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Effect of Herbicides on Field Violet (Viola arvensis) in Direct-Seeded Spring Wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rory F. Degenhardt ,
Dean Spaner ,
K. Neil Harker ,
William R. Mcgregor  and
Linda M. Hall
Rory F. Degenhardt*
Affiliation:
Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
Dean Spaner
Affiliation:
Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
K. Neil Harker
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, Lacombe, AB, Canada T4L 1W1
William R. Mcgregor
Affiliation:
Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada T6E 5Z8
Linda M. Hall
Affiliation:
University of Alberta and Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: rfd014@mail.usasu.ca
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Abstract

The agrestal field violet, a pervasive weed in Europe, has been identified in reduced-tillage cereal fields in Alberta. The efficacy of herbicides in direct-seeded spring wheat was assessed on natural field violet infestations in Alberta in 2002 and 2003. Only fluroxypyr + 2,4-D, applied postemergence, provided control of field violet in 2002 when rainfall was limiting. Over both years, this herbicide combination reduced biomass by 59 to 69% and plant density by 83 to 91%, relative to nontreated plots. The herbicides metsulfuron, sulfosulfuron, and thifensulfuron + tribenuron only suppressed weed growth under drought conditions in 2002 but controlled the weed in 2003 when rainfall was greater, reducing plant density by 82 to 92% and rendering remaining plants sterile. Suppression was also observed with MCPA + mecoprop + dicamba in 2002 and 2003 and with metribuzin only in 2003. Effective control of field violet was conferred by a pre–crop emergence application of glyphosate at 445 g ae/ha in 2003, the only year that this treatment was evaluated. Activity of herbicides on three- to four-leaf seedlings was also evaluated in a greenhouse dose– response assay. All herbicides had greater efficacy in the greenhouse, and those that provided control in situ reduced field violet dry weight by 85% at less than the recommended rate used in field experiments. Management of field violet is possible with herbicides registered for use on spring wheat in Alberta. However, the weed does not appear to cause significant crop production losses; hence, herbicide selection should be based on knowledge of all weed species present within the field.

Keywords

2,4-DdicambafluroxypyrglyphosateMCPAmecopropmetribuzinmetsulfuronsulfosulfuronthifensulfurontribenuronfield violet, Viola arvensis Murr. # VIOARhard red spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘AC Barrie’Bentazondirect seededherbicide evaluationlinuronmetribuzinweed controlALS, acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18)ED50, effective herbicide dose necessary to cause a 50% reduction in weed dry weightED85, effective herbicide dose necessary to cause an 85% reduction in weed dry weightPOST, postemergencePREPLANT, pre–crop emergenceRU, reproductive unitsWAT, weeks after treatment
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , June 2005 , pp. 359 - 371
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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