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Distribution of Conyza sp. in Orchards of California and Response to Glyphosate and Paraquat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Marcelo L. Moretti ,
Lynn M. Sosnoskie ,
Anil Shrestha ,
Steven D. Wright ,
Kurt J. Hembree ,
Marie Jasieniuk  and
Bradley D. Hanson
Marcelo L. Moretti*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences MS4, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Lynn M. Sosnoskie
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences MS4, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Anil Shrestha
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, California State University, 2415 E. San Ramon Ave, Fresno, CA 93740
Steven D. Wright
Affiliation:
University of California Cooperative Extension, 4437 S. Laspina St., Tulare, CA 93274
Kurt J. Hembree
Affiliation:
University of California Cooperative Extension, 550 E. Shaw Avenue, Suite 210-B, Fresno, CA 93710
Marie Jasieniuk
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences MS4, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Bradley D. Hanson
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences MS4, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: mlmoretti@ucdavis.edu
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Abstract

Resistance to glyphosate in hairy fleabane and horseweed is a problem in orchards and vineyards in California. Population genetic analyses suggest that glyphosate resistance evolved multiple times in both species, but it is unknown if resistance to other herbicides is also present. Two approaches of research were undertaken to further evaluate herbicide resistance in Conyza sp. in the perennial crop systems of California. In the initial study, the distribution of Conyza sp. in the Central Valley, using a semistructured field survey, was coupled with evaluation of the presence and level of glyphosate resistance in plants grown from field-collected seed. In a subsequent study, single-seed descendants representing distinct genetic groups were self-pollinated in the greenhouse and these accessions were evaluated for response to glyphosate and paraquat. Conyza sp. were commonly found throughout the Central Valley and glyphosate-resistant individuals were confirmed in all field collections of both species. The level of glyphosate resistance among field collections varied from 5- to 21-fold compared with 50% glyphosate resistance (GR50) of the susceptible, with exception of one region with a GR50 similar to the susceptible. When self-pollinated accessions from different genetic groups were screened, the level of glyphosate resistance, on the basis of GR50 values, ranged from 1.7- to 42.5-fold in hairy fleabane, and 5.9- to 40.3-fold in horseweed. Three accessions of hairy fleabane from different genetic groups were also resistant to paraquat (40.1- to 352.5-fold). One glyphosate-resistant horseweed accession was resistant to paraquat (322.8-fold), which is the first confirmed case in California. All paraquat-resistant accessions of Conyza sp. identified so far have also been resistant to glyphosate, probably because glyphosate resistance is already widespread in the state. Because glyphosate and paraquat resistances are found across a wide geographical range and in accessions from distinct genetic groups, multiple resistant Conyza sp. likely developed independently several times in California.

Keywords

Glyphosateparaquathairy fleabane, Conyza bonariensis L. (Cronq.)horseweed, Conyza canadensis L. (Cronq.)Dose responseglyphosate resistancemultiple resistance
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 339 - 347
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Vijay Nandula, Mississippi State University.

References

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