Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x24gv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-23T15:50:09.130Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparison of nitrogen use by two population densities of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Elizabeth A. Wahle  and
John B. Masiunas
Elizabeth A. Wahle
Affiliation:
University of Illinois Extension, Edwardsville, IL 62026
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Greenhouse hydroponic and field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on eastern black nightshade growth and N content. After 4 wk in hydroponics, the greatest shoot dry mass occurred in the 5 or 10 mM nitrate treatments. An exponential model was strongly correlated with eastern black nightshade root and shoot growth in the 5 or 10 mM nitrate treatments. Eastern black nightshade reached the exponential stage of growth approximately 21 d after transfer to the nitrate treatments. Root dry mass was only 10% of shoot biomass. There was a substantial increase in height and growth rate when plants were fertilized with 168 kg N ha−1. Eastern black nightshade was at its maximum growth 12 wk after planting, and fresh mass increased with N up to 336 kg N ha−1, the greatest N concentration in the study. The greatest N content was in the upper leaves and the least in the lower stem. These results indicate that eastern black nightshade growth is favored by high rates of N.

Keywords

Eastern black nightshade, Solanum ptycanthum Dun. SOLPTCompetitionnutrientsgrowth analysis
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 3 , June 2003 , pp. 394 - 401
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Asher, C. J. 1978. Natural and synthetic culture media for spermatophytes. Pages 575–609 In Rechcigl, M. Jr., ed. CRC Handbook Series in Nutrition and Food: Culture Media for Microorganisms and Plants. Section G: Diets, Culture Media, Food Supplements. Volume III. Cleveland, OH: CRC.Google Scholar
Basset, I. J. and Murno, D. B. 1985. The biology of Canadian weeds. 67. Solanum ptycanthum Dun., S. nigrum L., and S. sarrachoides Sendt. Can. J. Plant Sci. 65:401–414.Google Scholar
Bugbee, G. J. 1999. Effects of hardwood sawdust in potting media containing biosolids compost on plant growth, fertilizer needs, and nitrogen leaching. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 30:689–698.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S., Horwath, W. R., Shennan, C., Scow, K. M., Lantni, W. T., and Ferris, H. 1999. Nitrogen, weeds and water as yield-limiting factors in conventional, low-input, and organic tomato systems. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 73:257–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crotser, M. P. and Masiunas, J. B. 1998. The effect of weed-free period and nitrogen on eastern black nightshade competition with English pea. Hortscience. 33:88–91.Google Scholar
Demeyer, K. and Dejaegere, R. 1997. Nitrogen and alkaloid accumulation and partitioning in Datura stramonium L. Herbs Spices Med. Plants. 5:15–24.Google Scholar
DiTomaso, J. M. 1995. Approaches for improving crop competitiveness through the manipulation of fertilization strategies. Weed Sci. 43:491–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyck, E. and Liebman, M. 1994. Soil fertility as a factor in weed control: the effect of crimson clover residue, synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, and their interaction on emergence and early growth of lambsquarters and sweet corn. Plant Soil. 167:227–237.Google Scholar
Garnier, E., Gobin, O., and Poorter, H. 1995. Nitrogen productivity depends on photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and on nitrogen allocation within the plant. Ann. Bot. 76:667–672.Google Scholar
Gonzalez Ponce, R. and Salas, M. L. 1999. Differential utilization of nitrates by solanaceous species, crops (tomato and pepper) and weeds (black nightshade and thorn apple). J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 74:254–258.Google Scholar
Gonzalez Ponce, R., Zancada, C., Verdugo, M., and Salas, L. 1996. Plant height as a factor in competition between black nightshade and two horticultural crops (tomato and pepper). J. Hortic. Sci. 71:453–460.Google Scholar
Hauck, R. D., Meisinger, J. J., and Mulvaney, R. L. 1994. Practical considerations in the use of nitrogen tracers in agricultural and environmental research. Pages 907–950 In Weaver, R. W. et al., eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Soil Science Society of America Book series no. 5. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Iqbal, J. and Wright, D. 1997. Effects of nitrogen supply on competition between wheat and three annual weed species. Weed Res. 37:391–400.Google Scholar
McGiffen, M. E. Jr. and Masiunas, J. B. 1991. Postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in tomato. Weed Technol. 5:739–745.Google Scholar
McGiffen, M. E. Jr. and Masiunas, J. B. 1992. Prediction of black and eastern black nightshade (Solanum nigrum and S. ptycanthum) growth using degree-days. Weed Sci. 40:86–89.Google Scholar
McGiffen, M. E. Jr., Masiunas, J. B., and Hesketh, J. D. 1992a. Competition for light between tomatoes and nightshades (Solanum nigrum or S. ptycanthum). Weed Sci. 40:220–226.Google Scholar
McGiffen, M. E. Jr., Masiunas, J. B., and Huck, M. G. 1992b. Tomato and nightshade (Solanum nigrum L. and S. ptycanthum Dun.) effects on soil water content. J. Am. Hortic. Sci. 117:730–735.Google Scholar
McGiffen, M. E. Jr., Pantone, D. J., and Masiunas, J. B. 1994. Path analysis of tomato yield components in relation to competition with black and eastern black nightshade. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 119:6–11.Google Scholar
Mulvaney, R. L. 1996. Nitrogen-inorganic forms. Pages 324–376 In Sparks, D. L. et al., eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America Book series no. 5. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Norman, J. N., Edberg, J. C., and Stucki, J. W. 1985. Determination of nitrate in soil extracts by dual-wavelength ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:1182–1185.Google Scholar
Norman, R. J. and Stucki, J. W. 1981. The determination of nitrate and nitrite in soil extracts by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 45:347–353.Google Scholar
Perez, F.G.M. and Masiunas, J. B. 1990. Eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) interference in processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Weed Sci. 38:385–388.Google Scholar
Qasem, J. R. 1992. Nutrient accumulation by weeds and their associated vegetable crops. J. Hortic. Sci. 67:189–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qasem, J. R. 1993. Root growth, development and nutrient uptake of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Chenopodium album . Weed Res. 33:35–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Resh, H. M. 1995. Hydroponic Food Production. Santa Barbara, CA: Woodbridge. 412 p.Google Scholar
Sainju, U. M., Singh, B. P., and Rahman, S. 2000. Tomato root growth is influenced by tillage, cover cropping, and nitrogen fertilization. Hortscience. 35:78–82.Google Scholar
Sanchez, C. A. and Doerge, T. A. 1999. Using nutrient uptake patterns to develop efficient nitrogen management strategies for vegetables. Hortic. Technol. 9:601–606.Google Scholar
Stevens, W. B., Mulvaney, R. L., Khan, S. A., and Hoeft, R. G. 2000. Improved diffusion methods for nitrogen and 15nitrogen analysis of Kjeldahl digests. J. Assoc. Official Anal. Chem. Int. 83:1039–1046.Google Scholar
Torok, K., Szili-Kovacs, T., Halassy, M., Toth, T., Hayek, Z., Paschke, M. W., and Wardell, L. J. 1998. Immobilization of soil nitrogen as a possible method for the restoration of sandy grassland. Appl. Veg. Sci. 3:7–14.Google Scholar
[UICES] University of Illinois Cooperative Extension Service. 2001. Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Extension Circular C1373. pp. 137–148.Google Scholar
Weaver, S. E., Smits, N., and Tan, C. S. 1987. Estimating yield losses of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) caused by nightshade (Solanum spp.) interference. Weed Sci. 35:163–168.Google Scholar
Yu, C. Y. and Masiunas, J. B. 1992. Characterization of acifluorfen tolerance in selected somaclones of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum Dun.). Weed Sci. 40:408–412.Google Scholar