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Shrink and mortality of beef cattle during long distance transportation
- B Teke
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- Journal:
- Animal Welfare / Volume 22 / Issue 3 / August 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2023, pp. 379-384
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The aims of this study were to determine the effects of long distance transport on shrink and mortality rate in cattle, and to understand the relationships between environmental temperature, bodyweight, shrink and dressing percentage. This survey was conducted on 121 transfers of bulls (Bos taurus) from commercial finishing units in Bugyi, Hungary to a public slaughterhouse in Ankara, Turkey between July and December 2010. A total of 3,874 bulls were transported and the journeys took approximately 30 h, including a 2-h rest period with water and feed available. In order to investigate the effect of thermal stress, the deviation of the average monthly ambient temperature from average six-monthly temperature was determined (d-value). Weight loss during transport and dressing percentage were determined monthly. The effect of month on shrink during transport was significant and average transport shrink was 5.57% during the six months. In general, the highest shrink rate was observed in the summer (August: 8.39%) and winter months (December: 7.27%), both of which are outside the thermoneutral zone for beef cattle. The lowest shrink rate was observed in the autumn months (October: 2.99%, November: 1.77%), which is within the thermoneutral zone. The mortality rate was 0.464% during transportations. Mortality rate was high but the effect of month on mortality rate was not significant. There was a moderate positive correlation between transport shrink and d-value. In conclusion, transportations within thermal comfort zone range and good quality animal handling are recommended in order to prevent the adverse effects of long distance transportation, such as shrink and mortality.
Contributors
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- By Lenard A. Adler, Pinky Agarwal, Rehan Ahmed, Jagga Rao Alluri, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Samuel Alperin, Michael Amoashiy, Michael Andary, David J. Anschel, Padmaja Aradhya, Vandana Aspen, Esther Baldinger, Jee Bang, George D. Baquis, John J. Barry, Jason J. S. Barton, Julius Bazan, Amanda R. Bedford, Marlene Behrmann, Lourdes Bello-Espinosa, Ajay Berdia, Alan R. Berger, Mark Beyer, Don C. Bienfang, Kevin M. Biglan, Thomas M. Boes, Paul W. Brazis, Jonathan L. Brisman, Jeffrey A. Brown, Scott E. Brown, Ryan R. Byrne, Rina Caprarella, Casey A. Chamberlain, Wan-Tsu W. Chang, Grace M. Charles, Jasvinder Chawla, David Clark, Todd J. Cohen, Joe Colombo, Howard Crystal, Vladimir Dadashev, Sarita B. Dave, Jean Robert Desrouleaux, Richard L. Doty, Robert Duarte, Jeffrey S. Durmer, Christyn M. Edmundson, Eric R. Eggenberger, Steven Ender, Noam Epstein, Alberto J. Espay, Alan B. Ettinger, Niloofar (Nelly) Faghani, Amtul Farheen, Edward Firouztale, Rod Foroozan, Anne L. Foundas, David Elliot Friedman, Deborah I. Friedman, Steven J. Frucht, Oded Gerber, Tal Gilboa, Martin Gizzi, Teneille G. Gofton, Louis J. Goodrich, Malcolm H. Gottesman, Varda Gross-Tsur, Deepak Grover, David A. Gudis, John J. Halperin, Maxim D. Hammer, Andrew R. Harrison, L. Anne Hayman, Galen V. Henderson, Steven Herskovitz, Caitlin Hoffman, Laryssa A. Huryn, Andres M. Kanner, Gary P. Kaplan, Bashar Katirji, Kenneth R. Kaufman, Annie Killoran, Nina Kirz, Gad E. Klein, Danielle G. Koby, Christopher P. Kogut, W. Curt LaFrance, Patrick J.M. Lavin, Susan W. Law, James L. Levenson, Richard B. Lipton, Glenn Lopate, Daniel J. Luciano, Reema Maindiratta, Robert M. Mallery, Georgios Manousakis, Alan Mazurek, Luis J. Mejico, Dragana Micic, Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Walter J. Molofsky, Heather E. Moss, Mark L. Moster, Manpreet Multani, Siddhartha Nadkarni, George C. Newman, Rolla Nuoman, Paul A. Nyquist, Gaia Donata Oggioni, Odi Oguh, Denis Ostrovskiy, Kristina Y. Pao, Juwen Park, Anastas F. Pass, Victoria S. Pelak, Jeffrey Peterson, John Pile-Spellman, Misha L. Pless, Gregory M. Pontone, Aparna M. Prabhu, Michael T. Pulley, Philip Ragone, Prajwal Rajappa, Venkat Ramani, Sindhu Ramchandren, Ritesh A. Ramdhani, Ramses Ribot, Heidi D. Riney, Diana Rojas-Soto, Michael Ronthal, Daniel M. Rosenbaum, David B. Rosenfield, Durga Roy, Michael J. Ruckenstein, Max C. Rudansky, Eva Sahay, Friedhelm Sandbrink, Jade S. Schiffman, Angela Scicutella, Maroun T. Semaan, Robert C. Sergott, Aashit K. Shah, David M. Shaw, Amit M. Shelat, Claire A. Sheldon, Anant M. Shenoy, Yelizaveta Sher, Jessica A. Shields, Tanya Simuni, Rajpaul Singh, Eric E. Smouha, David Solomon, Mehri Songhorian, Steven A. Sparr, Egilius L. H. Spierings, Eve G. Spratt, Beth Stein, S.H. Subramony, Rosa Ana Tang, Cara Tannenbaum, Hakan Tekeli, Amanda J. Thompson, Michael J. Thorpy, Matthew J. Thurtell, Pedro J. Torrico, Ira M. Turner, Scott Uretsky, Ruth H. Walker, Deborah M. Weisbrot, Michael A. Williams, Jacques Winter, Randall J. Wright, Jay Elliot Yasen, Shicong Ye, G. Bryan Young, Huiying Yu, Ryan J. Zehnder
- Edited by Alan B. Ettinger, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, Deborah M. Weisbrot, State University of New York, Stony Brook
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- Book:
- Neurologic Differential Diagnosis
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
- Print publication:
- 17 April 2014, pp xi-xx
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Experimentally investigation of the CCD binning option in particle imaging velocimetry measurements of laminar flows
- B. Akselli, I. Teke
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- Journal:
- International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering / Volume 2 / Issue 2 / 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 January 2012, pp. 83-89
- Print publication:
- 2011
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In this work we present an experimental investigation of the employment usage application of the vertical pixel binning (PB) option for PIV (particle image velocimetry) measurements. The PB option increases the speed of a CCD, at the cost of loosing spatial resolution. Consequently, it is expected that PB will positively impact the dynamic velocity range of the PIV measurements. In order to show the benefit of the CCD PB option in PIV measurements, we have carried out series of microPIV experiments on laminar flows, seeded with 1 μm fluorescent polystyrene microparticles and passing through a 200 μm × 200 μm × 50000μm microchannel. The flow images were recorded at normal, 2 × 1, and 3 × 1 vertical PB modes of a monochrome CCD camera. The experimentally obtained velocity profiles were calculated using the ensemble-averaged cross-correlation method and Gaussian sup-pixel interpolation and then compared with theoretically calculated velocity profiles. We found that the error introduced by the PB option did not exceed the inherent uncertainty of the PIV system used. For a particular PIV system CCD camera, using the PB option allowed an increase in the dynamic velocity range of a PIV system by more than a factor of two, without extra investments.