interrelationship of calcium with various dietary components. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 27, 603–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merritt, H. H. & Bauer, E. (1931) Equilibrium between cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma: calcium content of serum, cerebrospinal fluid and acqueous humour at different levels of parathyroid activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 90, 233–46.Google Scholar
Potts, J. T. & Deftos, L. F. (1969) Parathyroid hormone, thyrocalcitonin, vitamin D, bone and bone mineral metabolism, in Diseases of Metabolism (ed. Bondy, P. K.). Philadelphia: Saunders.Google Scholar
Richter, C. P., Honeyman, W. & Hunter, H. (1940) Behaviour and mood cycles apparently related to parathyroid insufficiency. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 3, 19–26.Google Scholar
Snowdon, J. A., Macfie, A. C. & Pearce, J. B. (1976) Hypocalcemic myopathy with paranoid psychosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 39, 48–52.Google Scholar
Spanos, E., Pike, J. W., Haussler, M. R., Colston, K. W., Evans, I. M. A., Goldner, A. M., McCain, T. A. & MacIntyre, I. (1976) Circulating 1 a, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D in the chicken: enhancement by injection of prolactin and during egg laying. Life Sciences, 19, 1751–56.Google Scholar
Speijer, N. (1950) Treatment of a periodical psychosis (degenerative psychosis) based upon haematological and biochemical deviations from the normal. Folia Psychiatrica Neurologica et Neurochirurgica Neerlandica, 53, 718–26.Google ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R., Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1975) Clinical criteria for psychiatric diagnosis and DSM–III. American Journal of Psychiatry, 132, 1186–92.Google Scholar
Stecolnicov, L. I. (1969) Physicochemical study of cerebrospinal fluid under thyrocalcitonin action. Biofizika, 14, 921–5.Google Scholar
Ueno, Y., Aoki, N., Yabuki, T. & Kuraishi, F. (1961) Electrolyte metabolism in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in psychoses. Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica, 15, 304–26.Google ScholarPubMed
Wehr, T. & Goodwin, F. K. (1975) Biorhythms and manic-depressive illness. Presented at the 128th annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; Anaheim, May 5–9.Google Scholar
Weston, P. G. & Howard, M. Q. (1922) The determination of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the blood and spinal fluid of patients suffering from manic-depressive insanity. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 8, 179–83.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.