Book contents
- The Imperialisation of Assyria
- The Imperialisation of Assyria
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Acknowledgements
- A Note on Chronology
- Introduction
- One A Fragmented World
- Two A City at the Fringe?
- Three The Rise of Assyria
- Four A Patchwork Empire
- Five Practising Empire
- Six Rulers of All the World
- Conclusions
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Bibliography
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 January 2020
Book contents
- The Imperialisation of Assyria
- The Imperialisation of Assyria
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Acknowledgements
- A Note on Chronology
- Introduction
- One A Fragmented World
- Two A City at the Fringe?
- Three The Rise of Assyria
- Four A Patchwork Empire
- Five Practising Empire
- Six Rulers of All the World
- Conclusions
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Imperialisation of AssyriaAn Archaeological Approach, pp. 155 - 182Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2020
References
Adams, R. M. 1974. Anthropological Perspectives on Ancient Trade. Current Anthropology 15: 239–58.Google Scholar
Akkermans, P. M. M. G. 1984. Archäologische Gelandebegehung im Balih-Tal. Archiv für Orientforschung 31: 188–90.Google Scholar
Akkermans, P. M. M. G. 1998. Seals and Seal Impressions from Middle Assyrian Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria. Subartu 4: 243–58.Google Scholar
Akkermans, P. M. M. G. 2006. The Fortress of Ili-pada, Middle Assyrian Architecture at Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria. Subartu 17: 201–12.Google Scholar
Akkermans, P. M. M. G., and Duistermaat, K. 2001. A Middle Assyrian Pottery Kiln at Tell Sabi Abyad. In Meyer, J. W., Novak, M., and Pruß, A., eds., Beiträge zur vorderasiatischen Archäologie Winfried Orthmann gewidmet. Frankfurt am Main: Phillip von Zabern, pp. 12–19.Google Scholar
Akkermans, P. M. M. G., and Schwartz, G. M. 2003. The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (ca. 16000–300 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Akkermans, P. M. M. G., and Smits, E. 2008. A Sealed Double Cremation at Middle Assyrian Tell Sabi Abyad. In Bonatz, D., Czichon, R. M., and Kreppner, F. J., eds., Fundstellen, Gesammelte Schriften zur Archäologie und Geschichte Altvorderasiens ad honorem Hartmut Kühne. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 251–61.Google Scholar
Akkermans, P. M. M. G., and Wiggermann, F. A. M. 2015. West of Assur: The Life and Times of the Middle Assyrian Dunnu at Tell Sabi Abyad. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden: NINO, pp. 89–123.Google Scholar
Akkermans, P. M. M. G., Limpens, J., and Spoor, R. H. 1993. On the Frontier of Assyria, Excavations at Tell Sabi Abyad, 1991. Akkadica 84/85: 1–52.Google Scholar
Alcock, S. E., D’Altroy, T. N., Morrison, K. D., and Sinopoli, C. M., eds. 2001. Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Alconini, S. 2008. Dis-Embedded Centers and Architecture of Power in the Fringes of the Inka Empire: New Perspectives on Territorial and Hegemonic Strategies of Domination. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 27: 63–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Algaze, G. 1989. A New Frontier: First Results of the Tigris-Euphrates Archaeological Reconnaissance Project, 1988. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 48: 241–81.Google Scholar
Algaze, G. 1993. The Uruk World System: The Dynamics of Early Mesopotamian Civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Algaze, G. 2001. The Prehistory of Imperialism: The Case of Uruk Period Mesopotamia. In Rothman, M. S., ed., Uruk Mesopotamia and Its Neighbours. Cross-Cultural Interactions in the Era of State Formation. Santa Fe: School of American Research, pp. 27–84.Google Scholar
Algaze, G. 2008. Ancient Mesopotamia at the Dawn of Civilization: The Evolution of an Urban Landscape. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Algaze, G., Breuninger, R., and Knudstad, J. 1994. The Tigris-Euphrates Archaeological Reconnaissance Project: Final Report of the Birecik and Charcemish Dam Survey Areas. Anatolica 20: 1–96.Google Scholar
Algaze, G., Breuninger, R., Lightfoot, C., and Rosenberg, M. 1991. The Tigris-Euphrates Seasons. Anatolica 17: 176–240.Google Scholar
Algaze, G., Hammer, E., and Parker, B. 2012. The Tigris-Euphrates Archaeological Reconnaissance Project. Final Report of the Cizre Dam and Cizre-Silopi Plain Survey Areas. Anatolica 38: 1–115.Google Scholar
Allen, M. 1997. Contested Peripheries: Philistia in the Neo-Assyrian World System. PhD Thesis: University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Allen, M. 2005. Power Is in the Details: Administrative Technology and the Growth of Ancient Near Eastern Cores. In Chase-Dunn, C. and Anderson, E. N., eds., The Historical Evolution of World Systems. New York: Palgrave, pp. 75–91.Google Scholar
Altaweel, M. 2007. The Fertility of Assur’s Lands: A Study of Agricultural Productivity Using Computer Simulation. Isimu 6: 209–32.Google Scholar
Altaweel, M. 2008. The Imperial Landscape of Ashur: Settlement and Land Use in the Assyrian Heartland. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag.Google Scholar
Altman, A. 2008. Hittite Imperialism in Perspective: The Hittite and Roman Treatment of Subordinate States Compared. In Wilhelm, G., ed., Hattusa-Bogazkoy, Das Hethiterreich im Spannungsfeld des Alten Orients. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 377–96.Google Scholar
Anastasio, S. 2007. Das Obere Haburtal in der Jazira zwischen dem 13. und dem 5. Jh. v. Chr. Florence: Centro Editiriale Toscano.Google Scholar
Andrea, W. 1909. Der Anu-Adad Tempel in Assur. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung.Google Scholar
Andrea, W. 1913. Die Stelenreihen in Assur. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung.Google Scholar
Andrea, W. 1923. Farbige Keramik aus Assur und ihre Vorstufen in altassyrischen Wandmalereien. Berlin: Scarabeus Verlag.Google Scholar
Archer, R. 2010. Chariotry to Cavalry: Developments in the Early First Millennium. In Fagan, G. G. and Trundle, M., eds., New Perspectives on Ancient Warfare. Leiden: Brill, pp. 57–80.Google Scholar
Areshian, G. E., ed. 2013. Empires and Diversity: On the Crossroads of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press.Google Scholar
Ascherson, N. 1996. Black Sea: The Birthplace of Civilisation and Barbarism. London: Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
Attici, L. 2014. Tracing Inequality from Assur to Kültepe/Kanesh: Merchants, Donkeys, and Clay Tablets. In Arbuckle, B. S. and McCarty, S. A., eds., Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, pp. 233–52.Google Scholar
Bachelot, L. 1999a. Tell Shiuokh Faouqâni (1994–1998). In del Olmo Lete, G. and Montero Fenollós, J.-L., eds., Archaeology of the Upper Syrian Euphrates: The Tishrin Dam Area. Barcelona: Aula Orientalis, pp. 143–62.Google Scholar
Bachelot, L. 1999b. Les données archéologiques de l’Âge du Bronze récent dan la Vallée du haut Euphrate. In del Olmo Lete, G. and Montero Fenollós, J.-L., eds., Archaeology of the Upper Syrian Euphrates: The Tishrin Dam Area. Barcelona: Aula Orientalis, pp. 333–61.Google Scholar
Bagg, A. M. 2000a. Irrigation in Northern Mesopotamia: Water for the Assyrian Capitals (12th–7th centuries BC). Irrigation and Drainage Systems 14: 301–24.Google Scholar
Bagg, A. M. 2000b. Assyrische Wasserbauten: Landwirtschaftliche Wasserbauten im Kernland Assyriens zwischen der 2. Hälfte des 2. und der 1. Hälfte des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr. Mainz am Rhein: Philip von Zabern.Google Scholar
Bagg, A. M. 2017. Assyrian Technology. In Frahm, E., ed., A Companion to Assyria. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 511–21.Google Scholar
Bahrani, Z. 2008. Rituals of War: The Body and Violence in Mesopotamia. New York: Zone Books.Google Scholar
Bairoch, P. 1990. The Impact of Crop Yield, Agricultural Productivity, and Transport Costs on Urban Growth between 1800 and 1910. In van der Woude, A. H. A. and de Vries, J., eds., Urbanization in History: A Process of Dynamic Interactions. Oxford: Claredon Press, pp. 134–51.Google Scholar
Baker, H. 2012. The Neo-Babylonian Empire. In Potts, D. T., ed., A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 914–30.Google Scholar
Bang, P. F. 2011. Lord of All the World: The State, Heterogeneous Power and Hegemony in the Roman and Mughal Empires. In Bang, P. F. and Bayly, C. A., eds., Tributary Empires in Global History. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 171–92.Google Scholar
Bang, P. F., and Bayly, C. A., eds. 2011. Tributary Empires in Global History. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Bang, P. F., and Bayly, C. A. 2011. Tributary Empires – Towards a Global and Comparative History. In Bang, P. F. and Bayly, C. A., eds., Tributary Empires in Global History. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bär, J. 1999. ‘Djemdet Nasr’ in Assur? In Böck, B., Cancik-Kirschbaum, E., and Richter, T., eds., Munuscula Mesopotamica. Festschrift für Johannes Renger. Münster: Ugarit Verlag, pp. 1–52.Google Scholar
Bär, J. 2003a. Die älteren Ischtar-Tempel in Assur: Stratigraphie, Architektur und Funde eines altorientalischen Heiligtums von der zweiten Hälfte des 3. Jahrtausends bis zur Mitte des 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. Saarbrücken: Deutsche Orientgesellschaft.Google Scholar
Bär, J. 2003b. Die Tempel der Göttin Ischtar. Die Wiederentdeckung eines altorientalischen Heiligtumes. In Marzahn, J. and Salje, B., eds., Wiedererstehendes Assur. 100 Jahre deutsche Ausgrabungen in Assyrien. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern, pp. 111–18.Google Scholar
Bard, K. A. 2008. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Barjamovic, G. 2013. Mesopotamian Empires. In Bang, P. F. and Scheidel, W., eds., The State in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 120–60.Google Scholar
Barkey, K. 2008. Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Barth, F. 1969. Introduction. In Barth, F., ed., Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Boston: Little, Brown and Co, pp. 8–38.Google Scholar
Bartl, K. 1990. Khirbet esh-Shenef, A Late Bronze Age Settlement in the Balikh Valley, Northern Syria. Akkadica 67: 10–32.Google Scholar
Bartl, P. V., and Bonatz, D. 2013. Across Assyria’s Northern Frontier: Tell Fekheriye at the End of the Late Bronze Age. In Yener, K. A., ed., Across the Border: Late Bronze Age – Iron Age Relations between Syria and Anatolia. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 263–92.Google Scholar
Bayly, C. N. 1988. The New Cambridge History of India II.1: Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bedford, P. R. 2009. The Neo-Assyrian Empire. In Morris, I. and Scheidel, W., eds., The Dynamics of Ancient Empires. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 30–65.Google Scholar
Bellwood, P. 2005. First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Beran, T. 1957. Assyrische Glyptik des 14. Jahrhundert. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie 18: 141–215.Google Scholar
Bersani, L. 1985. The Forms of Violence: Narrative in Assyrian Art and Modern Culture. New York: Schocken Books.Google Scholar
Berrnbeck, R. 2010. Imperialist Networks: Ancient Assyria and the United States. Present Pasts 2: 30–52.Google Scholar
Berthon, R. J. P. 2015. Middle Assyrian Herding Practices in the North of the Empire: A View from Dunnu-ša-Uzibi. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden: NINO, pp. 188–98.Google Scholar
Beuger, C. 2011. Notes on the Neo-Assyrian Re-settlement in Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta. In Miglus, P. A. and Mühl, S., eds., Between the Cultures: The Central Tigris Region from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium BC. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag, pp. 179–89.Google Scholar
Bispham, E. 2006. Coloniam Deducere: How Roman was Roman Colonization during the Middle Republic? In Bradley, G. J. and Wilson, J.-P., eds., Greek and Roman Colonization. Swansea: Classical Press of Wales, pp. 73–160.Google Scholar
Bonatz, D. 2013. Tell Fekheriye – Renewed Excavations at the ‘Head of the Spring’. In Bonatz, D. and Martin, L., eds., 100 Jahre archäologische Feldforschungen in Nordost-Syrien - eine Bilanz. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 209–34.Google Scholar
Bonatz, D. 2014. Tell Fekheriye in the Late Bronze Age: Archaeological Investigations into the Structures of Political Governance in the Upper Mesopotamian Piedmont. In Bonatz, D., ed., The Archaeology of Political Spaces: The Upper Mesopotamian Piedmont in the Second Millennium BC. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 61–84.Google Scholar
Boozer, A. L. 2018. The Archaeology of Imperial Borderlands: A View from Roman Egypt and Sudan. In Düring, B. S. and Stek, T. D., eds., The Archaeology of Imperial Landscapes. A Comparative Study of Empires in the Ancient Near East and the Mediterranean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 206–39.Google Scholar
Boozer, A. L., Düring, B. S., and Parker, B. J., eds. 2020. Archaeologies of Empire: Local Participants and Imperial Trajectories. Santa Fe: Schools of American Research.Google Scholar
Bounni, A. 1993. Tell Fray. In Rouault, O. and Masetti-Rouault, M. G., eds., l’Eufrate e il Tempo. Milano: Electa, pp. 199–202.Google Scholar
Branting, S., Wilkinson, T. J., Christansen, J., Widell, M., Hritz, C., Ur, J., Sudevent-Hickman, B., and Altaweel, M. 2013. The ‘External Economy’: Networks and Trade. In Wilkinson, T. J., Gibson, McG., and Widell, M., eds., Models of Mesopotamian Landscapes: How Small-Scale Processes Contributed to the Growth of Early Civilizations. Oxford: Archaepress, pp. 140–51.Google Scholar
Brettschneider, J., Van Vyve, A.-S., and Jans, G. 2010. Tell Tweini: A Multiperiod Harbour Town at the Syrian Coast. In Mynárová, J., ed., Egypt and the Near East – The Crossroads. Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology, pp. 73–88.Google Scholar
Brown, B. 2013. The Structure and Decline of the Middle Assyrian State: The Role of Autonomous and Nonstate Actors. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 56: 97–126.Google Scholar
Brown, B. 2014. Settlement Patterns of the Middle Assyrian State: Notes toward an Investigation of State Apparatuses. In Bonatz, D., ed., The Archaeology of Political Spaces: The Upper Mesopotamian Piedmont in the Second Millennium BC. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 85–105.Google Scholar
Bunnens, G. 2003. Tell Ahmar/Til Barsip: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Seasons (2001–2002). Orient Express 2003/2: 40–3.Google Scholar
Bunnens, G. 2009. Assyrian Empire Building and Aramization of Culture as Seen from Tell Ahmar/Til Barsib. Syria 86: 67–82.Google Scholar
Burbank, J., and Cooper, F. 2010. Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Butts, A. M. 2017. Assyrian Christians. In Frahm, E. (ed.), A Companion to Assyria. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 599–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canby, J. V. 1976. The Stelenreihen at Assur, Tell Halaf, and Massebot. Iraq 38: 113–28.Google Scholar
Cancik-Kirschbaum, E. 1996. Die mittelassyrischen Briefe aus Tall Seh Hamad. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.Google Scholar
Cancik-Kirschbaum, E. 2014. URU.SA.URU, Mat D Assur und die Binnenstruktur des mittelassyrischen Reiches. In Ziegler, N. and Cancik-Kirschbaum, E., eds., Entre les fleuves II. D’Assur à Mari et au-delà. Berlin: PeWe, pp. 291–314.Google Scholar
Cancik-Kirschbaum, E., and Hess, C. 2016. Toponyme der mittelassyrische Texte: Der Westen des mittelassyrischen Reiches. Antony: Sepoa.Google Scholar
Capet, E. 2005. les installations de la fin du Bronze récent et du début de l’âge du Fer. In Bachelot, L. and Fales, F. M., eds., Tell Shiukh Fawqâni 1994–1998. Padova: SARGON, pp. 379–407.Google Scholar
Caramelo, F. 2012. L’expansion Médio-Assyrienne au Moyen Euphrate Syrien: Le contexte internationale, l’affirmation de l’Assyrie et la probelmatique de la frontière. In Montero Fenollós, J. L., ed., Du Village Néolithique à la Ville Syro-Mésopotamienne. Ferrol: Sociedad Luso-Gallega de Estudios Mesopotámicos, pp. 133–41.Google Scholar
Cavallo, C. 2002. The Faunal Remains from the Middle Assyrian ‘Dunnu’ at Sabi Abyad, Northern Syria. In Buitenhuis, H., Choyke, A. M., Mashkour, M., and Al-Shiyab, A. H., eds., Archaeozoology of the Near East V. Groningen: ARC, pp. 228–40.Google Scholar
Chase-Dunn, C., Alvarez, A., and Pasciuti, D. 2005. Power and Size: Urbanization and Empire Formation in World-Systems since the Bronze Age. In Chase-Dunn, C. and Anderson, E. N., eds., The Historical Evolution of World Systems. New York: Palgrave, pp. 92–112.Google Scholar
Cifarelli, M. 2010. Adornment, Identity, and Authenticity: Ancient Jewelry in and out of Context. American Journal of Archaeology Online Museum Review 114: 1.Google Scholar
Clancier, P. 2012. Les deux tablettes médio-assyriennes. In Kepinski, C., ed., Haradum III. Haradu forteresse du moyen Euphrate iraqien. Paris: Maison René-Ginouvès, pp. 241–6.Google Scholar
Clark, C., and Haswell, M. 1967. The Economics of Subsistence Agriculture. New York: St Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Cline, E. H. 2014. 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Cline, E. H., and Graham, M. W. 2011. Ancient Empires: From Mesopotamia to the Rise of Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Colburn, H. P. 2013. Connectivity and Communication in the Achaemenid Empire. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 56: 29–52.Google Scholar
Colburn, H. P. 2014. Art of the Achaemenid Empire and Art in the Achaemenid Empire. In Brown, B. A. and Feldman, M. H., eds., Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 773–800.Google Scholar
Colburn, H. P. 2018. Pioneers of the Western Desert: The Kharga Oasis in the Achaemenid Empire. In Düring, B. S. and Stek, T. D., eds., The Archaeology of Imperial Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Empires in the Ancient Near East and the Mediterranean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 86–114.Google Scholar
Collins, J. J., and Manning, J. G., eds. 2016. Revolt and Resistance in the Ancient Classical World and the Near East. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Coşkun, N. 2014. Middle and Neo-Assyrian Periods of the Harran Plain in Light of a Survey. In Kaelin, O., and Mathys, H. P., eds., Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East 3: Reports. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, pp. 315–31.Google Scholar
Covey, R. A. 2006. How the Incas Built Their Heartland: State Formation and the Innovation of Imperial Strategies in the Sacred Valley, Peru. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Covey, R. A. 2013. Binding the Imperial Whole: The Transition from Capital to Province in the Inka Imperial Heartland. In Areshian, G. E., ed., Empires and Diversity: On the Crossroads of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, pp. 208–30.Google Scholar
Covey, R. A. 2014. Empires and Imperialism. In Gardner, A., Lake, M., and Sommer, U., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Archaeological Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, DOI:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199567942.9780199567013.9780199567028.Google Scholar
Crescioli, L. 2016. Phase IIIC: The Late Bronze Age. In Laneri, N., ed., Hirbemerdon Tepe Archaeological Project 2003–2013 Final Report: Chronology and Material Culture. Bologna: Bradypus, pp. 81–94.Google Scholar
Cullen, H. M., deMenocal, P. B., Hemming, S., Hemming, G., Brown, F. H., Guilderson, T., and Sirocko, F. 2000. Climate Change and the Collapse of the Akkadian Empire: Evidence from the Deep Sea. Geology 28/4: 379–82.Google Scholar
Curta, F. 2011. Medieval Archaeology and Ethnicity: Where Are We? History Compass 9: 537–48.Google Scholar
Curvers, H. H. 1991. Bronze Age Society in the Balikh Drainage (Syria), unpublished PhD thesis. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Dalley, S. 2013. The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: An Elusive World Wonder Traced. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dalley, S. 2017. Assyrian Warfare. In Frahm, E., ed., A Companion to Assyria. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 522–33.Google Scholar
D’Agostino, A. 2008. Le tombe Medioassire dell’Area G: Alcune Rifelssioni. In Pecorella, P. E., ed., Tell Barri/Kahat, La Campagna del 2003. Florence: Firenze University Press, pp. 127–41.Google Scholar
D’Agostino, A. 2009. The Assyrian-Aramean Interaction in the Upper Khabur: The Archaeological Evidence from Tell Barri Iron Age Layers. Syria 86: 17–41.Google Scholar
D’Agostino, A. 2014. The Upper Khabur and the Upper Tigris Valles during the Late Bronze Age: Settlements and Ceramic Horizons. In Bonatz, D., ed., The Archaeology of Political Spaces: The Upper Mesopotamian Piedmont in the Second Millennium BC. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 169–99.Google Scholar
D’Agostino, A. 2015. The Rise and Consolidation of Assyrian Control on the Northwestern Territories. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden: NINO, pp. 33–43.Google Scholar
D’Altroy, T. N., and Hastorf, C. A. 2001. Empire and Domestic Economy. New York: Kluwer Academic.Google Scholar
De Jong, L., and Palermo, R. 2018. Living on the Edge: The Roman Empire in the North Mesopotamian Steppe. In Düring, B. S. and Stek, T. D., eds., The Archaeology of Imperial Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Empires in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 240–71.Google Scholar
Delougaz, P., Hill, H., and Lloyd, S. 1967. Private Houses and Graves in the Diyala Region. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Dercksen, J. G. 2004b. Die Stadt Assur als Wirtschaftmacht. In Meyer, J. and Walter, S., eds., 2000 v. Chr. Politische, wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Entwicklung im Zeichen einer Jahrtausendwende. Saarbrücken: Harrassowitz, pp. 155–69.Google Scholar
Dietler, M. 2005. The Archaeology of Colonization and the Colonization of Archaeology: Theoretical Challenges from an Ancient Mediterranean Colonial Encounter. In Stein, G. J., ed., The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters: Comparative Perspectives. Santa Fe: School of American Research, pp. 33–68.Google Scholar
Dittmann, R. 1990. Ausgrabungen der Freien Universität Berlin in Assur und Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta in den Jahren 1986–89. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orientgesellschaft 122: 157–71.Google Scholar
Dittmann, R. 1995. Ruinenbeschreibungen der Machmur-Ebene aus dem Nachlaß von Walter Bachman. In Finkbeiner, U., Dittmann, R., and Hauptmann, H., eds., Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte Vorderasiens. Festschrift für Rainer Michael Boehmer. Mainz: Philipp Von Zabern, pp. 87–102.Google Scholar
Dittmann, R. 2011. Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta through the Ages: A Short Note. In Miglus, P. A. and Mühl, S., eds., Between the Cultures: The Central Tigris Region from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium BC. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag, pp. 165–78.Google Scholar
Dittmann, R., Eickhoff, T., Schmitt, R., Stengele, R., and Thürwächter, S. 1988. Untersuchungen in Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta (Tulul al-’Aqar) 1986. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orientgesellschaft 120: 97–138.Google Scholar
Djamali, M., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Andrieu-Ponel, V., Berberian, M., Miller, N. F., Gandouin, E., Lahijani, H., Shah-Hosseini, M., Ponel, P., Salimian, M., and Guiter, F. 2009. A Late Holocene Pollen Record from Lake Almalou in NW Iran: Evidence for Changing Land-Use in Relation to Some Historical Events during the Last 3,700 years. Journal of Archaeological Science 36: 1364–75.Google Scholar
Dodd, L. S. 2013. Monuments of Resistance: Gurgum and the Assyrian Conquest. In Areshian, G. E., ed., Empires and Diversity: On the Crossroads of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, pp. 57–83.Google Scholar
Donbaz, V., and Frame, G. 1983. The Building Activities of Shalmaneser I in Northern Mesopotamia. Annual Review of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project 1: 1–5.Google Scholar
Drake, B. L. 2012. The Influence of Climatic Change on the Late Bronze Age Collapse and the Greek Dark Ages. Journal of Archaeological Science 39: 1862–70.Google Scholar
Drews, R. 1993. The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Duistermaat, K. 2008. The Pots and Potters of Assyria, Technology and Organization of Production, Ceramic Sequence and Vessel Function at Late Bronze Age Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria. Leiden: Brepols.Google Scholar
Duistermaat, K. 2015. The Pots of Assur in the land of Hanigalbat – The Organization of Pottery Production in the Far West of the Middle Assyrian Empire. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden: NINO, pp. 125–52.Google Scholar
Duistermaat, K. 2017. What’s Cooking at the Dunnu? Thoughts on an Exotic Steatite-Tempered Pottery Cauldron in the ‘Kitchen’ of Grand Vizier Ili-Pada at Middle Assyrian Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria. In Kertai, D. and Nieuwenhuyse, O., eds., From the Four Corners of the Earth: Studies in Iconography and Cultures of the Ancient Near East in Honour of F. A. M. Wiggermann. Münster: Ugarit Verlag, pp. 45–72.Google Scholar
Düring, B. S. 2015. Reassessing the Dunnu Institution in the Context of the Middle Assyrian Empire. Ancient Near East Studies 52: 47–68.Google Scholar
Düring, B. S. 2018. At the Root of the Matter: The Middle Assyrian Prelude to Empire. In Tyson, C. and Herrmann, V., eds., Imperial Peripheries: Archaeology, History, and Society on the Edge of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Boulder: University of Colorado Press, pp. 47–79.Google Scholar
Düring, B. S., ed. 2015. Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden: NINO.Google Scholar
Düring, B. S., and Stek, T. D. 2018. Ancient Empires on the Ground: Provincial and Peripheral Perspectives. In Düring, B. S. and Stek, T. D., eds., The Archaeology of Imperial Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Empires in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–17.Google Scholar
Düring, B. S., and Stek., T. D., eds. 2018. The Archaeology of Imperial Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Empires in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Düring, B. S., Visser, E., and Akkermans, P. M. M. G. 2015. Skeletons in the Fortress: The Late Bronze Age Burials of Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria. Levant 47: 30–50.Google Scholar
Dusek, J., and Myranova, J. 2017. Tell Fekeriye Inscription: A Process of Authority on the Edge of the Assyrian Empire. In Dusek, J. and Roskovec, J., eds., The Process of Authority: The Dynamics in Transmission and Reception of Canonical Texts. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 9–39.Google Scholar
Eichler, S., Haas, V., and Warburton, D. 1990. Tall al-Hamidiya 2: Vorbericht 1986–1987. Freiburg: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Eickhoff, T. 1985. Kār Tukulti Ninurta: Eine mittelassyrische Kult- und Residenzstadt. Berlin: Mann.Google Scholar
Eidem, J. 2014. The Kingdom of Samsi-Adad and Its Legacies. In Cancik-Kirschbaum, E., Brisch, N., and Eidem, J., eds., Constituent, Confederate, and Conquered Space: The Emergence of the Mittani State. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 137–46.Google Scholar
Eidem, J., and Ackermann, R. 1999. The Iron Age Ceramics from Tell Jurn Kabir. In Hausleiter, A. and Reiche, A., eds., Iron Age Pottery in Northern Mesopotamia, Northern Syria and South-East Anatolia. Münster: Ugarit Verlag, pp. 309–24.Google Scholar
Eidem, J., and Pütt, K. 1999. Tell Jurn Kabir and Tell Qadahiye: Danish Excavations in the Tishrin Dam Area. In del Olmo Lete, G., Montero, J. L., and Fenollós, , eds., Archaeology of the Upper Syrian Euphrates: The Tishrin Dam Area. Barcelona: Editorial Ausa, pp. 193–204.Google Scholar
Eidem, J., and Pütt, K. 2001. Iron Age Site on the Upper Euphrates. Annales Archaeologiques de Republique Syrienne 44: 83–96.Google Scholar
Elias, N. 2000 [1939]. The Civilising Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations [translated by Jephcott, Edmund]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Emberling, G. 2014. Ethnicity in Empire. Assyrians and Others. In McInerney, J., ed., A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 158–74.Google Scholar
Ergenzinger, P. J., and Kühne, H. 1991. Ein Regionales Bewässerungssystem Am Habur. In Kühne, H., ed., Die Rezente Umwelt von Tall Seh Hamad and Daten Zur Umweltrekonstruktion Der Assyrischen Stadt Dur Katlimmu. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, pp. 163–90.Google Scholar
Evans, J. M. 2007. The Square Temple at Tell Asmar and the Construction of Early Dynastic Mesopotamia. American Journal of Archaeology 111: 599–632.Google Scholar
Faist, B. 2001. Der Fernhandel des assyrischen Reiches zwischen dem 14. und 11. Jh. v. Chr. Münster: Ugarit Verlag.Google Scholar
Faist, B. 2006. Intineraries and Travellers in the Middle Assyrian Period. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 15: 147–60.Google Scholar
Faivre, X. 1992. Le tell d’Amuda. In Durand, J. M., ed., Recherches en haut Mésopotamie. Tell Mohammed Diyab, Campagnes 1990 et 1991. Paris: NABU, pp. 133–50.Google Scholar
Fales, F. M. 2010. Guerre et Paix en Assyrie, Religion et Imperialisme. Maubourg: Cerf.Google Scholar
Fales, F. M. 2012. ‘Hanigalbat’ in Early Neo-Assyrian Royal Inscriptions: A Retrospective View. In Galil, G., Gilboa, A., Maeir, A. M., and Kahn, D., eds., The Ancient Near East in the 12th–10th Centuries BCE: Culture and History. Münster: Ugarit Verlag, pp. 99–120.Google Scholar
Fales, F. M. 2015a. Ethnicity in the Assyrian Empire: A View from the Nisbe, II: ‘Assyrians’. In Biga, M. G., Cordoba, J. M., del Cerro, C., and Torres, E., eds., Homenaja a Mario Liverani, Fundador di una Ciencia Nueva. Madrid: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, pp. 183–204.Google Scholar
Fales, F. M. 2015b. Il caso dell’Assiria. L’ascesa storica verso uno status elezionista. In Politi, G., ed., Popoli eletti. Storia di un viaggio oltre la storia, Atti del convegno di Venezia 27–29 giugno 2012. Venezia: Unicopli, pp. 35–48.Google Scholar
Fales, F. M., Postgate, J. N., and Reade, J. 1995. Imperial Administrative Records: Pt. II: Provincial and Military Administration. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press.Google Scholar
Feldman, M. H., 2006a. Assur Tomb 45 and the Birth of the Assyrian Empire. BASOR 343: 21–43.Google Scholar
Feldman, M. H., 2006b. Diplomacy by Design, Luxury Arts and an International Style in the Ancient Near East, 1400–1200 BCE. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Fink, A. S. 2008. Levantine Standardized Luxury in the Late Bronze Age: Waste Management at Tell Atchana (Alalakh). In Fantalkin, A. and Yasur-Landau, A., eds., Bene Israel: Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and the Levant during the Bronze and Iron Ages in Honour of Israel Finkelstein. Leiden: Brill, pp. 165–95.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, J. J. 1953. Cuneiform Texts from Tell Billa. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 7: 111–76.Google Scholar
Fischer, P. M., and Bürge, T., eds. 2017. ‘Sea Peoples’ Up-to-Date New Research on Transformation in the Eastern Mediterranean in 13th–11th Centuries BCE. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press.Google Scholar
Foster, B. R. 1993. Management and Administration in the Sargonic Period. In Liverani, M., ed., Akkad: The First World Empire: Structure, Ideology, Traditions. Padova: Sargon, pp. 25–39.Google Scholar
Frahm, E. 2016. Revolts in the Neo-Assyrian Empire: A Preliminary Discourse Analysis. In Collins, J. J. and Manning, J. G., eds., Revolt and Resistance in the Ancient Classical World and the Near East. Boston: Brill, pp. 76–89.Google Scholar
Frahm, E. 2017. The Neo-Assyrian Period (ca. 1000–609 BCE). In Frahm, E., ed., A Companion to Assyria. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 161–208.Google Scholar
Frame, G. 2011. Assyrian Royal Inscriptions. In George, A. R., ed., Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts in the Schoyen Collection. Bethseda: CDL Press, pp. 127–37.Google Scholar
Frangipane, M. 2001. Centralization Processes in Greater Mesopotamia: Uruk ‘Expansion’ as the Climax of Systemic Interactions among Areas of Greater Mesopotamian Region. In Rothman, M. S., ed., Uruk Mesopotamia and Its Neighbours, Cross-Cultural Interactions in the Era of State Formation. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, pp. 307–48.Google Scholar
Frankfort, H. 1996 [1954]. The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Freydank, H. 2005. Mittelassyrische Texte. In Janowski, D. and Wilhelm, G., eds., Texte zum Rechts- und Wirtschaftleben. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, pp. 66–70.Google Scholar
Freydank, H. 2009. Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta als Agrarprovinz. Archiv für Orientforschung 36: 16–48.Google Scholar
Fuchs, A. 2017. Assyria and the East: Western Iran and Elam. In Frahm, E., ed., A Companion to Assyria. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 259–67.Google Scholar
Furlong, P. 2010. Aspects of Ancient Near Eastern Chronology (c. 1600–700 BC). Piscataway: Gorgias.Google Scholar
Galter, H. D. 2000. Die synchronistische Geschichte and die assyrische Grenzpolitik. In Milano, M. L., de Martino, S., Fales, F. M., and Lanfranchi, G. B., eds., Landscapes, Territories, Frontiers and Horizons in the Ancient Near East. Padua: Sargon, pp. 29–44.Google Scholar
Garrison, M. B. 2000. Achaemenid Iconography as Evidence for Glyptic Art: Subject Matter, Social Function, Audience, and Diffusion. In Uehlinger, C., ed., Images as Media: Sources for the Cultural History of the Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean (1st Millennium BCE). Fribourg: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pp. 115–63.Google Scholar
Gaspa, S. 2013. Textile Production and Consumption in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. In Nosch, M. L., Koefoed, H., and Andersson Strand, E., eds., Textile Production and Consumption in the Ancient Near East. Archaeology, Epigraphy, Iconography. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 224–47.Google Scholar
Gaspa, S. 2017. Garments, Parts of Garments, and Textile Techniques in the Assyrian Terminology: The Neo-Assyrian Textile Lexicon in the 1st-Millennium BC Linguistic Context. In Gaspa, S., Michel, C., and Nosch, M. L., eds., Textile Terminologies from the Orient to the Mediterranean and Europe, 1000 BC to 1000 AD. 3. Lincoln: Zea Books, pp. 47–90.Google Scholar
George, A. 1999. The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Gilibert, A. 2008. On Kart-Tukulti-Ninurta: Chronology and Politics of a Middle Assyrian Ville Neuve. In Czichon, R. M., Bonatz, D., and Kreppner, F. J., eds., Fundstellen. Gesammelte Schriften zur Archäologie und Geschichte Altvorderasiens ad honorem Hartmut Kühne. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, pp. 177–88.Google Scholar
Gitin, S. 1997. The Neo-Assyrian Empire and Its Western Periphery: The Levant with a Focus on Philistine Ekron. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin: 77–103.Google Scholar
Glatz, C. 2009. Empire as Network: Spheres of Material Interaction in Late Bronze Age Anatolia. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 28: 127–41.Google Scholar
Glatz, C. 2012. Bearing the Marks of Control? Reassessing Pot Marks in Late Bronze Age Anatolia. American Journal of Archaeology 116: 5–38.Google Scholar
Glatz, C. 2013. Negotiating Empire: A Comparative Investigation into the Responses to Hittite Imperialism by the Vassal State of Ugarit and the Kaska Peoples of Pontic Anatolia. In Areshian, G. E., ed., Empires and Diversity: On the Crossroads of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, pp. 21–56.Google Scholar
Glatz, C., and Casana, J. 2016. Of Highland-Lowland Borderlands: Local Societies and Foreign Power in the Zagros-Mesopotamian Interface. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 44: 127–47.Google Scholar
Goldstone, J. A. 2002. Population and Security: How Demographic Change Can Lead to Violent Conflict. Journal of International Affairs 56: 3–22.Google Scholar
Gommans, J. 2010. Empires and Emporia: The Orient in World Historical Space and Time. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 53: 3–18.Google Scholar
Gräff, A. 2005. Thoughts about the Assyrian Presence in Anatolia in the Early 2nd Millennium. Altorientalische Forschungen 32: 158–67.Google Scholar
Graham, A. 2005. Plying the Nile: Not All Plain Sailing. In Piquette, K. and Love, S., eds., Current Research in Egyptology 2003: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Symposium. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 41–56.Google Scholar
Grayson, A. K. 1987. Assyrian Rulers of Third and Second Millenium BC (to 1115 BC). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Gremmen, W. H. E., and Bottema, S. 1991. Palynological Investigations in the Syrian Gazira. In Kühne, H., ed., Die rezente Umwelt von Tall Seh Hamad und Daten zur Umweltrekonstruktion der assyrischen Stad Dur-Katlimmu. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, pp. 105–16.Google Scholar
Güterbock, H. G. 1957. Narration in Anatolian, Syrian, and Assyrian Art. American Journal of Archaeology 61: 62–71.Google Scholar
Haller, A., and Andrea, W. 1955. Die Heiligtümer des Gottes Assur und der Sin-Samas-Tempel in Assur. Berlin: Verlag Gebr. Mann.Google Scholar
Haring, B. 2009. Economy. In Wendrich, W., Dieleman, J., Frood, E., and Baines, J., eds., UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. Los Angeles: http://repositories.sdlib.org/nelc/uee/1028.Google Scholar
Harmanşah, Ö. 2007. ‘Source of the Tigris’: Event, Place and Performance in the Assyrian Landscapes of the Early Iron Age. Archaological Dialogues 14: 179–204.Google Scholar
Harmanşah, Ö. 2011. Moving Landscapes, Making Place: Cities, Monuments and Commemoration at Malizi/Melid. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 24: 55–83.Google Scholar
Harmanşah, Ö. 2012. Beyond Assur: New Cities and the Assyrian Politics of Landscape. Bulletin of the American Society of Oriental Research 365: 53–77.Google Scholar
Harmanşah, Ö. 2013. Cities and the Shaping of Memory in the Ancient Near East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Harmanşah, Ö. 2018. Encounters, Interactions, and as Shared Cultural Sphere: The Assyrian Empire and the Syro-Hittite States of the Iron Age. In Koroğlu, K. and Adalı, S. F., eds., The Assyrians: Kingdom of the God Assur from Tigris to Taurus. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, pp. 256–75.Google Scholar
Hastorf, C. A. 2016. The Social Archaeology of Food: Thinking about Eating from Prehistory to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hauser, S. 2012. Status, Tod und Ritual: Stadt- und Sozialstruktur Assurs in neuassyrischer Zeit. Wiesbaden: Harrosowitz.Google Scholar
Hawkins, J. D. 1982. The Neo-Hittite States in Syria and Anatolia. In Sollberger, E., Edwards, I. E. S., Boardman, J., and Hammond, N. G. L., eds., The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 372–441.Google Scholar
Heinrich, E. 1982. Die Tempel und Heiligtümer im Alten Mesopotamien. Typologie, Morphologie, und Geschichte. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Heinz, M. 2012. The Ur III, Old Babylonian, and Kassite Empires. In Potts, D. T., ed., A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 706–21.Google Scholar
Herles, M. 2007. Climate Change as a Reason for Assyro-Aramaean Conflicts? Pollen Evidence for Drought at the End of the 2nd Millennium BC. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 16: 7–37.Google Scholar
Herrmann, V. R., and Tyson, C. W. 2018. Introduction. In Tyson, C. W. and Herrmann, V. R., eds., Imperial Peripheries in the Neo-Assyrian Period. Louisville: University Press of Colorado, pp. 3–40.Google Scholar
Hertel, T. K. 2013. Old Assyrian Legal Practices: Law and Dispute in the Ancient Near East. Leiden: NINO.Google Scholar
Higginbotham, C. 1996. Elite Emulation and Egyptian Governance in Ramesside Canaan. Tel Aviv 23: 154–69.Google Scholar
Higginbotham, C. 2000. Egyptianization and Elite Emulation in Ramesside Palestine: Governance and Accomodation on the Imperial Periphery. Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Hockmann, D. 2010. Gräber und Grüfte in Assur I: von der zweiten Hälfte des 3. bis zur Mitte des 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz.Google Scholar
Hritz, C. 2013. Urbanocentric Models and ‘Rural Messiness’: A Case Study in the Balikh River Valley, Syria. American Journal of Archaeology 117: 141–61.Google Scholar
Huntington, S. P. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations: Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Immerwahr, S. A. 1989. The Pomegranate Vase: Its Origins and Continuity. Hesperia 58: 397–410.Google Scholar
Indrisano, G. G., and Linduff, K. I. 2013. Expansion of the Chinese Empire into Its Northern Frontier (ca. 500 BCE–0 CE): A Case Study from South-Central Inner Mongolia. In Areshian, G. E., ed., Empires and Diversity: On the Crossroads of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, pp. 164–207.Google Scholar
Jahn, B. 2005. Altbabylonische Wohnhäuser: eine Gegenüberstellung philologischer und archäologischer Quellen. Rahden: Verlag Marie Leidorf.Google Scholar
Jakob, S. 2005. Zwischen Integration und Ausgrenzung Nichtassyrer im mittelassyrischen ‘Westreich’. In van Soldt, W. H., ed., Ethnicity in Ancient Mesopotamia: Papers Read at the 48th Recontre Assyriologique Internationale: Leiden, 1–4 July 2002. Leiden: NINO, pp. 180–8.Google Scholar
Jakob, S. 2009. Die mittelassyrischen Texte aus Tell Chuera in Nordost-Syrien. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Jakob, S. 2011. Dat osttigrisgebiet im strategischen Konzept mittelassyrischer Könige zwischen 1350 und 1056 v. Chr. In Miglus, P. A. and Mühl, S., eds., Between the Cultures: The Central Tigris Region from the 3rd to the 1st Millenium BC. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag, pp. 191–208.Google Scholar
Jakob, S. 2015. Daily Life in the Wild West of Assyria. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden: NINO, pp. 177–87.Google Scholar
Jakob, S. 2017. Economy, Society, and Daily Life in the Middle Assyrian Period. In Frahm, E., ed., A Companion to Assyria. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 143–60.Google Scholar
Jankowska, N. B. 1991. Ashur, Mittani and Arrapkhe. In Diakonoff, I. M., ed., Early Antiquity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 228–60.Google Scholar
Jasim, A. K., Hamza, H. A., and Altaweel, M.. 2006. Tell Abu Shijar, near Aqar Quf: Summary of Excavations. Akkadica 127: 155–66.Google Scholar
Joffe, A. H. 1998. Disembedded Capitals in Western Asian Perspective. Comparative Studies in Society and History 40: 549–80.Google Scholar
Johns, C. H. W. 1901. An Assyrian Doomsday Book or Liber Censualis of the District round Harran in the 7th century BC. Leipzig: Hinrichs.Google Scholar
Jones, S. 1997. The Archaeology of Ethnicity, Constructing Identities in the Past and Present. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kaelin, O. 2013. Tell al-Hamidiyah/Ta’idu? Residenzstadt des Mitanni-Reiches. In Bonatz, D. and Martin, L., eds., 100 Jahre archäologische Feldforschungen in Nordost-Syrien - eine Bilanz. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 181–92.Google Scholar
Kaniewski, D., Paulissen, E., Van Campo, E., Weiss, H., Otto, T., Bretschneider, J., and Van Lerberghe, K. 2010. Late Second-Early First Millennium BC Abrupt Climate Changes in Coastal Syria and Their Possible Significance for the History of the Eastern Mediterranean. Quaternary Research 74: 207–15.Google Scholar
Kardosh, A. 2012. Die Siedlungsstruktur und Siedlungsentwicklung von Assur bis 614 v. Chr, unpublished PhD dissertation. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg:Google Scholar
Karg, N. 2001. First Soundings at Gre Dimse 1999. In Tuna, N., Özturk, J., and Velibeyoğlu, J., eds., Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilisu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs: Activities in 1999. Ankara: TACDAM, pp. 671–714.Google Scholar
Karlsson, M. 2016. Relations of Power in Early Neo-Assyrian State Ideology. Boston: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Kessler, K. 1980. Das Schiksal von Irridu unter Adad-Narari I. Revue d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie Orientale 74: 61–6.Google Scholar
Kessler, K. 1997. ‘Royal Roads’ and Other Questions of the Neo-Assyrian Communication System. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin: 129–36.Google Scholar
Khatchadourian, L. 2016. Imperial Matter: Ancient Persia and the Archaeology of Empires. Oakland: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Klein, H. 1995. Die Grabung in der mittelassyrischen Siedlung. In Orthmann, W., ed., Ausgrabungen in Tell Chuera in Nordost-Syrien I: Vorbericht über die Grabungskampagnen 1986 bis 1992. Saarbrücken: Saarbrücker Druckerie und Verlag, pp. 185–95.Google Scholar
Klengel, H. 1995. The History of Assur in the Third and Second Millenia BC. In Harper, P. O., Klengel-Brandt, E., Aruz, J., and Benzel, K., eds., Discoveries at Ashur on the Tigris: Assyrian Origins. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, pp. 21–4.Google Scholar
Klinkenberg, V. 2016. Reading Rubbish: Using Object Assemblages to Reconstruct Activities, Modes of Deposition and Abandonment at the Late Bronze Age Dunnu of Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria. Leiden: NINO.Google Scholar
Knapp, A. B., and Manning, S. W. 2016. Crisis in Context: The End of the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean. American Journal of Archaeology 120: 99–149.Google Scholar
Kolinski, R. 2001. Mesopotamian Dimātu of the Second Millennium BC. Oxford: BAR International Series.Google Scholar
Kolinski, R. 2015. Making Mittani Assyrian. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire: Essays Dedicated to Frans Wiggermann. Leiden: NINO, pp. 9–32.Google Scholar
Kopanias, K., Beuger, C., Carter, T., Fox, S., Hadjikoumis, A., Kourtessi-Philippakis, G., Livarda, A., and MacGinnis, J. 2013. The Tell Nader and Tell Baqrta Project in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq Preliminary Report of the 2011 Season. Subartu 6/7: 23–57.Google Scholar
Köroğlu, K. 1998. Üçtepe I: Yeni Kazı ve Yüzey Bulguları Işığında Diyarbakır. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.Google Scholar
Kozbe, G., Köroğlu, K., and Sağlamtimur, H. 2004. 2001 Excavations at Kavuşan Höyük. In Tuna, N., Greehalg, J., and Velibeyoğlu, J., eds., Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilisu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs, Activities 2001. Ankara: TACDAM, pp. 473–503.Google Scholar
Kremer, R. 2013. Middle Assyrian Jewelry of Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria: Jewelry from Tell Sabi Abyad in Comparison to Other Middle Assyrian Sites, unpublished BA thesis. Leiden University.Google Scholar
Kühne, H. 2000. Dur-Katlimmu and the Middle Assyrian Empire. In Rouault, O. and Wäfler, M., eds., La Djezire et l’Euphrate syriens de la protohistoire à la fin du IIe millénaire av. J.-C. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 271–9.Google Scholar
Kühne, H. 2009. Bausteine zu einer Siedlungsgeschichte des Unteren Habur: Das 2. Jahrtausend. In Cancik-Kirschbaum, E. and Ziegler, N., eds., Entre les fleuves I. Untersuchungen zur historische Geographie Obermesopotamiens im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. Berlin: PeWe, pp. 17–37.Google Scholar
Kühne, H. 2011. Urbanism in the Assyrian Homeland. In Düring, B. S., Wossink, A., and Akkermans, P. M. M. G., eds., Correlates of Complexity: Essays in Archaeology and Assyriology Dedicated to Diederik J.W. Meijer in Honour of His 65th Birthday. Leiden: NINO, pp. 143–52.Google Scholar
Kühne, H. 2012. Wasser Für Dur Katlimmu, Wasser Für Assyrien. In Eichmann, R., Schuler, C., Klima, F., and Fahlbusch, H., eds., Wasserwirtschaftliche Innovationen Im Archäologischen Kontext. Rahden: Marie Leidorf, pp. 203–9.Google Scholar
Kühne, H. 2013a. Tell Sheikh Hamad: The Assyrian-Aramean Centre of Dur-Katlimmu/Magdalu. In Bonatz, D. and Martin, L., eds., 100 Jahre archäologische Feldforschungen in Nordost-Syrien – eine Bilanz. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 235–58.Google Scholar
Kühne, H. 2013b. State and Empire of Assyria in Northeast Syria. In Orthmann, W., Matthiae, P., and al-Maqdissi, M., eds., Archéologie et Histoire de la Syrie I: La Syrie de l’époque néolithique à l’âge du fer. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 473–98.Google Scholar
Kühne, H. 2015. Core and Periphery in the Assyrian State: The View from Dur-Katlimmu. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden: NINO, pp. 59–74.Google Scholar
Kühne, H. 2016. The Sheikh Hamad/Dur-Katlimmu Texts DeZ 2521 and DeZ 3293 and Their Implications for a Middle Assyrian Supra-Regional Canal. In Perello, B. and Tenu, A., eds., Parcours d’Orient. Recueil de Textes offert à Christine Kepinski. Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 139–45.Google Scholar
Kühne, H. 2018. Politics and Water Management at the Lower Habur (Syria) in the Middle Assyrian Period and Beyond – A New Appraisal. In Kühne, H., ed., Water for Assyria. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 137–94.Google Scholar
Kuhrt, A. 2001. The Achaemenid Persian Empire (c. 550–c. 330 BCE): Continuities, Adaptations, Transformations. In Alcock, S. E., D’Altroy, T. N., Morrison, K. D., and Sinopoli, C. M., eds., Empires, Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 93–123.Google Scholar
Kulakoğlu, F. 2011. Kültepe-Kaneš: A Second Millennium B.C.E. Trading Center of the Central Plateau. In Steadman, S. and McMahon, G., eds., Oxford Handbook of Anatolian Studies, 8000–323 BC. Oxford: Blackwell, 1012–30.Google Scholar
Kulemann-Ossen, S. 2009. Zum Siedlungsgeschehen des 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr am Unteren Habur. In Cancik-Kirschbaum, E. and Ziegler, N., eds., Entre les fleuves I. Untersuchungen zur historische Geographie Obermesopotamiens im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. Berlin: PeWe, pp. 151–63.Google Scholar
Landsberger, B. 1925. Assyrische Handelskolonien in Kleinasien aus dem dritten Jahrtausend. Leipzig: Hinrichs.Google Scholar
Langgut, D., Finkelstein, I., and Lutz, T. 2013. Climate and Late Bronze Collapse: New Evidence from the Southern Levant. Tel Aviv 40: 149–75.Google Scholar
Larsen, M. T. 1976. The Old Assyrian City-State and Its Colonies. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.Google Scholar
Larsen, M. T. 1979. The Tradition of Empire in Mesopotamia. In Larsen, M. T., ed., Power and Propaganda: A Symposium on Ancient Empires. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, pp. 75–103.Google Scholar
Larsen, M. T. 1987. Commercial Networks in the Ancient Near East. In Rowlands, M., Larsen, M. T., and Kristiansen, K., eds., Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 47–56.Google Scholar
Larsen, M. T. 2000. The Old Assyrian City State. In Hansen, M. H., ed., A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures. Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzels, pp. 117–28.Google Scholar
Lavan, M., Payne, R. E., and Weisweiler, J., eds. 2016. Cosmopolitanism and Empire Universal Rulers, Local Elites, and Cultural Integration in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lazzarini, C. 2004. Les tombes ‘royales’ du Dynastique Archaïque à Ur, Reéxamen des donées. In Pelon, O., ed., Studia Aegeo-Anatolica. Lyon: Maison de l’Orient et de la Mediterranée - Jean Pouilloux, pp. 225–61.Google Scholar
Le Strange, G. 1905. The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lemcke, G., and Sturm, M. 1997. δ18o and Trace Element Measurements as Proxy for the Reconstruction of Climate Changes at Lake Van (Turkey): Preliminary Results. In Dalfes, H. N., Kukla, G., and Weiss, H., eds., Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse. Berlin: Springer, pp. 653–78.Google Scholar
Lester, A. 2010 [2001]. Imperial Networks: Creating Identities in Nineteenth-Century South Africa and Britain. In Howe, S., ed., The New Imperial Histories Reader. London: Routledge, pp. 139–46.Google Scholar
Lewy, J. 1926. ‘Kappadokische’ Tontafeln und Frühgeschichte Assyriens und Kleinasiens. Orientalische Literaturzeitung 10: 750–61.Google Scholar
Lewy, J. 1956. On Some Institutions of the Old Assyrian Empire. Hebrew Union College Annual 27: 1–79.Google Scholar
Lion, B. 2011. Assur unter der Mittaniherschaft. In Renger, J., ed., Assur – Gott, Stadt und Land. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz Verlag, pp. 149–67.Google Scholar
Liverani, M. 1987. The Collapse of the Near Eastern Regional System at the End of the Bronze Age: The Case of Syria. In Rowlands, M., Larsen, M. T., and Kristiansen, K., eds., Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–73.Google Scholar
Liverani, M. 1988. The Growth of the Assyrian Empire in the Habur/Middle Euphrates Area: A New Paradigm. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 2: 81–98.Google Scholar
Liverani, M. 2001. The Fall of the Assyrian Empire: Ancient and Modern Interpretations. In Alcock, S. E., D’Altroy, T. N., Morrison, K. D., and Sinopoli, C. M., eds., Empires, Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 374–91.Google Scholar
Liverani, M. 2011. From City-State to Empire: The Case of Assyria. In Arnason, J. P. and Raaflaub, K. A., eds., The Roman Empire in Context. Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 251–69.Google Scholar
Liverani, M. 2017b. Thoughts on the Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Kingship. In Frahm, E., ed., A Companion to Assyria. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 534–46.Google Scholar
Liverani, M., ed. 1993. Akkad: The First World Empire: Structure, Ideology, Traditions. Padova: Sargon.Google Scholar
Llop, J. 2011a. The Creation of the Middle Assyrian Provinces. Journal of the American Oriental Society 131: 591–603.Google Scholar
Llop, J. 2011b. The Boundary between Assyria and Babylonia in the East Tigris Region during the Reign of Tukulti-Ninurta (1233–1197 BC). In Miglus, P. A. and Mühl, S., eds., Between the Cultures: The Central Tigris Region from the 3rd to the 1st Millenium BC. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag, pp. 209–15.Google Scholar
Llop, J. 2015. Foreign Kings in the Middle Assyrian Archival Documentation. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden: NINO, pp. 243–73.Google Scholar
Luciani, M. 1999–2001. On Assyrian Frontiers and the Middle Euphrates. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 13: 87–114.Google Scholar
Ludden, D. 2011. The Process of Empire: Frontiers and Borderlands. In Bang, P. F. and Bayly, C. A., eds., Tributary Empires in Global History. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 132–50.Google Scholar
Lundström, S. 2000. Kimahhu und Qabru: Untersuchungen zur Begrifflichkeit akkadischer Grabbezeichnunge. Altorientalische Forschungen 27: 6–20.Google Scholar
Lundström, S., and Orlamünde, J. 2011. Die Orthostaten Tiglat-Pilesers I. und Assurnasirpals II. aus dem Alten Palast von Assur. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Luttwak, E. N. 1976. The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Lyon, J. D. 2000. Middle Assyrian Expansion and Settlement Development in the Syrian Jezira: The View from the Balikh Valley. In Jas, R. M., ed., Rainfall and Agriculture in Northern Mesopotamia. Leiden: NINO, pp. 89–126.Google Scholar
MacGinnis, J., Wicke, D., and Greenfield, T., eds. 2016. The Provincial Archaeology of the Assyrian Empire. Cambridge: McDonald Institute.Google Scholar
Machinist, P. 2016. Cities and Ideology: The Case of Assur in the Neo-Assyrian Period. In Emberling, G., ed., Social Theory in Archaeology and Ancient History: The Present and Future of Counternarratives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 129–60.Google Scholar
Maier, C. S. 2006. Among Empires, American Ascendancy and Its Predecessors. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Malpas, M. E., and Alconini, S., eds. 2010. Distant Provinces in the Inka Empire: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Inka Imperialism. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.Google Scholar
Mann, M. 1986. The Sources of Social Power I: A History of Power from the Beginning to A.D. 1760. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Marcus, J. 1998. The Peaks and Valleys of Ancient States: An Extension of the Dynamic Model. In Feinman, G. M. and Marcus, J., eds., Archaic States. Santa Fe: School of American Research, pp. 59–94.Google Scholar
Marti, L., and Vermeulen, S. 2015. Bash Tapa 2013: Le sondage stratigraphique. Mémoires de NABU 17: 151–62.Google Scholar
Martin, M. A. S. 2004. Egyptian and Egyptianized Pottery in Late Bronze Age Canaan: Typology, Chronology, Ware Fabrics, and Manufacture Techniques: Pots and People? Ägypten und Levante 14: 265–84.Google Scholar
Matney, T. 2010. Material Culture and Identity: Assyrians, Aramaeans, and the Indigenous People of Iron Age Southeastern Anatolia. In Steadman, S. R. and Ross, J. C., eds., Agency and Identity in the Ancient Near East, New Paths Forward. London: Equinox, pp. 129–47.Google Scholar
Matney, T. 2016. The Assyrian Social Landscape in the Upper Tigris River Valley: A View from Ziyaret Tepe (ancient Tushan). In MacGinnis, J., Wicke, D., and Greenfield, T., eds., The Provincial Archaeology of the Assyrian Empire. Cambridge: McDonald Institute, pp. 335–42.Google Scholar
Matney, T., Greenfield, T., Hartenberger, B., Keskin, A., Köroğlu, K., MacGinnis, J., Monroe, W., Rainville, L., Shepperson, M., Vorderstrasse, T., and Wicke, D. 2009. Excavations at Ziyaret Tepe 2007–2008. Anatolica 35: 37–84.Google Scholar
Matney, T., MacGinnis, J., McDonald, H., Nicoll, K., Rainville, L, Roaf, M., Smith, M. L., and Stein, D. 2003. Archaeological Excavations at Ziyaret Tepe, 2002. Anatolica 29: 175–221.Google Scholar
Matney, T., Roaf, M., MacGinnis, J., and McDonald, H. 2002. Archaeological Excavations at Ziyaret Tepe, 2000 and 2001. Anatolica 28: 47–89.Google Scholar
Matthews, D. M. 1990. Principles of Composition in Near Eastern Glyptic of the Later Second Millennium B.C. Freiburg: Üniversitätsverlag Freiburg/Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Matthews, D. M. 1992. The Kassite Glyptic of Nippur. Freiburg/Göttingen: Üniversitätsverlag Freiburg / Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Matthews, R. 2003. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia, Theories and Approaches. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Matthiae, P. 1980. Ittiti ed Assiri a Tell Fray: Lo scavo di una città Medio-Siriana sull’Eufrate. Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 22: 35–51.Google Scholar
Matthiae, P. 2015. On the Origin of the Middle Assyrian Obelisks. In Ciafardoni, P. and Giannessi, D., eds., From the Treasures of Syria: Essays on Art and Archaeology in Honour of Stefania Mazzoni. Leiden: NINO, pp. 131–52.Google Scholar
Mattingly, D. J. 2011. Imperialism, Power, and Identity: Experiencing the Roman Empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
McCarthy, A. P. 2012. The End of Empire: Akkadian and Post-Akkadian Glyptic in the Jezirah, the Evidence from Tell Leilan in Context. In Weiss, H., ed., Seven Generations since the Fall of Akkad. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 217–24.Google Scholar
McClellan, T. 1997. Houses and Households in North Syria during the Late Bronze Age. In Castel, C.. Al-Maqdissi, M., and Villeneuve, F., eds., Les Maisons dans le Syrie Antique du IIIe Millenaire aux Debuts de l’Islam. Beirut: IFAPO, pp. 29–59.Google Scholar
McClintock, A. 1995. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
McGuire, R. H., and Bernbeck, R. 2011. Ideology. In Insoll, T., ed., The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232444.9780199232013.9780199230013.Google Scholar
McMahon, A. 2012a. The Akkadian Period: Empire, Environment, and Imagination. In Potts, D. T., ed., A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. Oxford: Blackwell, 649–67.Google Scholar
McMahon, A. 2012b. Post-Akkadian Ceramic Assemblages of the Central Upper Khabur: What Can Pottery Tell Us about Political and Climate Change? In Weiss, H., ed., Seven Generations since the Fall of Akkad. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 25–44.Google Scholar
McMahon, A., Sołtysiak, A., and Weber, J. 2011. Late Chalcolithic Mass Graves at Tell Brak, Syria, and Violent Conflict during the Growth of Early City-States. Journal of Field Archaeology 36: 201–20.Google Scholar
Meijer, D. J. W. 1988. Tell Hammam: Architecture and Stratigraphy. Van Loon, M. N., ed., Hammam et-Turkman I. Report on the University of Amsterdam’s 1981–84 Excavations in Syria. Istanbul: NINO, pp. 69–127.Google Scholar
Meijer, D. J. W. 2017. The Archaeological Ramifications of ‘Philistines’ in Aleppo. In Fischer, P. M. and Bürge, T., eds., ‘Sea Peoples’ Up-to-Date. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, pp. 257–62.Google Scholar
Meyer, E. 1928. Geschichte des Altertums II/1. Die Zeite der ägyptische Grossmacht [Zweite, völlig neubearbeite Auflage]. Berlin: J. G. Cotta’sche Buchhandlung Nachfolger.Google Scholar
Meyer, J. W. 2006. ‘Tell Chuera’ – ein Urbanes Zentrum in Nordsyrien. www.uni-frankfurt.de/64823956/Tell-Chuera-2Jt (accessed 22 February 2017).Google Scholar
Mellink, M. J. 1964. Archaeology in Asia Minor. American Journal of Archaeology 68: 149–66.Google Scholar
Micale, M. G. 2009. The Middle-Assyrian City of Ashur and Its State Architecture in the 14th and 13th Centuries B.C. In Maran, J., Juwig, C., Schwengel, H., and Thaler, U., eds., Constructing Power – Architecture, Ideology and Social Practice. Berlin: LIT Verlag, pp. 153–67.Google Scholar
Michalowski, P. 1983. History as Charter: Some Observations on the Sumerian King List. Journal of the American Oriental Society 103: 237–48.Google Scholar
Michalowski, P. 1987. Charisma and Control: On Continuity and Change in Early Mesopotamian Bureaucratic Systems. In McGuire, G. and Biggs, R. D., eds., The Organization of Power: Aspects of Bureaucracy in the Ancient Near East. Chicago: Oriental Institute Press, pp. 45–57.Google Scholar
Michalowski, P. 2009. Assur during the Ur III Period. In Drewnoska, O., ed., Here & There. Across the Ancient Near East. Warsaw: Agade, pp. 149–56.Google Scholar
Michel, C. 2011. The Karum Period on the Plateau. In Steadman, S. and McMahon, G., eds., Oxford Handbook of Anatolian Studies, 8000–323 BC. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 313–36.Google Scholar
Michel, C. 2014. Considerations on the Assyrian Settlement at Kanesh. In Attici, L., Kulakoğlu, F., Barjamovic, G., and Fairbairn, A., eds., Current Research at Kültepe-Kanesh. Chicago: Lockwood Press, pp. 69–84.Google Scholar
van de Mieroop, M.. 2004. A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000–323 BC. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Migchelsen, M. 2013. On Defecation in the Ancient Near East: Contextualising Sanitary Conditions in a LBA Assyrian Fortress, unpublished MA thesis. Leiden University.Google Scholar
Miglus, P. A. 1985. Zur Großen Ziqqurrat in Assur. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orientgesellschaft 117: 21–45.Google Scholar
Miglus, P. A. 1996. Das Wohngebiet von Assur: Stratigraphie und Architektur. Berlin: Mann.Google Scholar
Miglus, P. A. 1997. Eine assyrische Stadt im Wandel: Einblicke in die Wohnarchitektur von Assur. In Waetzhold, H. and Hauptmann, H., eds., Assyrien im Wandel der Zeiten. 39 Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag, pp. 317–24.Google Scholar
Miglus, P. A. 1999. Städtische Wohnarchitektur in Babylon und Assyrien. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
Miglus, P. A. 2000. Assur – Frühjahrskampagne 2000. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orientgesellschaft 132: 13–54.Google Scholar
Miglus, P. A. 2002. Assur – Herbstkampagne 2001. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orientgesellschaft 134: 7–40.Google Scholar
Miglus, P. A. 2004. Die Säule in Assyrien. In J. Dercksen, G., ed., Assyria and Beyond: Studies Presented to Mogens Trolle Larsen. Leiden: NINO, pp. 421–34.Google Scholar
Miglus, P. A. 2010. Festungswerke von Assur im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. In Maul, S. and Heeßel, N. P., eds., Assur-Forschungen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 229–43.Google Scholar
Miglus, P. A. 2011. Middle Assyrian Settlements in the South. In Miglus, P. A. and Mühl, S., eds., Between the Cultures: The Central Tigris Region from the 3rd to the 1st Millenium BC. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag, pp. 217–25.Google Scholar
Millek, J. M. 2017. Sea Peoples, Philistines, and the Destruction of Cities: A Critical Examination of Destruction Layers. In Fischer, P. M. and Bürge, T., eds., ‘Sea Peoples’ Up-to-Date. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, pp. 113–40.Google Scholar
Montero Fenollós, J. L. 2015. Asirios en el Medio Éufrates. La Cerámica de Tell Qabr Abu al-’Atiq en su Contexto Histórico-Arqueológico. Ferrol: Sociedad Luso-Galega de Estudos Mesopotámicos.Google Scholar
Montero Fenollós, J. L., and Al-Shbib, Sh. 2016. Tell Qabr Abu al-’Atiq (Deir ez-Zor). In Kandou, Y. and Tsuneki, A., eds., A History of Syria in One Hundred Sites. Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 250–2.Google Scholar
Montero Fenollós, J. L., Al-Shbib, Sh., Rowe, I. M., and Caramelo, F. 2010. Tall Qubr al- ‘Atiq: From an Early Dynastic City to a Middle Assyrian Fort. 5th Season Report of the Proyecto Arqueologico Medi Eufrates Sirio (2009). Aula Orientalis 28: 73–84.Google Scholar
Montero Fenollós, J. L., and Caramelo, F. 2012. New Data on the Middle Assyrian Expansion in the Valley of the Euphrates. In del Olmo Lete, G., Vidal, J., and Wyatt, N., eds., The Perfumes of Seven Tamarisks: Studies in Honour of Wilfred G. E. Watson. Münster: Ugarit Verlag, pp. 51–62.Google Scholar
Montero Fenollós, J. L., Rowe, I. M., Caramelo, F., and Al-Abdallah, Y. 2011. Tall Qubr al- ‘Atiq: A Middle Assyrian Fort in the Gorge of the Khanuqa: 6th Season Report of the Proyecto Arqueologico Medi Eufrates Sirio (2010). Aula Orientalis 29: 267–78.Google Scholar
Morandi Bonacossi, D. 1996. Landscapes of Power: The Political Organisation of Space in the Lower Habur Valley in the Neo-Assyrian Period. State Archives of Assyria Bulletin X/2: 15–49.Google Scholar
Morandi Bonacossi, D. 2000. The Syrian Jezireh in the Late Assyrian Period: A View from the Countryside. In Bunnens, G., ed., Essays on Syria in the Iron Age. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 349–96.Google Scholar
Morandi Bonacossi, D. 2008. Betrachtungen zur Siedlungs- und Bevölkerungsstruktur des unteren Habur-Gebietes in der neuassyrischen Zeit. In Kühne, H., ed., Berichte der Ausgrabung von Tall Seh Hamad/Dur Katlimmu. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 189–214.Google Scholar
Morandi Bonacossi, D. 2018a. The Creation of the Assyrian Heartland: New Data from the ‘Land behind Nineveh’. In Düring, B. S. and Stek, T. D., eds., The Archaeology of Imperial Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Empires in the Ancient Near East and the Mediterranean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 48–85.Google Scholar
Morandi Bonacossi, D. 2018b. The Nineveh Irrigation System in the Regional Context of the ‘Assyrian Triangle’: A First Geoarchaeological Assessment. In Kühne, H., ed., Water for Assyria. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 77–116.Google Scholar
Morandi Bonacossi, D., and Iamoni, M. 2015. Landscape and Settlement in the Eastern Upper Iraqi Tigris and Navkur Plain: The land of Nineveh Archaeological Project, Seasons 2012–2013. Iraq 77: 9–39.Google Scholar
Mühl, S. 2012. Human Landscape – Site (Trans-) Formation in the Transtigris Area. In Hofmann, R., Moetz, F.-K., and Müller, J., eds., Tells: Social and Environmental Space. Bonn: Rudolf Habert, pp. 79–92.Google Scholar
Mühl, S. 2013. Siedlungsgeschichte im mittleren Osttigrisgebiet: vom Neolithikum bis in die neuassyrische Zeit. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz.Google Scholar
Mühl, S. 2015. Middle Assyrian Territorial Practices in the Region of Ashur. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire: Essays Dedicated to Frans Wiggermann. Leiden: NINO, pp. 45–58.Google Scholar
Mühl, S., and Suleiman, B. S. 2011. The Makkhul Dam Project. In Miglus, P. A. and Mühl, S., eds., Between the Cultures: The Central Tigris Region from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium BC. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag, pp. 371–84.Google Scholar
Mullins, P. R., and Singleton, C. 2014. Ideology and Materiality in Archaeological Theory. In Smith, C., ed., Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York: Springer, pp. 3682–5.Google Scholar
Münkler, H. 2005. Imperien. Die Logik der Weltherschaft vom Alten Rom bis zu den Vereinigten Staaten. Berlin: Rowohlt.Google Scholar
Na’aman, N. 1993. Population Changes in Populations following Assyrian Deportations. Tel Aviv 20: 104–24.Google Scholar
Nandy, A. 2010 [1983]. The Psychology of Colonialism: Sex, Age and Ideology in British India. In Howe, S., ed., The New Imperial Histories Reader. London: Routledge, pp. 125–35.Google Scholar
Neumann, H. 2014. Altorientalische ‘Imperien’ des 3. und frühen 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. historische Voraussetzungen und sozioökonomische Grundlagen. In Gehler, M. and Rollinger, R., eds., Imperien und Reiche in der Weltgeschichte - Epochenübergreifende und globalhistorische Vergleiche. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 33–64.Google Scholar
Neumann, J., and Parpola, S. 1987. Climate Change and the Eleventh-Tenth-Century Eclipse of Assyria and Babylonia. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 46: 161–82.Google Scholar
Newgrosh, B. 2007. Chronology at the Crossroads: The Late Bronze Age in Western Asia. Leicester: Matador.Google Scholar
Nissen, H. J. 1993. Settlement Patterns and Material Culture of the Akkadian Period: Continuity and Discontinuity. In Liverani, M., ed., Akkad: The First World Empire: Structure, Ideology, Traditions. Padova: Sargon, pp. 91–129.Google Scholar
Novak, M. 2004. From Ashur to Nineveh: The Assyrian Town-Planning Programme. Iraq 66: 177–85.Google Scholar
Novak, M. 2007. Mittani Empire and the Question of Absolute Chronology: Some Archaeological Considerations. In Bietak, M. and Czerny, E., eds., The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften: pp. 389–401.Google Scholar
Novak, M., 2013. Gozan and Guzana – Anatolian, Aramaeans, and Assyrian in Tell Halaf. In Bonatz, D. and Martin, L., eds., 100 Jahre Ar-chäologische Feldforschungen in Nordost-Syrien - eine Bilanz. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 259–80.Google Scholar
Novak, M. 2014. The Phenomenon of Residential Cities and City Foundations in the Ancient Near East. In Osborne, J. F., ed., Approaching Monumentality in Archaeology. New York: State University of New York Press, pp. 311–32.Google Scholar
Oates, D. 1968. Studies in the Ancient History of Northern Iraq. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Oates, D. 1990. Tell Brak: The Mittani Palace and Temple. In Eichler, S., Wäfler, M., and Warburton, D., eds., Tall al-Hamidiya II, Vorberichte 1985–1987. Friburg: Academic Press, pp. 149–57.Google Scholar
Oates, J., McMahon, A., Karsgaard, P., al Quntar, S., and Ur, J. 2007. Early Mesopotamian Urbanism: A New View from the North. Antiquity 81: 585–600.Google Scholar
Oates, D., Oates, J., and MacDonald, H. 1997. Excavations at Tell Brak I: The Mittani and Old Babylonian Periods. Cambridge: McDonald Institute.Google Scholar
Oded, B. 1979. Mass Deportations and Deportees in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert Verlag.Google Scholar
Ohnersorgen, M. A. 2006. Aztec Provincial Administration at Cuetlaxtan, Veracruz. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 25: 1–32.Google Scholar
Ökse, A. T., and Görmüş, A. 2006. Excavations at Salat Tepe in the Upper Tigris Region: Stratigraphical Sequence and Preliminary Results of the 2005–2006 Seasons. Akkadica 127: 167–97.Google Scholar
Ökse, A. T., Oğuz Alp, A., Uğur Dağ, H., Engin, A., Görmüs, A., and Mustafaoğlu, G. 2001. Salat Tepe 1999. In Tuna, N., Özturk, J., and Velibeyoğlu, J., eds., Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilisu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs: Activities in 1999. Ankara: TACDAM, pp. 593–642.Google Scholar
Oppenheim, A. L. 1964. Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilisation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Oren, E. D., ed. 2000. The Sea Peoples and Their World: A Reassessment. Philadelphia: The University Museum.Google Scholar
Otto, A. 2006. Alltag und Gesellschaft zur Spätbronzezeit: eine Fallstudie aus Tall Bazi (Syrien). Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
Otto, A. 2014. The Organisation of Residential Space in the Mittani Kingdom as a Mirror of Different Models of Governance. In Brisch, N., Cancik-Kirschbaum, E., and Eidem, J., eds., Constituent, Confederate, and Conquered Space: The Emergence of the Mittani State. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 33–60.Google Scholar
Özgüç, T. 2003. Kültepe Kanis/Nesa: The Earliest International Trade Center and the Oldest Capital City of the Hittites. Istanbul: The Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan.Google Scholar
Pappi, C. 2018. The Land of Idu: City, Province or Kingdom? State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 24: 97–123.Google Scholar
Parker, B. J. 1997. Garrisoning the Empire: Aspects of the Construction and Maintenance of Forts on the Assyrian Frontier. Iraq 59: 77–87.Google Scholar
Parker, B. J. 2001. The Mechanics of Empire: The Northern Frontier of Assyria as a Case Study in Imperial Dynamics. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project.Google Scholar
Parker, B. J. 2003. Archaeological Manifestations of Empire: Assyria’s Imprint on Southeastern Anatolia. American Journal of Archaeology 107: 525–57.Google Scholar
Parker, B. J. 2006. Toward an Understanding of Borderland Processes. American Antiquity 71: 77–100.Google Scholar
Parker, B. J. 2011. The Construction and Performance of Kingship in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Journal of Anthropological Research 67: 357–86.Google Scholar
Parker, B. J. 2015. Power, Hegemony, and the Use of Force in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden, NINO, pp. 287–97.Google Scholar
Parker, B. J. 2018. What’s the Big Picture? Comparative Perspectives on the Archaeology of Empire. In Düring, B. S. and Stek, T. D., eds., The Archaeology of Imperial Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Empires in the Ancient Near East and the Mediterranean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 324–50.Google Scholar
Parker, B. J., Creekmore, A., and Schwartz Dodd, L. 2004. UTARP: A Preliminary Synthesis of the Cultural History of Kenan Tepe. In Tuna, N., Greehalg, J., and Velibeyoğlu, J., eds., Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilisu and Carchemish Dam Reservoirs: Activities 2001. Ankara: TACDAM, pp. 566–602.Google Scholar
Parker Pearson, M. 1982. Mortuary Practices, Society and Ideology: An Ethnoarchaeological Study. In Hodder, I., ed., Symbolic and Structural Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 99–113.Google Scholar
Parpola, S. 2004. National and Ethnic Identity in the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Identity in Post-Empire Times. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies 18: 5–22.Google Scholar
Parrot, A. 1958. Mission archéologique de Mari II: Le palais. Pt 1: Architecture. Paris: P. Geuthner.Google Scholar
Patterson, S. 2007. The Imperial Idea: Ideas of Honor in British India. Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History 8: 10.1353/cch.2007.0020.Google Scholar
Paulus, S. 2014. Babylonien in der 2. Hälfte des 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. – (k)ein Imperium? In Gehler, M. and Rollinger, R., eds., Imperien und Reiche in der Weltgeschichte - Epochenübergreifende und globalhistorische Vergleiche. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 65–99.Google Scholar
Pecorella, P. E., and Pierobon Benoit, R. 2008a. Tell Barri/Kahat: La Campagna del 2003: Relazione Preliminare. Florence: Università degli studi di Firenze.Google Scholar
Pecorella, P. E., and Pierobon Benoit, R. 2008b. Tell Barri/Kahat: La Campagna del 2004: Relazione Preliminare. Florence: Università degli studi di Firenze.Google Scholar
Pedde, F. 2008. Der alte Palast in Assur: Architektur und Baugeschichte. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz.Google Scholar
Pedde, F. 2011. Der Alte Palast in Assur. Ausgrabungen und Neubearbeitung. In Renger, J., ed., Assur - Gott, Stadt und Land. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, pp. 33–62.Google Scholar
Pedde, F. 2015. Gräber und Grüfte in Assur II: die mittelassyrische Zeit. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E., Wilkinson, T. J. Ricci, A., Lawrence, D., Mc Carthy, A., Wilkinson, E. B., Newson, P., and Perini, S. 2012. The Land of Carchemish (Syria) Project: The Sajur Triangle. In Matthews, R. and Curtis, J., eds., Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East 3. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, pp. 191–203.Google Scholar
Pfälzner, P. 1993. Die Späte Bronzezeit: Tell Umm ‘Aqrebe. In Bernbeck, R., ed., Steppe als Kültürlandschaft. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, pp. 70–96.Google Scholar
Pfälzner, P. 1995. Mittanische und Mittelassyrische Keramik. Eine chronologische, funktionale und produktionsökonomische Analyse. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.Google Scholar
Pfälzner, P. 1997. Keramikproduktion und Provinzverwaltung im Mittelassyrischen Reich. In Waetzoldt, H. and Hauptmann, H., eds., Assyrien im Wandel der Zeiten. 39 Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag, pp. 337–45.Google Scholar
Pfälzner, P., and Sconzo, P. 2015. First Results of the Eastern Habur Archaeological Survey in the Dohuk Region of Iraqi Kurdistan: The Season of 2013. Zeitschrift für Orient Archaeologie 8: 90–122.Google Scholar
Pfälzner, P., and Sconzo, P. 2016. The Eastern Habur Archaeological Survey in Iraqi Kurdistan: A Preliminary Report on the 2014 Season. Zeitschrift für Orient Archaeologie 9: 10–69.Google Scholar
Pittman, H. 1996. The White Obelisk and the Problem of Historical Narrative in the Art of Assyria. The Art Bulletin 78: 334–55.Google Scholar
Politopoulos, A. 2020. Creating Capitals: The Rationale, Construction, and Function of Assyrian Capital Cities, unpublished PhD thesis. Leiden University.Google Scholar
Pongratz-Leisten, B. 2011. Assyrian Royal Discourse between Local and Imperial Traditions at the Habur. Revue d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie Orientale 105: 109–28.Google Scholar
Pongratz-Leisten, B. 2013. All the King’s Men: Authority, Kingship, and the Rise of the Elites in Assyria. In Hill, J. A., Jones, P., and Morales, A. J., eds., Experiencing Power, Generating Authority: Cosmos, Politics and the Ideology of Kingship in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, pp. 285–309.Google Scholar
Postgate, C., Oates, D., and Oates, J. 1997. The Excavations at Tell al Rimah: The Pottery. Warminster: British School of Archaeology in Iraq.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 1971. Land Tenure in the Middle Assyrian Period: A Reconstruction. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 34: 496–520.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 1979. The Economic Structure of the Assyrian Empire. In Larsen, M. T., ed., Power and Propaganda: A Symposium on Ancient Empires. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, pp. 193–221.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 1982. Ilku and Land Tenure in the Middle Assyrian Kingdom: A Second Attempt. In Dandamayev, M. A., Gershevitch, I., Klengel, H., Komoróczy, G., Larsen, M. T., and Postgate, J. N., eds., Societies and Languages of the Ancient Near East: Studies in Honour of I.M. Diakonoff. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, pp. 304–13.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 1992. The Land of Assur and the Yoke of Assur. World Archaeology 23: 247–63.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 1994. In Search of the First Empires. Bulletin of the American Society for Oriental Research 293: 1–13.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 2001. Assyrian Uniforms. In Van Soldt, W. H., Dercksen, J. G., Kouwenberg, N. J. C., and Krispijn, Th., eds., Veenhof Anniversary Volume: Studies Presented to Klaas R. Veenhof on the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday. Leiden: NINO, pp. 373–88.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 2003. Documents in Government under the Middle Assyrian Kingdom. In Brosius, M., ed., Ancient Archives and Archival Traditions: Concepts of Record-Keeping in the Ancient World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 124–38.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 2007. The Invisible Hierarchy: Assyrian Military and Civilian Administration in the 8th and 7th Centuries BC. In Postgate, J. N., ed., The Land of Assur and the Yoke of Assur: Studies on Assyria 1971–2005. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 331–60.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 2010. The Debris of Government: Reconstructing the Middle Assyrian State Apparatus from Tablets and Potsherds. Iraq 72: 19–37.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 2011. Die Stadt Assur and das Land Assur. In Renger, J., ed., Assur – Gott, Stadt und Land. Wiesbaden: Harrosowitz Verlag, pp. 87–94.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 2013. Bronze Age Bureaucracy: Writing and the Practices of Government in Assyria. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 2015. Government Recording Practices in Assyria and Her Neighbours and Contemporaries. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden: NINO, pp. 275–85.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 2016. Assyria: Provincial Exploitation, First Time Round. In MacGinnis, J., Wicke, D., and Greenfield, T., eds., The Provincial Archaeology of the Assyrian Empire. Cambridge: McDonald Institute, pp. 35–40.Google Scholar
Potts, D. T. 1997. Mesopotamian Civilization: The Material Foundations. London: Athlone Press.Google Scholar
Potts, D. T. 1999. The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Potts, D. T. 2010. Cylinder Seals and Their Use in the Arabian Peninsula. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 21: 20–40.Google Scholar
Pruzsinsky, R. 2009. Mesopotamian Chronology of the 2nd Millennium BC: An Introduction to the Textual Evidence and Related Chronological Issues. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Pucci, M. 2010. The Discovery of the City-Canal of Dur-Katlimmu. In Kühne, H., ed., Dur- Katlimmu 2008 and Beyond. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, pp. 163–74.Google Scholar
Quenet, P., and Ristvet, L. 2012. Late Third Millennium Ceramics from the Akkadian Administrative Building (AAB), Tell Leilan, Syria. In Weiss, H., ed., Seven Generations since the Fall of Akkad. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 217–24.Google Scholar
Radner, K. 2004. Das Mittelassyrische Tontafelarchiv von Giricano/Dunna-Ša-Uzibi. Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
Radner, K. 2011. The Assur-Nineveh-Arbela Triangle: Central Assyria in the Neo-Assyrian Period. In Miglus, P. A. and Mühl, S., eds., Between the Cultures: The Central Tigris Region from the 3rd to the 1st Millenium BC. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag, pp. 321–9.Google Scholar
Radner, K. 2017. Economy, Society, and Daily Life in the Neo-Assyrian Period. In Frahm, E., ed., A Companion to Assyria. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 209–28.Google Scholar
Rayne, L. 2015. Imperial Irrigated Landscapes in the Balikh Valley. Water History 7: 419–40.Google Scholar
Reade, J. 1979. Ideology and Propaganda in Assyrian Art. In Larsen, M. T., ed., Power and Propaganda. Copenhagen, Akademisk Forlag: 329–43.Google Scholar
Reade, J. 2004. The Historical Status of the Assur Stelas. In Dercksen, J. G., ed., Assyria and Beyond: Studies Presented to Mogens Trolle Larsen. Leiden: NINO, pp. 455–73.Google Scholar
Reculeau, H. 2011. Climate, Environment and Agriculture in Assyria. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz.Google Scholar
Reculeau, H. 2015. Middle Assyrian Agrarian Management in the West in the Light of Its Forerunners. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden: NINO, pp. 199–219.Google Scholar
Renger, J. 2003. Das Assur-Projekt. Ein Archäologisches und historisches Projekt. In Marzahn, J. and Salje, B., eds., Wiedererstehendes Assur. 100 Jahre deutsche Ausgrabungen in Assyrien. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern, pp. 101–19.Google Scholar
Richardson, S. 2012. Early Mesopotamia: The Presumptive State. Past and Present 215: 3–49.Google Scholar
Richardson, S. 2016. Getting Confident: The Assyrian Development of Elite Recognition Ethics. In Lavan, M., Payne, R. E., and Weisweiler, J., eds., Cosmopolitanism and Empire Universal Rulers, Local Elites, and Cultural Integration in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 29–64.Google Scholar
Ristvet, L. 2018. Negotiation, Violence, and Resistance: Urartu’s Frontiers in the Iron Age Caucasus. In Düring, B. S. and Stek, T. D., eds., The Archaeology of Imperial Landscapes. A Comparative Study of Empires in the Ancient Near East and the Mediterranean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 175–205.Google Scholar
Roaf, M. 1983. A Report on the Work of the British Archaeological Expedition in the Eski Mosul Dam Salvage Project from November 1982 to June 1983. Sumer 39: 68–82.Google Scholar
Roaf, M. 1984. Excavations at Tell Mohammed ‘Arab in the Eski Mosul Dam Salvage Project. Iraq 46: 141–56.Google Scholar
Roaf, M. 1990. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File.Google Scholar
Röllig, W. 2008. Land- und Viehwirtschaft am Unteren Habur in mittelassyrischen Zeit. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz.Google Scholar
Russell, J. M. 2017. Assyrian Art. In Frahm, E., ed., A Companion to Assyria. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 453–510.Google Scholar
Salje, B. 2003. Assur-Stadt, Land und Got. In Marzahn, J. and Salje, B., eds., Wiedererstehendes Assur. 100 Jahre deutsche Ausgrabungen in Assyrien. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern, pp. 11–18.Google Scholar
Sallaberger, W., and Schrakamp, I. 2015. Introduction. In Sallaberger, W. and Schrakamp, I., eds., ARCANE III: History & Philology. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 3–11.Google Scholar
Saqer, S. 2014. Die mittelassyrischen Personen- und Rationenlisten aus Tall Šēḫ Ḥamad/Dūr- Katlimmu. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Sauvage, M. 1997. Les niveaux du début du Bronze Récent à Tell Mohammed Diyab (Syrie). In Charpin, D. and Durand, J.-M., eds., Florilegium Marianum. Receuil d’études à la mémoire de Marie-Thérèse Barrelet. Paris: NABU, pp. 153–64.Google Scholar
Sauvage, M. 2005. Incinération et inhumation à l’époque médio-assyrienne (XIIIe-XIIe s. av. J.-C.): le cas de Tell Mohammed Diyab (Syrie du Nord-Est). KTEMA, Civilisations de l’Orient, de la Grèce et du Rome Antiques 30: 47–54.Google Scholar
Sazonov, V. 2014. Einige Bemerkungen zur frühmittelassyrischen Köningstitulatur. In Kämmerer, T. R., ed., Identities and Societies in the Ancient East-Mediterranean Regions: Comparative Approaches. Münster: Ugarit Verlag, pp. 155–76.Google Scholar
Schachner, A. 2002. Ausgrabungen in Giricano (2000–2001). Neue Forschungen an der Nordgrenze des Meopotamischen Kulturraums. Istanbuler Mitteilungen 52: 9–57.Google Scholar
Schachner, A. 2004. Vorbericht über die Ausgrabungen in Giricano, 2001. In Tuna, N., Greehalg, J. and Velibeyoğlu, J., eds., Salvage Project of the Archaeological Heritage of the Ilisu and Charchemish Dam Reservoirs Activities in 2001. Ankara: TAÇDAM, pp. 515–46.Google Scholar
Schachner, A. 2009. Assyriens Könige an einer der Quellen des Tigris: Archäologische Forschungen im Höhlensystem von Birkleyn und am sogenannten Tigris-Tunnel. Tübingen: Ernst Wasmuth Verlag.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. 2009. Sex and Empire: A Darwinian Perspective. In Morris, I. and Scheidel, W., eds., The Dynamics of Ancient Empires. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 255–307.Google Scholar
Scheidel, W. 2014. The Shape of the Roman World: Modelling Imperial Connectivity. Journal of Roman Archaeology 27: 7–32.Google Scholar
Schmitt, A. 2019. Symbolsockel aus Assyrien - eine Bilanz und Aktualisierung. In Prechel, D. and Neumann, H., eds., Beiträge zur Kentnis und Deutung altorientalischer Archivalien. Festschrift für Helmut Freidank zum 80. Geburtstag. Münster: Zaphon, pp. 383–408.Google Scholar
Schreiber, K. 2001. The Wari Empire of Middle Horizon Peru: The Epistemological Challenge of Documenting an Empire without Documentary Evidence. In Alcock, S. E., D’Altroy, T. N., Morrison, K. D., and Sinopoli, C. M., eds., Empires, Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70–92.Google Scholar
Schreiber, K. 2005. Imperial Agendas and Local Agency: Wari Colonial Strategies. In Stein, G. J., ed., The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters: Comparative Perspectives. Santa Fe: School of American Research, pp. 237–62.Google Scholar
Schwartz, G. M. 2014. Reflections on the Mittani Emergence. In Brisch, N., Cancik- Kirschbaum, E. and Eidem, J., eds., Constituent, Confederate, and Conquered Space: The Emergence of the Mittani State. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 265–77.Google Scholar
Scott, J. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, J. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Sevin, V. 1989. 1988 Yılı Diyarbakı/Üçtepe Kazısı. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 11: 103–23.Google Scholar
Shibata, D. 2015. Dynastic Marriages in Assyria during the Late Second Millennium BC. In Düring, B. S., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Leiden: NINO, pp. 235–42.Google Scholar
Singer, I. 2000. New Evidence on the End of the Hittite Empire. In Oren, E. D., ed., The Sea Peoples and Their World: A Reassessment. Philadelphia: The University Museum, pp. 21–33.Google Scholar
Sinha, M. 2001. Britishness, Clubbability, and the Colonial Public Sphere: The Genealogy of an Imperial Institution in Colonial India. Journal of British Studies 40: 489–521.Google Scholar
Sinopoli, C. M. 1994. The Archaeology of Empires. Annual Review of Anthropology 23: 159–80.Google Scholar
Sinopoli, C. M. 1995. The Archaeology of Empires: A View from South Asia. Bulletin of the American Society for Oriental Research 299/300: 3–11.Google Scholar
Smit, F. 1988. The Period VIII Pottery. In Van Loon, M. N., ed., Hammam et-Turkman I: Report on the University of Amsterdam’s 1981–84 Excavations in Syria. Istanbul: NINO, pp. 457–97.Google Scholar
Smith, M. E. 2001. The Aztec Empire and the Mesoamerican World System. In Alcock, S. E., D’Altroy, T. N., Morrison, K. D., and Sinopoli, C. M., eds., Empires, Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 128–54.Google Scholar
Smith, M. E., and Montiel, L. 2001. The Archaeological Study of Empires and Imperialism in Pre-Hispanic Central Mexico. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20: 245–84.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. 1997. Ancient Egyptian Imperialism: Ideological Vision or Economic Exploitation? Reply to Critics of Askut in Nubia. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 7: 301–7.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. 2003. Wretched Kush: Ethnic Identities and Boundaries in Egypt’s Nubian Empire. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. 2005. To the Support of Heaven: Political and Ideological Conceptions of Frontiers in Ancient Egypt. In Parker, B. J. and Rodseth, L., eds., Untaming the Frontier in Anthropology, Archaeology and History. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, pp. 207–37.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. 2013. Revenge of the Kushites: Assimilation and Resistance in Egypt’s New Kingdom Empire and Nubian Ascendancy over Egypt. In Areshian, G. E., ed., Empires and Diversity: On the Crossroads of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, pp. 84–107.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. 2018. Ethnicity: Constructions of Self and Other in Ancient Egypt. Journal of Egyptian History 11: 113–46.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T., and Buzon, M. R. 2014. Identity, Commemoration, and Remembrance in Colonial Encounters: Burials at Tombos during the Egyptian New Kingdom Nubian Empire and Its Aftermath. In Porter, B. W. and Boutin, A. T., eds., Remembering the Dead in the Ancient Near East: Recent Contributions from Bioarchaeology and Mortuary Archaeology. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, pp. 185–215.Google Scholar
Soldt, W. H. van, Pappi, C., Wossink, A., Hess, C. W., and Ahmed, K. M. 2013. Satu Qala: A Preliminary Report on the Seasons 2010–2011. Anatolica 39: 197–239.Google Scholar
Sramek, J. 2011. Gender, Morality, and Race in Company India, 1765–1858. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Stark, B. L., and Chance, J. K. 2012. The Strategies of Provincials in Empires. In Smith, M. E., ed., The Comparative Archaeology of Complex Empires. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 192–237.Google Scholar
Starr, R. F. S. 1937–39. Nuzi: Report on the Excavations at Yorgan Tepa near Kirkuk, Iraq 1927–1931. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Staubwasser, M., and Weiss, H. 2006. Holocene Climate and Cultural Evolution in Late Prehistoric–Early Historic West Asia. Quaternary Research 66: 372–87.Google Scholar
Stein, G. 2001. Indigenous Social Complexity at Hacınebi (Turkey) and the Organization of Uruk Colonial Contact. In Rothman, M. S., ed., Uruk Mesopotamia and Its Neighbours: Cross-Cultural Interactions in the Era of State Formation. Santa Fe: School of American Research, pp. 265–305.Google Scholar
Stein, G. 2005. The Political Economy of Mesopotamian Colonial Encounters. In Stein, G. J., ed., The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters: Comparative Perspectives. Santa Fe: School of American Research, pp. 143–72.Google Scholar
Stein, G. 2008. A Theoretical Model for Political Economy and Social Identity in the Old Assyrian Colonies of Anatolia. TUBA-AR 11: 25–40.Google Scholar
Stein, G., and Özbal, R. 2007. A Tale of Two Okumenai: Variation in the Expansionary Dynamics of ‘Ubaid and Uruk Mesopotamia. In Stone, E. C., ed., Settlement and Society: Essays Dedicated to Robert McCormick Adams. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, pp. 329–42.Google Scholar
Steiner, M. L. 2014. Introduction: The Levant during the Iron Age II Period. In Steiner, M. and Killebrew, A., eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant c. 8000–332 BCE. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 677–82.Google Scholar
Steinkeller, P. 1987. The Administrative and Economic Organization of the Ur III State: The Core and the Periphery. In McGuire, G. and Biggs, R. D., eds., The Organization of Power: Aspects of Bureaucracy in the Ancient Near East. Chicago: Oriental Institute Press, pp. 19–41.Google Scholar
Steinkeller, P. 2007. City and Countryside in Third Millennium Southern Babylonia. In Stone, E. C., ed., Settlement and Society: Essays Dedicated to Robert McCormick Adams. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, pp. 185–212.Google Scholar
Stek, T. D. 2018. Early Roman Colonisation beyond the Romanising Agrotown: Village Patterns of Settlement and Highland Exploitation in the Abruzzi Mountains, Central Italy. In Düring, B. S. and Stek, T. D, eds., The Archaeology of Imperial Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Empires in the Ancient Near East and the Mediterranean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 145–72.Google Scholar
Stromenger, E., and Kohlmeyer, K. 1998. Ausgrabungen in Tall Biʿa/Tuttul. Saarbrücken: Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft.Google Scholar
Strootman, R. 2013. Seleucids. In Bagnall, R. S., Brodersen, K., Champion, C. B., Erskine, A., and Huebne, S. R., eds., The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 6119–25.Google Scholar
Subrahmanyam, S. 2001. Written on Water: Designs and Dynamics in the Portuguese Estado da India. In Alcock, S. E., D’Altroy, T. N., Morrison, K. D., and Sinopoli, C. M., eds., Empires, Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 42–69.Google Scholar
Szuchman, J. J. 2007. Prelude to Empire: Middle Assyrian Hanigalbat and the Rise of the Arameans, PhD Dissertation. University of California Los Angeles: UMI.Google Scholar
Szuchman, J. J. 2008. Mobility and Sedentarization in Late Bronze Age Syria. In Barnard, H. and Wendrich, W., eds., The Archaeology of Mobility: Old World and New World Nomadism. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute, pp. 397–412.Google Scholar
Taagepera, R. 1978a. Size and Duration of Empires: Systematics of Size. Social Science Research 7: 108–27.Google Scholar
Taagepera, R. 1978b. Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 3000 to 600 BC. Social Science Research 7: 180–96.Google Scholar
Taagepera, R. 1979. Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D. Social Science History 3: 115–38.Google Scholar
Tadmor, H. 1994. The Inscriptions of Tiglath-pileser III, King of Assyria. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.Google Scholar
Tenney, J. S. 2011. Life at the Bottom of Babylonian Society: Servile Laborers at Nippur in the 14th and 13th Centuries B.C. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Tenu, A. 2005. La pratique de la crémation en Syrie: un usage marginal. KTEMA, Civilisations de l’Orient, de la Grèce et du Rome Antiques 30: 37–46.Google Scholar
Tenu, A. 2009b. Assyrians and Arameans in the Euphrates Valley Viewed from the Cemetery of Tell Shiukh Fawqani (Syria). Syria 86: 83–96.Google Scholar
Tenu, A. 2013. Imperial Culture: Some Reflections on Middle Assyrian Settlements. In Feliu, L., Llop, J., Millet Albà, A., and Sanmartin, J., eds., Time and History in the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the 56th Recontre Assyriologique Internationale. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, pp. 575–84.Google Scholar
Tenu, A. 2015. Building the Empire: Settlement Patterns in the Middle Assyrian Empire. In Düring, B., ed., Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire: Essays Dedicated to Frans Wiggermann. Leiden: NINO, pp. 75–87.Google Scholar
Tenu, A., Montero Fenollós, J.-L., and Caramelo, F. 2012. L’empire Assyrien au XIIIe siècle av. J.-C.: Tell Qabr Abu al-’Atiq sur le Moyen Euphrate. In Montero Fenollós, J. L., ed., Du Village Néolithique à la Ville Syro-Mésopotamienne. Ferrol: Sociedad Luso- Gallega de Estudios Mesopotámicos, pp. 143–61.Google Scholar
Terranato, N. 2014. Private Vis, Public Virtus: Family Agendas during the Early Roman Expansion. In Stek, T. D. and Pellgrom, J., eds., Roman Republican Colonization: New Perspectives from Archaeology and Ancient History. Rome: Palumbi Editori, pp. 45–59.Google Scholar
Tilly, C. 1994. Entanglements of European Cities and States. In Tilly, C. and Blockmans, W. P., eds., Cities and the Rise of States in Europe, A.D. 1000 to 1800. San Francisco: Westview Press, pp. 1–27.Google Scholar
Trigger, B. G. 2003. Understanding Early Civilisations: A Comparative Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tyson, C. W., and Herrmann, V. R., eds. 2018. Imperial Peripheries in the Neo-Assyrian Period. Louisville: University Press of Colorado.Google Scholar
Ur, J. 2002. Settlement and Landscape in Northern Mesopotamia: The Tell Hamoukar Survey 2000–2001. Akkadica 123: 57–88.Google Scholar
Ur, J. 2010a. Urbanism and Cultural Landscapes in Northeast Syria: The Tell Hamoukar Survey 1999–2001. Chicago: Oriental Institute.Google Scholar
Ur, J. 2010b. Cycles of Civilization in Northern Mesopotamia, 4400–2000 BC. Journal of Archaeological Research 18: 387–431.Google Scholar
Ur, J. 2017. Physical and Cultural Landscapes of Assyria. In Frahm, E., ed., A Companion to Assyria. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 13–35.Google Scholar
Ur, J., de Jong, L., Giraud, J., Osborne, J. F., and MacGinnis, J. 2013. Ancient Cities and Landscapes in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: The Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey 2012 Season. Iraq 75: 89–118.Google Scholar
Ustundağ, H. 2014. Human Remains from Kültepe-Kanesh: Preliminary Results of the Old Assyrian Burials from the 2005–2008 Excavations. In Attici, L., Kulakoğlu, F., Barjamovic, G., and Fairbairn, A., eds., Current Research at Kültepe-Kanesh. Chicago: Lockwood Press, pp. 157–76.Google Scholar
van Dam, P. J. E. M. 2002. Ecological Challenges, Technological Innovations: The Modernization of Sluice Building in Holland, 1300–1600. Technology and Culture 43: 500–20.Google Scholar
Van der Stede, V. 2003. Drains verticaux et matériel associé. In Lebeau, M. and Suleiman, A., eds., Tell Beydar, The 1995–1999 Seasons of Excavations: A Preliminary Report. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 182–202.Google Scholar
Vanderhooft, D. 2003. Babylonian Strategies of Imperial Control in the West: Royal Practice and Rhetoric. In Lipschits, O. and Blenkinsopp, J., eds., Judah and the Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, pp. 235–62.Google Scholar
Valk, J. 2018. Assyrian Collective Identity in the Second Millennium BCE: A Social Categories Approach, unpublished PhD. New York: New York University.Google Scholar
Veenhof, K. R. 2010. Ancient Assur: The City, Its Traders, and Its Commercial Network. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 53: 39–82.Google Scholar
Veenhof, K. R. 2011. Houses in the Ancient City of Assur. In Düring, B. S., Wossink, A., and Akkermans, P. M. M. G., eds., Correlates of Complexity: Essays in Archaeology and Assyriology Dedicated to Diederik J. W. Meijer in Honour of His 65th Birthday. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, pp. 211–31.Google Scholar
Veenhof, K. R., and Eidem, J. 2008. Mesopotamia: The Old Assyrian Period. Fribourg: Academic Press/Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Villard, P. 2010. Les textiles néo-assyriens et leurs couleurs. In Michel, C. and Nosch, M. L., eds., Textile Terminologies in the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean from the Third to the First Millenia BC. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 388–97.Google Scholar
Von Dassow, E. 2014. Levantine Polities under Mittanian Hegemony. In Brisch, N., Cancik-Kirschbaum, E., and Eidem, J., eds., Constituent, Confederate, and Conquered Space. The Emergence of the Mittani State. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 11–32.Google Scholar
Wäfler, M. 2003. Tall al-Hamidiya IV: Vorberichte 1988–2001. Freiburg: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Ward, C. 2003. Pomegranates in Eastern Mediterranean Contexts during the Late Bronze Age. World Archaeology 34: 529–41.Google Scholar
Wartke, R. B. 1992. Die Backsteingruft 45 in Assur: Entdeckung, Fundzusammensetzung und Präsentation im Berliner Vorderasitischen Museum. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orientgesellschaft 124: 97–130.Google Scholar
Wartke, R. B. 1999. Les objets de parure de la tombe no 45 `a Assur. In Caubet, A., ed., Cornaline et Pierres Précieuses. La Méditerranée, de l’Antiquité à l’Islam. Paris: Musée du Louvre, pp. 317–40.Google Scholar
Weiss, H., and Courty, M.-A. 1993. The Genesis and Collapse of the Akkadian Empire. In Liverani, M., ed., Akkad: The First World Empire. Padova: Sargon, pp. 129–54.Google Scholar
Wells, P. 2001. The Barbarians Speak: How the Conquered Peoples Shaped Roman Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Wells, P. 2005. Creating an Imperial Frontier: Archaeology of the Formation of Rome’s Danube Borderland. Journal of Archaeological Research 13: 49–88.Google Scholar
Westenholz, A. 1979. The Old Akkadian Empire in Contemporary Opinion. In Larsen, M. T., ed., Power and Propaganda: A Symposium on Ancient Empires. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, pp. 107–23.Google Scholar
Westenholz, J. 2000. The King, the Emperor and the Empire: Continuity and Discontinuity of Royal Representation in Text and Image. In Aro, S. and Whiting, R. M., eds., The Heirs of Assyria. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, pp. 99–125.Google Scholar
Wick, L., Lemcke, G., and Sturm, M. 2003. Evidence of Late Glacial and Holocene Climatic Change and Human Impact in Eastern Anatolia: High-Resolution Pollen, Charcoal, Isotopic and Geochemical Records from the Laminated Sediments of Lake Van, Turkey. The Holocene 13: 665–75.Google Scholar
Wicke, D. 2013. ‘Iti nisekur Assur Amusunuti’. Zu den Leuten Assyriens zählte ich sie. Beobachtungen zum kulturellen Austausch am Oberen Tigris in neuassyrischer Zeit. In Kämmerer, T. R. and Rogge, S., eds., Patterns of Urban Societies. Münster: Ugarit Verlag, pp. 233–54.Google Scholar
Wiggermann, F. A. M. 2000. Agriculture in the Northern Balikh Valley: The Case of Middle Assyrian Tell Sabi Abyad. In Jas, R. M., ed., Rainfall and Agriculture in Northern Mesopotamia. Leiden: NINO, pp. 171–232.Google Scholar
Wiggermann, F. A. M. 2006. The Seal of Ili-Pada, Grand Vizier of the Middle Assyrian Empire. In Taylor, P., ed., The Iconography of Cylinder Seals. London: The Warburg Institute, pp. 90–9.Google Scholar
Wiggermann, F. A. M. 2010. ‘Wein, Weib und Gesang’ in een Midden-Assyrische Nederzetting aan de Balikh. Phoenix 56: 17–60.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, T. C. 2014. Tying the Threads of Eurasia: Trans-Regional Routes and Material Flows in Transcaucasia, Eastern Anatolia and Western Central Asia. Leiden: Sidestone Press.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, T. J. 1998a. Water and Human Settlement in the Balikh Valley, Syria: Investigations from 1992–1995. Journal of Field Archaeology 25: 63–87.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, T. J. 1998b. Settlement and Irrigation in the Balikh Valley, Syria, from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium BC. A Preliminary View. Subartu 4: 151–70.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, T. J. 2000. Regional Approaches to Mesopotamian Archaeology: The Contribution of Archaeological Surveys. Journal of Archaeological Research 8: 219–67.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, T. J. 2003. Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, T. J., and Tucker, D. J. 1995. Settlement Development in the North Jazira, Iraq: A Study of the Archaeological Landscape. Baghdad: British School of Archaeology in Iraq.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, T. J., Philip, G., Bradbury, J., Dunford, R., Donoghue, D., Galiatsos, N., Lawrence, D., Ricci, A., and Smith, S. L. 2014. Contextualizing Early Urbanization: Settlement Cores, Early States, and Agro-Pastoral Strategies in the Fertile Crescent during the Fourth and Third Millenia BC. Journal of World Prehistory 27: 43–109.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, T. J., Ur, J. Wilkinson, E., and Altaweel, M. 2005. Landscape and Settlement in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. BASOR 340: 23–56.Google Scholar
Wirth, E. 1971. Syrien. Eine geographische Landeskunde. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.Google Scholar
Wolfe, P. 1997. History and Imperialism: A Century of Theory, from Marx to Postcolonialism. The American Historical Review 102: 388–420.Google Scholar
Wooley, L., and Mallowan, M. 1976. Ur Excavations VII: The Old Babylonian Period. London: British Museum.Google Scholar
Wossink, A. 2009. Challenging Climate Change, Competition and Cooperation among Pastoralists and Agriculturalists in Northern Mesopotamia (c. 3000–1600 BC). Leiden: Sidestone Press.Google Scholar
Xenofon, 2001. De Tocht van de Tienduizend, Anabasis [ingeleid en vertaald door Gerard Koolschijn en Nicolaas Matsier]. Amsterdam: Athenaeum/Polak & Van Gennep.Google Scholar
Yakar, J. 1993. Anatolian Civilization Following the Disintegration of the Hittite Empire: An Archaeological Appraisal. Tel Aviv 20: 3–28.Google Scholar
Yao, A. 2016. The Ancient Highlands of Southwest China: From the Bronze Age to the Han Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Yardımcı, N. 2004. Harran Ovası Yüzey Araştırması I-II. Istanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.Google Scholar
Yates, R. D. S. 2001. Cosmos, Central Authority, and Communities in the Early Chinese Empire. In Alcock, S. E., D’Altroy, T. N., Morrison, K. D., and Sinopoli, C. M., eds., Empires, Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 311–22.Google Scholar
Yazıcıoğlu-Santamaria, G. B. 2015. The People of Kanes: Residential Mobility, Community Life, and Cultural Pluralism in a Bronze Age City in Anatolia, Turkey, unpublished PhD thesis. Chicago: Oriental Institute.Google Scholar
Yener, K. A., ed. 2013. Across the Border: Late Bronze-Iron Age Relations between Syria and Anatolia. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar
Yon, M., and Callot, O. 1997. L’habitat à ougarit à la fin du bronze récent. In Castel, C., Al-Maqdissi, M., and Villeneuve, F., eds., Les maisons dans la Syrie antique du IIIe millénaire aux débuts de l’Islam. Pratiques et représentations de l’espace domestique. Beirut: IFAPO, pp. 15–28.Google Scholar
Zeist, W. van 1994. Some Notes on Second Millennium BC Plant Cultivation in the Syrian Jazira. In Gaschem, H., Tanret, M., Janssen, C., and Degraeve, A., eds., Cinquante-deux Reflexions sur le Proche-Orient Ancien: Offertes en Hommage à Léon De Meyer. Peeters: Leuven, pp. 541–53.Google Scholar
Zettler, R. L. 1998. The Royal Cemetery of Ur. In Horne, L. and Zettler, R. B., eds., Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Ur. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, pp. 21–39.Google Scholar
Zimansky, P. E. 1985. Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State. Chicago: The Oriental Institute.Google Scholar
Zimansky, P. E. 1995. Urartian Material Culture as State Assemblage: An Anomaly in the Archaeology of Empire. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 299/300: 103–15.Google Scholar