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Chapter 9 - Case Studies
- from Section III
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- By Virginia Murray, Gordon McBean, Mihir Bhatt, Sergey Borsch, Tae Sung Cheong, Wadid Fawzy Erian, Silvia Llosa, Farrokh Nadim, Mario Nunez, Ravsal Oyun, Avelino G. Suarez, John Hay, Mai Trong Nhuan, Jose Moreno, Peter Berry, Harriet Caldin, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, Catriona Carmichael, Anita Cooper, Cherif Diop, Justin Ginnetti, Delphine Grynzspan, Clare Heaviside, Jeremy Hess, James Kossin, Paul Kovacs, Sari Kovats, Irene Kreis, Reza Lahidji, Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer, Felipe Lucio, Simon Mason, Sabrina McCormick, Reinhard Mechler, Bettina Menne, Soojeong Myeong, Arona Ngari, Neville Nicholls, Ursula Oswald Spring, Pascal Peduzzi, Rosa Perez, Caroline Rodgers, Hannah Rowlatt, Sohel Saikat, Sonia Seneviratne, Addis Taye, Richard Thornton, Sotiris Vardoulakis, Koko Warner, Irina Zodrow
- Edited by Christopher B. Field, Vicente Barros, Thomas F. Stocker, Qin Dahe
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- Book:
- Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 28 May 2012, pp 487-542
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Summary
Executive Summary
Case studies contribute more focused analyses which, in the context of human loss and damage, demonstrate the effectiveness of response strategies and prevention measures and identify lessons about success in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. The case studies were chosen to complement and be consistent with the information in the preceding chapters, and to demonstrate aspects of the key messages in the Summary for Policymakers and the Hyogo Framework for Action Priorities.
The case studies were grouped to examine types of extreme events, vulnerable regions, and methodological approaches. For the extreme event examples, the first two case studies pertain to events of extreme temperature with moisture deficiencies in Europe and Australia and their impacts including on health. These are followed by case studies on drought in Syria and dzud, cold-dry conditions in Mongolia. Tropical cyclones in Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Mesoamerica, and then floods in Mozambique are discussed in the context of community actions. The last of the extreme events case studies is about disastrous epidemic disease, using the case of cholera in Zimbabwe, as the example.
The case studies chosen to reflect vulnerable regions demonstrate how a changing climate provides significant concerns for people, societies, and their infrastructure. These are: Mumbai as an example of a coastal megacity; the Republic of the Marshall Islands, as an example of small island developing states with special challenges for adaptation; and Canada's northern regions as an example of cold climate vulnerabilities focusing on infrastructures.
10 - Monitoring the health impacts of global climate change
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- By Diarmid H. Campbell-Lendrum, Infectious Diseases, Department London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Paul Wilkinson, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Katrin Kuhn, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, R. Sari Kovats, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Andy Haines, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Bettina Menne, WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Rome Division, Rome, Italy, Terry W. Parr, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Merlewood, UK
- Edited by P. Martens, Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands, A. J. McMichael, Australian National University, Canberra
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- Book:
- Environmental Change, Climate and Health
- Published online:
- 28 July 2009
- Print publication:
- 22 August 2002, pp 253-289
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Summary
Introduction
As the processes of global environmental change proceed, the importance of monitoring health outcomes of climate change increases (e.g. Haines. et al, 1993; Haines, 1999). Accurate, reliable and comparable data are necessary for detecting and quantifying the early impacts of these changes on health, and as an essential first step towards planned adaptation to minimize adverse health impacts in a future, environmentally changed, world (McMichael et al., 1996; Balbus, 1998).
These issues are well illustrated by recent developments in relation to global climate change. This chapter developed from a report of a working group convened by the World Health Organization, European Centre for Environment and Health (WHO-ECEH), which prepared a background document for the Third Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health, held in London in June 1999. The document pointed to the need for the monitoring of potential impacts of climate change on human health, and highlighted the potential role of long-term integrated monitoring sites in investigating links between anthropogenic climate change, natural ecosystems and human health.
This chapter also draws on work of the NoLIMITS (Networking of Long term Integrated Monitoring Sites), preparatory action of the European Union ENRICH (European Network for Research in Global Change) programme. NoLIMITS aims to link current environmental monitoring sites throughout Europe, to make available policy-relevant scientific information to address environmental changes and their consequences at local to global scales, to provide a focus for collaborative interdisciplinary research between sites, networks and users, and to explore the possibility of introducing new measurements at existing monitoring sites to meet specific scientific and policy needs.