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Gene expression and target-site mutations are associated with resistance to ALS inhibitors in annual sedge (Cyperus compressus) biotypes from Georgia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 August 2020

Jialin Yu Open the ORCID record for Jialin Yu [Opens in a new window] ,
Patrick E. McCullough ,
J. Scott McElroy ,
David Jespersen  and
Donn G. Shilling
Jialin Yu
Affiliation:
Professor, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
Patrick E. McCullough*
Affiliation:
Professor, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
J. Scott McElroy
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
David Jespersen
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
Donn G. Shilling
Affiliation:
Professor, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Patrick E. McCullough, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA30223. (Email: pmccull@uga.edu)
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Abstract

Annual sedge (Cyperus compressus L.) populations with resistance to halosulfuron were identified in turfgrass at two new locations in Georgia. Research was conducted to evaluate (1) resistance levels to two acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, (2) ALS enzyme susceptibility, (3) genetic differences associated with resistance, and (4) differential levels of ALS gene expression in these biotypes. In dose–response experiments, the biotypes were >160 times resistant to halosulfuron but only 12 times more resistant to imazaquin compared with a susceptible biotype. In vitro enzyme assays indicated that resistant (R) biotypes required 6.1-fold greater concentrations of imazaquin to reduce ALS activity 50% compared with the susceptible (S) biotype. Both R biotypes had a similar Pro-197-Ser amino acid substitution in the ALS gene that confers resistance to sulfonylureas. Compared with the S biotype, R biotypes had 4.4 times higher ALS gene expression than the S biotype. No differences in gene copy number were found between any biotypes for the ALS gene. Overall, ALS-resistant C. compressus selected by halosulfuron use in turfgrass may be exhibiting partial susceptibility to imazaquin but complete resistance to sulfonylureas. Differential levels of susceptibility to ALS inhibitors for these biotypes are associated with the Pro-197-Ser substitution and enhanced expression of the ALS gene.

Keywords

Herbicidesulfonylureastarget-site resistanceturfgrassweeds
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 68 , Issue 5 , September 2020 , pp. 460 - 466
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Vipan Kumar, Kansas State University

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