3 results
Contributors
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- By Cecil S. Ash, Paul Barach, Ulrike Buehner, M. Ross Bullock, Leonardo Canale, Henry G. Chou, Jeffrey A. Claridge, John J. Como, Armagan Dagal, Martin Dauber, James S. Davis, Shalini Dhir, François Donati, Roman Dudaryk, Richard P. Dutton, Talmage D. Egan, Yashar Eshraghi, John R. Fisgus, Jeff Gadsden, Sugantha Ganapathy, Mark A. Gerhardt, Inderjit Gill, Joseph F. Golob, Glenn P. Gravlee, Marcello Guglielmi, Jana Hambley, Peter Hebbard, Elena J. Holak, Khadil Hosein, Ken Johnson, Matthew A. Joy, George W. Kanellakos, Olga Kaslow, Arthur M. Lam, Vanetta Levesque, Jessica Anne Lovich-Sapola, M. Jocelyn Loy, Peter F. Mahoney, Donn Marciniak, Maureen McCunn, Craig C. McFarland, Maroun J. Mhanna, Timothy Moore, Cynthia Nguyen, Maxim Novikov, E. Orestes O’Brien, Ketan P. Parekh, Claire L. Park, Michael J. A. Parr, Elie Rizkala, Steven Roth, Alistair Royse, Colin Royse, Kasia Petelenz Rubin, David Ryan, Claire Sandstrom, Carl I. Schulman, Rishad Shaikh, Ranjita Sharma, Jeffrey H. Silverstein, Peter Slinger, Charles E. Smith, Christopher Smith, Paul Soeding, Rakesh V. Sondekoppam, P. David Soran, Eldar Søreide, Elizabeth A. Steele, Kristian Strand, Dennis M. Super, Kutaiba Tabbaa, Nicholas T. Tarmey, Joshua M. Tobin, Kalpana Tyagaraj, Heather A. Vallier, Sandra Werner, Earl Willis Weyers, William C. Wilson, Shoji Yokobori, Charles J. Yowler
- Edited by Charles E. Smith
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- Book:
- Trauma Anesthesia
- Published online:
- 05 April 2015
- Print publication:
- 09 April 2015, pp vii-x
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Detection of irradiation induced changes on the activity and diversity of soil microbial communities: The effect of soil type
- J.C. Barescut, J.C. Gariel, J.M. Péres, N. R. Parekh, E. D. Potter, J. S. Poskitt, B. A. Dodd, N. A. Beresford
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- Journal:
- Radioprotection / Volume 40 / Issue S1 / May 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 June 2005, pp. S939-S944
- Print publication:
- May 2005
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- Article
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Our aim was to measure the effects of irradiation treatments on soil communities from three different soils. Undisturbed soil cores from three temperate sites (deciduous and coniferous woodland and grassland) were irradiated to give cumulative doses from 0-160 Gy. Cores were incubated at 15$^{\circ}$C and three cores from each treatment sampled after <1, 3 and 8 d. Soil fungi and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated and the activity and functional diversity of soil microbial communities assessed in terms of their potential to utilise a range of C-sources. Although no significant treatment effects were observed in the numbers of cultivable fungi or fast growing heterotrophic bacteria, the numbers of cultivable Pseudomonas spp. declined in all three soils after irradiation at 80 and 160 Gy. Microbial communities from the coniferous forest soil also showed a dramatic decrease in the metabolic activity and number of substrates utilised by after irradiation at 160 Gy. Gamma irradiation had a greater affect on microbial communities in the two organic forest soils as compared to the mineral grassland soil, this could be related to variations in the physico-chemical shielding properties and in the indigenous communities in terms of radio-resistant species.
1 - Jets and mixing layers
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- By M. M. Koochesfahani, P. E. Dimotakis, M. Gharib, P. Derango, E. Villermaux, H. Rehab, E. J. Hopfinger, D. E. Parekh, W. C. Reynolds, M. G. Mungal, T. Loiseleux, J.-M. Chomaz, T. F. Fric, A. Roshko, S. P. Gogineni, M. M. Whitaker, L. P. Goss, W. M. Roquemore, S. Wernz, H. F. Fasel, S. Gogineni, C. Shih, A. Krothapalli
- M. Samimy, Ohio State University, K. S. Breuer, Brown University, Rhode Island, L. G. Leal, University of California, Santa Barbara, P. H. Steen, Cornell University, New York
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- Book:
- A Gallery of Fluid Motion
- Published online:
- 25 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 12 January 2004, pp 1-10
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Summary
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) diagnostics and highspeed, real-time digital image acquisition techniques are combined to map the composition field in a water mixing layer. A fluorescent dye, which is premixed with the lowspeed freestream fluid and dilutes by mixing with the highspeed fluid, is used to monitor the relative concentration of high-speed to low-speed fluid in the layer.
The three digital LIF pictures shown here were obtained by imaging the laser-induced fluorescence originating from a collimated argon ion laser beam, extending across the transverse dimension of the shear layer, onto a 512–element linear photodiode array. Each picture represents 384 contiguous scans, each at 400 points across the layer, for a total of 153 600 point measurements of concentration. The vertical axis maps onto 40 mm of the transverse coordinate of the shear layer, and the horizontal axis is time increasing from right to left for a total flow real time of 307 msec. The pseudocolor assignment is linear in the mixture fraction (ξ) and is arranged as follows: red-unmixed fluid from the low-speed stream (ξ=0); blue-unmixed fluid from the high-speed stream (ξ=1); and the rest of the spectrum corresponds to intermediate compositions.
Figures 1 and 2, a single vortex and pairing vortices, respectively, show the composition field before the mixing transition. The Reynolds number based on the local visual thickness of the layer and the velocity difference across the layer is Re=1750 with U2/U1=0.46 and U1=13 cm/sec. Note the large excess of high-speed stream fluid in the cores of the structures.