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Effect of planting time and row spacing on growth and seed production of junglerice (Echinochloa colona) and feather fingergrass (Chloris virgata) in sorghum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2021

Caleb Squires ,
Gulshan Mahajan Open the ORCID record for Gulshan Mahajan [Opens in a new window] ,
Michael Walsh  and
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Caleb Squires
Affiliation:
Post Doctoral Fellow, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, CamdenNSW, Australia
Gulshan Mahajan*
Affiliation:
Current: Research Fellow, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia; former: Principal Agronomist, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
Michael Walsh
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, CamdenNSW, Australia
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Affiliation:
Current: Professor, The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia; former: Adjunct Professor, Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India.
*
Author for correspondence: Gulshan Mahajan, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland4343, Australia Email: g.mahajan@uq.edu.au
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Abstract

Junglerice and feather fingergrass are major problematic weeds in the summer sorghum cropping areas of Australia. This study aimed to investigate the growth and seed production of junglerice and feather fingergrass in crop-free (fallow) conditions and under competition with sorghum planted in 50-cm and 100-cm row spacings at three sorghum planting and weed emergence timings. Results revealed that junglerice and feather fingergrass had greater biomass in early planting (November 11) compared to late planting times (January 11). Under fallow conditions, seed production of junglerice ranged from 12,380 to 20,280 seeds plant–1, with the highest seed production for the December 11 and lowest for the January 11 planting. Seed production of feather fingergrass under fallow conditions ranged from 90,030 to 143,180 seeds plant–1. Seed production of feather fingergrass under crop-free (fallow) conditions was similar for November 11 and December 11 planting times, but higher for the January 11 planting. Sorghum crop competition at both row spacings reduced the seed production of junglerice and feather fingergrass >75% compared to non-crop fallow. Narrow row spacing (50 cm) in early and mid-planted sorghum (November 11 and December 11) reduced the biomass of junglerice to a greater extent (88% to 92% over fallow-grown plants) compared to wider row spacing (100 cm). Narrow row spacing was found superior in reducing biomass of feather fingergrass compared to wider row spacing. Our results demonstrate that sorghum crops can substantially reduce biomass and seed production of junglerice and feather fingergrass through crop competition compared with growth in fallow conditions. Narrow row spacing (50 cm) was found superior to wider row spacing (100 cm) in terms of weed suppression. These results suggest that narrow row spacing and late planting time of sorghum crops can strengthen an integrated weed management program against these weeds by reducing weed growth and seed production.

Keywords

JunglericeEchinochloa colona (L.) Linkfeather fingergrassChloris virgata SwsorghumSorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchDays to seedhead emergenceseed numberweed biomassweed seedbankweed seed production
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 35 , Issue 6 , December 2021 , pp. 974 - 979
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Amit Jhala, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

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