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Influence of Competitive Duration of Blessed Milkthistle (Silybum marianum) with Wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2018

Abdul Rehman ,
Rafi Qamar ,
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar ,
Atique-ur Rehman ,
Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed ,
Muhammad Shoaib ,
Rizwan Maqbool  and
Tasawer Abbas
Abdul Rehman
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Rafi Qamar*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Atique-ur Rehman
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
Muhammad Shoaib
Affiliation:
Agriculture Research Officer, Maize and Millets Research Institute, Yousufwala, Sahiwal, Pakistan
Rizwan Maqbool
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Tasawer Abbas
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
*
Author for correspondence: Rafi Qamar, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan. (Email: rafi.qamar@uos.edu.pk)
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Abstract

Blessed milkthistle is considered to be a noxious weed in irrigated and rainfed areas of Pakistan due to its strong allelopathic effects on food crops. For sustainable wheat production, it is necessary to know the critical time for weed removal (CTWR) for blessed milkthistle to allow wheat growers to get maximum benefit from control of this weed. A field study was conducted in 2014 and 2015 at the College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan, to investigate the CTWR of blessed milkthistle in wheat. The field experiments were designed with seven treatments; weed free (control); 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk after emergence (WAE); and weedy check. At 6 WAE, a significant reduction was noted in plant height (8% and 17%), number of productive tillers per square meter (16% and 16%), spike length (23% and 54%), grains per spike (13% and 34%), 1,000-grain weight (14% and 37%), grain yield (20% and 21%), and biological yield (24% and 50%) compared with control (weed-free plots) during 2014 and 2015, respectively. The logistic model supports the field study results and suggests that blessed milkthistle’s CTWR for wheat is 1 to 5 WAE based on acceptable yield losses of 5% to 15% during both years. The experimental results and logistic model indicate that blessed milkthistle should be controlled within 1 to 5 WAE to get better wheat crop harvests without compromising farmers’ profits. To our knowledge, this is the first study ever in Pakistan regarding the CTWR in terms of WAE of blessed milkthistle and could help other scientists create weed control strategies for other areas of the country.

Keywords

Drew Lyon, Washington State UniversityBlessed milkthistle, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Weed emergenceweed competitioncrop growthgrain yieldweed interference
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , April 2019 , pp. 280 - 286
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

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