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Chapter 90 - The menstrual cycle and catamenial epilepsy
- from Section 4 - Provoked epilepsies
- Edited by Simon D. Shorvon, Frederick Andermann, Renzo Guerrini
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- Book:
- The Causes of Epilepsy
- Published online:
- 05 March 2012
- Print publication:
- 14 April 2011, pp 635-642
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Summary
This chapter discusses the burden and the changing epidemiology of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) and the incidence of epilepsy following ABM and intracranial abscesses in children. It identifies the predictive factors, therapeutic implications, and prevention of ABM and consequent epilepsy in these conditions. Of the acquired causes, central nervous system (CNS) infections are common in childhood and include bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis, and intracranial suppurative infections such as brain abscess, subdural empyema, and cranial epidural abscess. The changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis and the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of pneumococcal meningitis demand regional guidelines for initial empirical treatment of ABM based on the knowledge of regional epidemiologic factors. The effectiveness of administration of dexamethasone before the first effective parenteral antibiotic dose in reducing neurologic and/or audiologic sequelae in children with Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB) meningitis has been demonstrated in several studies.
Contributors
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- By Jane E. Adcock, Yahya Aghakhani, A. Anand, Eva Andermann, Frederick Andermann, Alexis Arzimanoglou, Sandrine Aubert, Nadia Bahi-Buisson, Carman Barba, Agatino Battaglia, Geneviève Bernard, Nadir E. Bharucha, Laurence A. Bindoff, William Bingaman, Francesca Bisulli, Thomas P. Bleck, Stewart G. Boyd, Andreas Brunklaus, Harry Bulstrode, Jorge G. Burneo, Laura Canafoglia, Laura Cantonetti, Roberto H. Caraballo, Fernando Cendes, Kevin E. Chapman, Patrick Chauvel, Richard F. M. Chin, H. T. Chong, Fahmida A. Chowdhury, Catherine J. Chu-Shore, Rolando Cimaz, Andrew J. Cole, Bernard Dan, Geoffrey Dean, Alessio De Ciantis, Fernando De Paolis, Rolando F. Del Maestro, Irissa M. Devine, Carlo Di Bonaventura, Concezio Di Rocco, Henry B. Dinsdale, Maria Alice Donati, François Dubeau, Michael Duchowny, Olivier Dulac, Monika Eisermann, Brent Elliott, Bernt A. Engelsen, Kevin Farrell, Natalio Fejerman, Rosalie E. Ferner, Silvana Franceschetti, Robert Friedlander, Antonio Gambardella, Hector H. Garcia, Serena Gasperini, Lorenzo Genitori, Gioia Gioi, Flavio Giordano, Leif Gjerstad, Daniel G. Glaze, Howard P. Goodkin, Sidney M. Gospe, Andrea Grassi, William P. Gray, Renzo Guerrini, Marie-Christine Guiot, William Harkness, Andrew G. Herzog, Linda Huh, Margaret J. Jackson, Thomas S. Jacques, Anna C. Jansen, Sigmund Jenssen, Michael R. Johnson, Dorothy Jones-Davis, Reetta Kälviäinen, Peter W. Kaplan, John F. Kerrigan, Autumn Marie Klein, Matthias Koepp, Edwin H. Kolodny, Kandan Kulandaivel, Ruben I. Kuzniecky, Ahmed Lary, Yolanda Lau, Anna-Elina Lehesjoki, Maria K. Lehtinen, Holger Lerche, Michael P. T. Lunn, Snezana Maljevic, Mark R. Manford, Carla Marini, Bindu Menon, Giulia Milioli, Eli M. Mizrahi, Manish Modi, Márcia Elisabete Morita, Manuel Murie-Fernandez, Vivek Nambiar, Lina Nashef, Vincent Navarro, Aidan Neligan, Ruth E. Nemire, Charles R. J. C. Newton, John O'Donavan, Hirokazu Oguni, Teiichi Onuma, Andre Palmini, Eleni Panagiotakaki, Pasquale Parisi, Elena Parrini, Liborio Parrino, Ignacio Pascual-Castroviejo, M. Scott Perry, Perrine Plouin, Charles E. Polkey, Suresh S. Pujar, Karthik Rajasekaran, R. Eugene Ramsey, Rahul Rathakrishnan, Roberta H. Raven, Guy M. Rémillard, David Rosenblatt, M. Elizabeth Ross, Abdulrahman Sabbagh, P. Satishchandra, Swati Sathe, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Philip A. Schwartzkroin, Rod C. Scott, Frédéric Sedel, Michelle J. Shapiro, Elliott H. Sherr, Michael Shevell, Simon D. Shorvon, Adrian M. Siegel, Gagandeep Singh, S. Sinha, Barbara Spacca, Waney Squier, Carl E. Stafstrom, Bernhard J. Steinhoff, Andrea Taddio, Gianpiero Tamburrini, C. T. Tan, Raymond Y. L. Tan, Erik Taubøll, Robert W. Teasell, Mario Giovanni Terzano, Federica Teutonico, Suzanne A. Tharin, Elizabeth A. Thiele, Pierre Thomas, Paolo Tinuper, Dorothée Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, Sumeet Vadera, Pierangelo Veggiotti, Jean-Pierre Vignal, J. M. Walshe, Elizabeth J. Waterhouse, David Watkins, Ruth E. Williams, Yue-Hua Zhang, Benjamin Zifkin, Sameer M. Zuberi
- Edited by Simon D. Shorvon, Frederick Andermann, Renzo Guerrini
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- Book:
- The Causes of Epilepsy
- Published online:
- 05 March 2012
- Print publication:
- 14 April 2011, pp ix-xvi
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12 - Epilepsy and the menstrual cycle
- from Part III - Hormones and the brain
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- By Patrica O. Shafer, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Comprehensive Epilepsy, Center, 300 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Andrew G. Herzog, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Neuroendocrine Unit, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Edited by Martha J. Morrell, Columbia University, New York, Kerry L. Flynn, Columbia-Presbyterian Cancer Center, New York
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- Book:
- Women with Epilepsy
- Published online:
- 02 November 2009
- Print publication:
- 20 March 2003, pp 119-130
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Summary
This chapter provides an overview of the normal menstrual cycle and what changes may be seen in women with epilepsy. Catamenial epilepsy, as well as the effects of seizures and medications on menstruation and of hormonal changes on seizures, are explained. Typically, catamenial seizures were thought to occur only immediately before or during menstruation. Both estrogen and progesterone affect the excitability of brain cells, especially in the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain. Hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate the amount of estrogen and progesterone circulating in a woman's body. Estrogen and progesterone levels change throughout the menstrual cycle. The easiest way to determine if seizures are related to the menstrual cycle is to record the occurrence and type of seizures and the day menstruation starts on a calendar. Progesterone therapy may be helpful for some women with catamenial seizures.