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Perennial Crop Nurseries Treated with Methyl Bromide and Alternative Fumigants: Effects on Weed Seed Viability, Weed Densities, and Time Required for Hand Weeding

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Anil Shrestha ,
Greg T. Browne ,
Bruce D. Lampinen ,
Sally M. Schneider ,
Leo Simon  and
Thomas J. Trout
Anil Shrestha*
Affiliation:
University of California Statewide IPM Program, Kearney Agricultural Center, 9240 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648
Greg T. Browne
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Bruce D. Lampinen
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Sally M. Schneider
Affiliation:
Horticulture, Pathogens, & Germplasm, USDA-ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
Leo Simon
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
Thomas J. Trout
Affiliation:
Water Management Research, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO 80526
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: anil@uckac.edu
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Abstract

Data on the efficacy of alternative fumigants to methyl bromide for weed control in perennial crop nurseries in California are needed because few herbicides are registered for this purpose. Field studies were conducted from 2003 to 2006 in four commercial perennial crop nurseries in California. Treatments included a nonfumigated control; methyl bromide (98%) (MeBr) with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film; iodomethane (50%) + chloropicrin (50%) with HDPE film; 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) with HDPE film; 1,3-D (61%) + chloropicrin (35%) with HDPE film; 1,3-D (62%) + chloropicrin (35%) subsurface drip; and 1,3-D (61%) + chloropicrin (35%) with virtually impermeable film (VIF). All the fumigants reduced the seed viability of common purslane, johnsongrass, and tall morningglory but were not as effective on little mallow and field bindweed. Although total weed densities and the level of control provided by each fumigant differed between locations, weed density was generally reduced by all the fumigation treatments, compared to the nonfumigated control. At three locations, alternative fumigation treatments usually resulted in hand-weeding time similar to MeBr. Reductions in weed seed viability, weed emergence, and weed densities suggest that these alternative fumigants will provide weed control similar to MeBr in perennial nurseries.

Keywords

1,3-dichloropropene, chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane), iodomethane, methyl bromide, common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. POROL, field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L. CONAR, little mallow, Malva parviflora L. MALPA, johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. SORHA, tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth PHBPUHerbicideMontreal protocolmulch filmsstratospheric ozoneseed viability
Type
Weed Management — Other Crops/Areas
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 22 , Issue 2 , June 2008 , pp. 267 - 274
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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