Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-12T15:51:56.133Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of nitrogen addition on the comparative productivity of corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Darren C. Barker ,
Stevan Z. Knezevic ,
Alex R. Martin ,
Daniel T. Walters  and
John L. Lindquist
Darren C. Barker
Affiliation:
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., York, NE 68467
Stevan Z. Knezevic
Affiliation:
Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Concord, NE 68728
Alex R. Martin
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915
Daniel T. Walters
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Weeds that respond more to nitrogen fertilizer than crops may be more competitive under high nitrogen (N) conditions. Therefore, understanding the effects of nitrogen on crop and weed growth and competition is critical. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in 1999 and 2000 to determine the influence of varying levels of N addition on corn and velvetleaf height, leaf area, biomass accumulation, and yield. Nitrogen addition increased corn and velvetleaf height by a maximum of 15 and 68%, respectively. N addition increased corn and velvetleaf maximum leaf area index (LAI) by up to 51 and 90%. Corn and velvetleaf maximum biomass increased by up to 68 and 89% with N addition. Competition from corn had the greatest effect on velvetleaf growth, reducing its biomass by up to 90% compared with monoculture velvetleaf. Corn response to N addition was less than that of velvetleaf, indicating that velvetleaf may be most competitive at high levels of nitrogen and least competitive when nitrogen levels are low. Corn yield declined with increasing velvetleaf interference at all levels of N addition. However, corn yield loss due to velvetleaf interference was similar across N treatments except in one site–year, where yield loss increased with increasing N addition. Corn yield loss due to velvetleaf interference may increase with increasing N supply when velvetleaf emergence and early season growth are similar to that of corn.

Keywords

Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medic. ABUTHcorn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 33A14’Functional growth analysisfunctional equilibriumleaf area indexoptimal partitioningnitrogen use efficiency
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , April 2006 , pp. 354 - 363
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Agren, G. I. and Ingestad, T. 1987. Root:shoot ratio as a balance between nitrogen productivity and photosynthesis. Plant Cell Environ 10:579–586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, S. A. and Cushman, J. H. 1981. Nitrogen uptake model for agronomic crops. Pages 382–409 in Iskander, J. K. ed. Modeling Wastewater Renovation—Land Treatment. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Benner, B. L. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1985. Response of the annual Abutilon theophrasti Medic (Malvaceae) to timing of nutrient availability. Am. J. Bot 72:320–323.Google Scholar
Benner, B. L. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1987. Effects of timing of nutrient addition on competition within and between two annual plant species. J. Ecol 75:229–245.Google Scholar
Bonifas, K. D., Walters, D. T., Cassman, K. G., and Lindquist, J. L. 2005. The effects of nitrogen supply on root:shoot ratio in corn and velvetleaf. Weed Sci 53:670–675.Google Scholar
Bonifas, K. D. and Lindquist, J. L. 2006. Predicting biomass partitioning to root versus shoot in corn and velvetleaf. Weed Sci 54:133–137.Google Scholar
Carlson, H. L. and Hill, J. E. 1985. Wild oat (Avena fatua) competition with spring wheat: effects of nitrogen fertilization. Weed Sci 34:29–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casper, B. B. and Cahill, J. F. Jr. 1996. Limited effects of soil heterogeneity on populations of Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae). Am. J. Bot 83:333–341.Google Scholar
Claassen, M. M. and Shaw, R. H. 1970a. Water deficit effects on corn, I: vegetative components. Agron. J 62:649–652.Google Scholar
Claassen, M. M. and Shaw, R. H. 1970b. Water deficit effects on corn, II: yield. Agron. J 62:649–652.Google Scholar
Denmead, O. T. and Shaw, R. H. 1960. The effects of soil moisture stress at different stages of growth on the development and yield of corn. Agron. J 52:272–274.Google Scholar
DiTomaso, J. M. 1995. Approaches for improving crop competitiveness through the manipulation of fertilization strategies. Weed Sci 43:491–497.Google Scholar
Downey, L. A. 1971. Effects of gypsum and drought stress on maize (Zea mays L.), I: growth, light absorption, and yield. Agron. J 63:569–572.Google Scholar
Graven, L. M. and Carter, P. R. 1991. Seed quality effect on corn performance under conventional and no-tillage systems. J. Prod. Agric 4:366–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harbur, M. M. and Owen, M. D. K. 2004. Light and growth rate effects on crop and weed responses to nitrogen. Weed Sci 52:578–583.Google Scholar
Hikosaka, K. 2005. Leaf canopy as a dynamic system: ecophysiology and optimality in leaf turnover. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 95:521–533.Google Scholar
Hunt, R. 1982. Plant Growth Curves: The Functional Approach to Plant Growth Analysis. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press. Pp. 135–144.Google Scholar
Jurgens, S. K., Johnson, R. R., and Boyer, J. S. 1978. Dry matter production and translocation in corn subjected to drought during grain fill. Agron. J 70:678–682.Google Scholar
Lindquist, J. L. 2001. Light-saturated CO2 assimilation rates of corn and velvetleaf in response to leaf nitrogen and development stage. Weed Sci 49:706–710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindquist, J. L. and Mortensen, D. A. 1999. Ecophysiological characteristics of four maize hybrids and Abutilon theophrasti . Weed Res 39:271–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littell, R. C., Milliken, G. A., Stroup, W. W., and Wolfinger, R. D. 1996. SAS System for Mixed Models. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.Google Scholar
Nieto, J. H. and Staniforth, D. W. 1961. Corn–foxtail competition under various production conditions. Agron. J 53:1–5.Google Scholar
Okafor, L. I. and DeDatta, S. K. 1976. Competition between upland rice and purple nutsedge for nitrogen, moisture and light. Weed Sci 24:43–46.Google Scholar
Parrish, J. A. D. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1982a. Response of plants from three successional communities to a nutrient gradient. J. Ecol 70:233–248.Google Scholar
Parrish, J. A. D. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1982b. Competitive interactions in plant communities of different successional ages. Ecology 63:314–320.Google Scholar
Perez-Leroux, H. A. J. and Long, S. D. 1994. Growth analysis of contrasting cultivars of Zea mays L. at different rates of nitrogen supply. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 73:507–513.Google Scholar
Qasem, J. R. 1992. Nutrient accumulation by weeds and their associated vegetable crops. J. Hortic. Sci 67:189–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radin, J. W. 1983. Control of plant growth by nitrogen: differences between cereals and broadleaf species. Plant Cell Environ 6:65–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1990. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 6, 4th ed. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. Pp. 1135–1193.Google Scholar
Sinclair, T. R. and Muchow, R. C. 1995. Effects of nitrogen supply on maize yield, I: modeling physiological responses. Agron. J 87:632–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tollenaar, M., Nissanka, S. P., Aguilera, A., Weise, S. F., and Swanton, C. J. 1994. Effect of weed interference and soil nitrogen on four corn hybrids. Agron. J 86:596–601.Google Scholar
Wienhold, B. J., Trooien, T. P., and Reichman, G. A. 1995. Yield and nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated corn in the Northern Great Plains. Agron. J 87:842–846.Google Scholar
Wulff, R. D. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1992. Effect of the parental nutrient regime on growth of the progeny in Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae). Am. J. Bot 79:1102–1107.Google Scholar