Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-mwx4w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-17T02:55:15.943Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Synthesis loss in receiving array antennas and transmission efficiency in the Fresnel region

Part of: Wirelessly Powering: The Future

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2017

Seishiro Kojima ,
Naoki Shinohara  and
Tomohiko Mitani
Seishiro Kojima*
Affiliation:
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
Naoki Shinohara
Affiliation:
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
Tomohiko Mitani
Affiliation:
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
*
Corresponding author: S. Kojima Email: seishiro_kojima@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Get access

Abstract

We address transmission between array antennas in the Fresnel region, where there is a difference between the theoretical and actual transmission efficiencies. In particular, we focus on the effect of synthesis loss in the receiving antenna's power combiner circuit caused by amplitude and phase differences among the signals received by the elements. We designed 24 GHz array antennas and investigated the effect of synthesis loss on transmission efficiency via simulation. The synthesis loss was found to increase for smaller transmitting antenna sizes and larger receiving antenna sizes. In addition, to clarify the origin of the discrepancy between the theoretical and actual efficiency values and accurately estimate the efficiency, we defined four other loss factors and calculated them via simulation. Based on the results obtained, we propose an approximate equation for transmission efficiency in terms of synthesis loss and aperture efficiency. Finally, we calculate the efficiency with the effect of the loss factors included and confirm that the calculated and measured efficiencies are almost identical.

Keywords

Millimeter waveFresnel regionSynthesis lossArray antennaWireless power transfer (WPT)
Type
Wirelessly Powering: The Future
Information
Wireless Power Transfer , Volume 4 , Special Issue 2: Contactless Charging for Electric Vehicles , September 2017 , pp. 120 - 131
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1] Brown, W.C.: The history of power transmission by radio waves. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 32 (9) (1984), 1230–1242.Google Scholar
[2] Shinohara, N.: Power without wires. IEEE Microw. Mag., 12 (7) (2011), S64–S73.Google Scholar
[3] Hatano, K.; Shinohara, N.; Seki, T.; Kawashima, M.: Development of MMIC rectenna at 24 GHz, in Proc. 2013 Radio & Wireless Symp., Austin, Texas, USA, 2013, 199–201.Google Scholar
[4] Ladan, S.; Guntupslli, A.B.; Wu, K.: A high-efficiency 24 GHz rectenna development towards millimeter-wave energy harvesting and wireless power transmission. IEEE Trans. Circuit Syst., 61 (12) (2014), 3358–3366.Google Scholar
[5] Ladan, S.; Wu, K.: Nonlinear modeling harmonic recycling of millimeter-wave rectifier circuit. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 63 (3) (2015), 937–944.Google Scholar
[6] Yoo, T.; Chang, K.: Theoretical and experimental development of 10 and 35 GHz rectennas. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 40 (6) (1922), 1259–1266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[7] Mavaddat, A.; Armaki, S.H.M.; Erfanian, A.R.: Millimeter-wave energy harvesting using 4 × 4 microstrip patch antenna array. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 14 (2015), 515–518.Google Scholar
[8] Mei, H.; Yang, X.; Han, B.; Tan, G.: High-efficiency microstrip rectenna for microwave power transmission at Ka band with low cost. IET Microw. Antenna Propag., 10 (15) (2016), 1648–1655.Google Scholar
[9] Ishizawa, Y.: Efficiency estimation of microwave power transmission antenna system. IEICE, J81-B-II (6) (1998), 592–600 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
[10] Miura, T.; Shinohara, N.; Matsumoto, H.: Experimental study of rectenna connection for microwave power transmission. IEICE B, J82-B (7) (1999), 1374–1383 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
[11] Rossi, M.; Stockman, G.; Rogier, H.; Ginste, D.V.: Stochastic analysis of the efficiency of a wireless power transfer system subject to antenna variability and position uncertainties. Sensors, 16 (7) (2016), 15. doi: 10.3390/s16071100.Google Scholar
[12] Goubau, G.; Schwering, F.: On the guided propagation of electromagnetic wave beams. IRE Trans. Antennas Propag., 9 (3) (1961), 248–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[13] Taylor, T.T.: Design of circular apertures for narrow beamwidth and low sidelobes. IRE Trans. Antennas Propag., 8 (1) (1960), 17–22.Google Scholar
[14] Takeshita, S.: Power transfer efficiency between focused circular antennas with Gaussian illumination in Fresnel region. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., AP-16 (3) (1968), 305–309.Google Scholar
[15] Borgiotti, G.V.: Maximum power transfer between two planar apertures in the Fresnel zone. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., AP-14 (2) (1966), 158–163.Google Scholar
[16] Uno, T.; Adachi, S.: Optimization of aperture illumination for radio wave power transmission. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., AP-32 (6) (1984), 628–632.Google Scholar
[17] Stockman, G.; Rogier, H.; Ginste, D.V.: Dedicated model for the efficient assessment of wireless power transfer in the radiative near-field. Int. J. Numer. Model.: Electron. Netw. Devices Fields, 29 (3) (2016), 380–391.Google Scholar
[18] Lee, J.; Nam, S.: Fundamental aspects of near-field coupling small antennas for wireless power transfer. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 58 (11) (2010), 3442–3449.Google Scholar
[19] Shinohara, N.: Beam efficiency of wireless power transmission via radio waves from short range to long range. J. Korea Electromagn. Eng. Soc., 10 (4) (2010), 224–230.Google Scholar
[20] Otsuka, M. et al. Relation between spacing and receiving efficiency of finite rectenna array. IEICE B-II, J73-B-II (3) (1990), 133–139 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
[21] Adachi, S.; Suzuki, O.; Abe, S.: Receiving efficiency of an infinite phased array antenna above a reflecting plane. IEICE, J64-B (6) (1981), 566–567 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
[22] Matsumuro, T.; et al. A small prototype model for high-efficient microwave power transmission system, in IEICE Tech. Rep., 115 (498), (WPT2015-80), Kyoto, Japan, 2016, 21–26 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
[23] Gowda, V.R.; Yurduseven, O.; Lipworth, G.; Zupan, T.; Reynolds, M.S.; Smith, D.R.: Wireless power transfer in the radiative near-field. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 15 (2016), 1865–1868.Google Scholar
[24] Stutzman, W.L.; Thiele, G.A.: Antenna Theory and Design, 3rd edn. (Wiley, New York, 2012).Google Scholar
[25] Pozar, D.M.: Microwave Engineering, 4th edn. (Wiley, New York, 2011).Google Scholar