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23 - Developing integrated approaches to nitrogen management
- from Part V - European nitrogen policies and future challenges
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- By Oene Oenema, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Joost Salomez, Flemish Government, Cristina Branquinho, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Michaela Budňáková, Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, Pavel Čermák, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Markus Geupel, Federal Environment Agency, Germany, Penny Johnes, University of Reading, Chris Tompkins, Independent consultant, Till Spranger, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Jan Willem Erisman, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, Christian Pallière, Fertilizers Europe, Luc Maene, International Fertilizer Industry Association, Rocio Alonso, Rob Maas, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Jacob Magid, Copenhagen University, Mark A. Sutton, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Hans van Grinsven, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
- Edited by Mark A. Sutton, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK, Clare M. Howard, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen, Albert Bleeker, Peringe Grennfelt, Hans van Grinsven, Bruna Grizzetti
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- Book:
- The European Nitrogen Assessment
- Published online:
- 16 May 2011
- Print publication:
- 14 April 2011, pp 541-550
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- Chapter
- Export citation
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Summary
Executive summary
Nature of the problem
Reactive nitrogen (Nr) occurs in different forms, arises from a wide range of activities and sources, and leads to environmental impacts over different spatial and temporal scales.
Integrated approaches to N management are anticipated to provide more effective (larger decreases in unwanted emissions) and /or more efficient (less side effects, less costs) policy measures than policy measures based on single sources and pollutant species.
There are many notions of integrated approaches, but as yet little consensus about the best integrated approaches. There is also little quantitative empirical evidence of the performance of these approaches in practice.
The pitfall of integrated approaches is that they may be more complex to agree, leading to a delayed implementation.
Approaches
Based on recent literature and a discussion among experts, the present chapter provides a conceptual framework for developing integrated approaches to N management.
Whilst discussing the framework, various examples of existing partially integrated N management approaches have been considered.
A package of key actions in different sectors is envisaged that, together, should contribute to further developing integrated approaches to N management in the future