2 results
Homocysteine as a peripheral biomarker in bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis
- E. Salagre, A.F. Vizuete, M. Leite, D.J. Brownstein, A. McGuinness, F. Jacka, S. Dodd, B. Stubbs, C.A. Köhler, E. Vieta, A.F. Carvalho, M. Berk, B.S. Fernandes
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 43 / June 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. 81-91
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- Article
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Background:
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder with an uncertain aetiology. Recently, special attention has been given to homocysteine (Hcy), as it has been suggested that alterations in 1-carbon metabolism might be implicated in diverse psychiatric disorders. However, there is uncertainty regarding possible alterations in peripheral Hcy levels in BD.
Methods:This study comprises a meta-analysis comparing serum and plasma Hcy levels in persons with BD and healthy controls. We conducted a systematic search for all eligible English and non-English peer-reviewed articles.
Results:Nine cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analyses, providing data on 1547 participants. Random-effects meta-analysis showed that serum and plasma levels of Hcy were increased in subjects with BD in either mania or euthymia when compared to healthy controls, with a large effect size in the mania group (g = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.8–1.17, P < 0.001, n = 495) and a small effect in the euthymia group (g = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.11–0.48, P = 0.002, n = 1052).
Conclusions:Our meta-analysis provides evidence that Hcy levels are elevated in persons with BD during mania and euthymia. Peripheral Hcy could be considered as a potential biomarker in BD, both of trait (since it is increased in euthymia), and also of state (since its increase is more accentuated in mania). Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the relationship between bipolar disorder and Hcy, as well as the usefulness of peripheral Hcy as both a trait and state biomarker in BD.
Leptin in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- B.S. Fernandes, S. Dash, F. Jacka, S. Dodd, A.F. Carvalho, C.A. Köhler, J. Steiner, M da Graça Cantarelli, P. Nardin, C.-A. Gonçalves, M. Berk
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 35 / May 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. 1-7
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Background
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder associated with increased rates of obesity and inflammation. Leptin is an adipokine that is mainly produced by the white adipose tissue in response to insulin. It stimulates the immune system, increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. There is currently uncertainty regarding possible alterations in peripheral leptin levels across the mood states in BD.
MethodsThis study comprises a between-group meta-analysis comparing serum and plasma leptin levels in people with BD in mania, depression or euthymia and healthy controls. We conducted a systematic search for all possibly eligible-English and non-English peer-reviewed articles. We calculated the effect size (ES) utilizing Hedges’ adjusted g using random effects.
ResultsEleven studies were included in the meta-analyses, providing data on 1118 participants. Serum and plasma leptin levels were not altered in subjects with BD when compared to healthy controls in mania (g = −0.99, 95% CI −2.43 to 0.43, P = 0.171), in depression (g = 0.17, 95% CI −0.45 to 0.79, P = 0.584), or in euthymia (g = 0.03, 95% CI −0.39 to 0.46, P = 0.882). However, we did observe a stronger association between leptin levels and both age and BMI in patients with BD in euthymia compared to healthy controls, such that the greater the age of the individuals, the greater the difference in leptin levels between BD and controls; and the higher the BMI, the greater the difference in leptin levels between BD and controls.
ConclusionsOur meta-analysis provides evidence that leptin levels are not altered in BD across the mood spectrum compared to healthy controls. The disproportionate increase of leptin levels with increase in BMI in BD speaks in favour of a potential inflammatory role of white adipose tissue in BD and a disproportionate increase of leptin levels with increase in age.