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Exploring preference for delivery methods for a psychosocial intervention for prenatal anxiety: A qualitative study from a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
- Maria Atiq, Huma Nazir, Atif Rahman, Abid Malik, Najia Atif, Pamela J. Surkan
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- Journal:
- Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health / Volume 11 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 May 2024, e66
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Objective
This qualitative study explores therapists’ and participants’ preferences for delivery methods (face-to-face and phone sessions) of a cognitive behavioral therapy-based psychosocial intervention for prenatal anxiety delivered in a tertiary care hospital.
SettingThe research was conducted in a randomized controlled trial in Pakistan, where a shift from face-to-face to phone-based therapy occurred during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
ParticipantsTwenty in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion were conducted with participants and therapists, respectively. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.
ResultsParticipants generally preferred face-to-face sessions for rapport building, communication, and comprehension. However, barriers like venue accessibility, childcare, and lack of family support hindered engagement. Telephone sessions were favored for easy scheduling and the comfort of receiving the session at home, but there were challenges associated with phone use, distractions at home, and family members’ limited mental health awareness. A mix of face-to-face and telephone sessions was preferred, with rapport from in-person sessions carrying over to telephone interactions.
ConclusionThis study underscores the need for adaptable intervention delivery strategies that consider cultural norms, logistical challenges, and individual family dynamics. By combining the benefits of both delivery methods, mental health interventions can be optimized to effectively address prenatal anxiety and promote well-being in resource-constrained settings like Pakistan.
Chapter 9 - Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development
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- By Jayant Sathaye, Oswaldo Lucon, Atiq Rahman, John Christensen, Fatima Denton, Junichi Fujino, Garvin Heath, Monirul Mirza, Hugh Rudnick, August Schlaepfer, Andrey Shmakin, Gerhard Angerer, Christian Bauer, Morgan Bazilian, Robert Brecha, Peter Burgherr, Leon Clarke, Felix Creutzig, James Edmonds, Christian Hagelüken, Gerrit Hansen, Nathan Hultman, Michael Jakob, Susanne Kadner, Manfred Lenzen, Jordan Macknick, Eric Masanet, Yu Nagai, Anne Olhoff, Karen Olsen, Michael Pahle, Ari Rabl, Richard Richels, Joyashree Roy, Tormod Schei, Christoph von Stechow, Jan Steckel, Ethan Warner, Tom Wilbanks, Yimin Zhang, Volodymyr Demkine, Ismail Elgizouli, Jeffrey Logan, Susanne Kadner
- Edited by Ottmar Edenhofer, Ramón Pichs-Madruga, Youba Sokona, Kristin Seyboth, Susanne Kadner, Timm Zwickel, Patrick Eickemeier, Gerrit Hansen, Steffen Schlömer, Christoph von Stechow, Patrick Matschoss
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- Book:
- Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation
- Published online:
- 05 December 2011
- Print publication:
- 21 November 2011, pp 707-790
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Summary
Executive Summary
Historically, economic development has been strongly correlated with increasing energy use and growth of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Renewable energy (RE) can help decouple that correlation, contributing to sustainable development (SD). In addition, RE offers the opportunity to improve access to modern energy services for the poorest members of society, which is crucial for the achievement of any single of the eight Millennium Development Goals.
Theoretical concepts of SD can provide useful frameworks to assess the interactions between SD and RE. SD addresses concerns about relationships between human society and nature. Traditionally, SD has been framed in the three-pillar model—Economy, Ecology, and Society—allowing a schematic categorization of development goals, with the three pillars being interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Within another conceptual framework, SD can be oriented along a continuum between the two paradigms of weak sustainability and strong sustainability. The two paradigms differ in assumptions about the substitutability of natural and human-made capital. RE can contribute to the development goals of the three-pillar model and can be assessed in terms of both weak and strong SD, since RE utilization is defined as sustaining natural capital as long as its resource use does not reduce the potential for future harvest.
12 - A View from the Ground Up
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- By Atiq Rahman, Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies Dhaka, Bangladesh and Coordinator, Climate Action Network South Asia (CANSA), Annie Roncerel, Climate Network Europe Brussels, Belgium
- Edited by Irving M. Mintzer, Stockholm Environment Institute, J. Amber Leonard, Stockholm Environment Institute
- Foreword by Michael J. Chadwick, Stockholm Environment Institute
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- Book:
- Negotiating Climate Change
- Published online:
- 01 June 2011
- Print publication:
- 29 September 1994, pp 239-274
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Summary
Introduction
The Framework Convention on Climate Change has been signed by over 150 states and, as of December 31, 1993, has been ratified by more than fifty countries. It will enter into force in 1994. Environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) from the North and South contributed in a substantial manner to these intergovernmental negotiations. They continue to engage in the climate negotiations, despite the limits of the existing text. The NGOs have a common aim: that the process should produce additional commitments leading to real emissions reductions. Through the implementation of such commitments NGOs hope that the objectives of the Convention itself—i.e., stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at levels that do not threaten dangerous anthropogenic modification of the global climate system—will be achieved.
Representatives of numerous NGOs were officially present as observers to the plenary sessions of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change (INC). Only a few participated in official government delegations. Nonetheless, it was widely accepted by all the parties involved that environmental NGOs played a key role in the negotiations, both formally and informally.
From both a historical and a current perspective, developed countries are responsible for the bulk of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. NGOs have criticized the Framework Convention on Climate Change (referred to herein as the Climate Convention) for the absence of any serious commitment to emissions reductions by these countries.
7 - Future Sea Level Rise: Environmental and Socio-Political Considerations
- Edited by Irving M. Mintzer, Stockholm Environment Institute
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- Book:
- Confronting Climate Change
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- 06 January 2010
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- 11 June 1992, pp 97-112
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Summary
Editor's Introduction
Many people assume that sea level and climate have been stable over the eons of the geologic past. In both cases, this assumption is far from the truth. The average level of the seas has risen and fallen substantially over the last 100,000 years — principally due to the advance and retreat of the large continental ice sheets associated with the last ice age. Changes in sea levels have also been observed over shorter time horizons. These changes have reflected both oceanographic fluctuations (e.g. shifts in ocean currents) and atmospheric changes (e.g. atmospheric pressure changes).
In this chapter, Richard Warrick and Atiq Rahman point out that global warming is expected to cause the Earth's mean sea level to rise. The extent of that rise is uncertain, but it is likely to be caused by two factors: the melting of land ice and the thermal expansion of the ocean. By contrast, the melting of sea ice floating in a warmer ocean will not raise the level of the seas, just as the melting of an ice cube in a glass of water does not raise the level of liquid in the glass.
Journalistic sensationalism has frightened much of the public with visions of a catastrophic 5-metre sea level rise that will inundate huge coastal areas. But these authors suggest (and most responsible scientists agree) that this is not very likely during the next century. Instead, today's best scientific estimate of average global sea level rise is about 60 cm, with a large uncertainty range of ±45 cm, if we continue on a “business-as-usual” path of greenhouse gas emissions.