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A “Stressed” Alfalfa-Based Cropping System Leads to the Selection of Quizalofop-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Alberto Collavo ,
Silvia Panozzo ,
Antonio Allegri  and
Maurizio Sattin
Alberto Collavo
Affiliation:
Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF)—CNR, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
Silvia Panozzo
Affiliation:
Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF)—CNR, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
Antonio Allegri
Affiliation:
Consorzio Agrario Ravenna, via Madonna di Genova 39, 48010 Cotignola (RA), Italy
Maurizio Sattin*
Affiliation:
Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF)—CNR, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
*
Corresponding author's Email: maurizio.sattin@ibaf.cnr.it
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Abstract

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Italian ryegrass populations investigated in this study were harvested in an alfalfa-based cropping system. In that system, the agronomic practices and chemical weed management, based on the use of aryloxyphenoxy-propionates herbicides (i.e., quizalofop ethyl ester), were optimized to obtain a dual seed–forage production. Five of seven populations tested were confirmed resistant to quizalofop ethyl ester with resistance indexes ranging from 4.5 to >209. Both target- and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms were most likely involved. Three allelic variants were detected (Ile-1781–Leu, Trp-2027–Cys, and Ile-2041–Asn) in four resistant populations, whereas no known mutations were found in one resistant population. The herbicide treatment on Italian ryegrass plants at different phenological stages suggested that to control regrowth, it is necessary to use two to fives times the herbicide dose suitable for younger plants. This situation is encountered in fields when Italian ryegrass plants need to be controlled to maximize the alfalfa seed production, and it is comparable to using a sublethal herbicide dose, leading to the selection of herbicide-resistant biotypes. In such a situation, the cropping system is not sustainable, and integrated weed management should be implemented to deplete the soil weed seed bank and prevent new weed seed production.

Keywords

Quizalofop ethyl esterItalian ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot, LOLMUalfalfa, Medicago sativa L.ACCase inhibitorscross-resistanceherbicide efficacyherbicide resistancephenological stagetarget-site resistance mechanism
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 4 , December 2016 , pp. 683 - 694
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - SA
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons license is included and the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 by the Weed Science Society of America

Footnotes

Associate editor for this paper: Franck E. Dayan, USDA-ARS.

Current address: Bayer CropScience AG, Industriepark Hoechst, H872 D-65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

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