2 results
Personalized prediction of antidepressant v. placebo response: evidence from the EMBARC study
- Christian A. Webb, Madhukar H. Trivedi, Zachary D. Cohen, Daniel G. Dillon, Jay C. Fournier, Franziska Goer, Maurizio Fava, Patrick J. McGrath, Myrna Weissman, Ramin Parsey, Phil Adams, Joseph M. Trombello, Crystal Cooper, Patricia Deldin, Maria A. Oquendo, Melvin G. McInnis, Quentin Huys, Gerard Bruder, Benji T. Kurian, Manish Jha, Robert J. DeRubeis, Diego A. Pizzagalli
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 49 / Issue 7 / May 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 July 2018, pp. 1118-1127
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- Article
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Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogeneous condition in terms of symptom presentation and, likely, underlying pathophysiology. Accordingly, it is possible that only certain individuals with MDD are well-suited to antidepressants. A potentially fruitful approach to parsing this heterogeneity is to focus on promising endophenotypes of depression, such as neuroticism, anhedonia, and cognitive control deficits.
MethodsWithin an 8-week multisite trial of sertraline v. placebo for depressed adults (n = 216), we examined whether the combination of machine learning with a Personalized Advantage Index (PAI) can generate individualized treatment recommendations on the basis of endophenotype profiles coupled with clinical and demographic characteristics.
ResultsFive pre-treatment variables moderated treatment response. Higher depression severity and neuroticism, older age, less impairment in cognitive control, and being employed were each associated with better outcomes to sertraline than placebo. Across 1000 iterations of a 10-fold cross-validation, the PAI model predicted that 31% of the sample would exhibit a clinically meaningful advantage [post-treatment Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) difference ⩾3] with sertraline relative to placebo. Although there were no overall outcome differences between treatment groups (d = 0.15), those identified as optimally suited to sertraline at pre-treatment had better week 8 HRSD scores if randomized to sertraline (10.7) than placebo (14.7) (d = 0.58).
ConclusionsA subset of MDD patients optimally suited to sertraline can be identified on the basis of pre-treatment characteristics. This model must be tested prospectively before it can be used to inform treatment selection. However, findings demonstrate the potential to improve individual outcomes through algorithm-guided treatment recommendations.
Estimating Attributable Mortality Due to Nosocomial Infections Acquired in Intensive Care Units
- Jean-Marie Januel, Stephan Harbarth, Robert Allard, Nicolas Voirin, Alain Lepape, Bernard Allaouchiche, Claude Guerin, Jean-Jacques Lehot, Marc-Olivier Robert, Gérard Fournier, Didier Jacques, Dominique Chassard, Pierre-Yves Gueugniaud, François Artru, Paul Petit, Dominique Robert, Ismaël Mohammedi, Raphaëlle Girard, Jean-Charles Cêtre, Marie-Christine Nicolle, Jacqueline Grando, Jacques Fabry, Philippe Vanhems
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 31 / Issue 4 / April 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 388-394
- Print publication:
- April 2010
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Background.
The strength of the association between intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired nosocomial infections (NIs) and mortality might differ according to the methodological approach taken.
Objective.TO assess the association between ICU-acquired NIs and mortality using the concept of population-attributable fraction (PAF) for patient deaths caused by ICU-acquired NIs in a large cohort of critically ill patients.
Setting.Eleven ICUs of a French university hospital.
Design.We analyzed surveillance data on ICU-acquired NIs collected prospectively during the period from 1995 through 2003. The primary outcome was mortality from ICU-acquired NI stratified by site of infection. A matched-pair, case-control study was performed. Each patient who died before ICU discharge was defined as a case patient, and each patient who survived to ICU discharge was denned as a control patient. The PAF was calculated after adjustment for confounders by use of conditional logistic regression analysis.
Results.Among 8,068 ICU patients, a total of 1,725 deceased patients were successfully matched with 1,725 control Patients. The adjusted PAF due to ICU-acquired NI for patients who died before ICU discharge was 14.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.4%—14.8%). Stratified by the type of infection, the PAF was 6.1% (95% CI, 5.7%–6.5%) for pulmonary infection, 3.2% (95% CI, 2.8%–3.5%) for central venous catheter infection, 1.7% (95% CI, 0.9%–2.5%) for bloodstream infection, and 0.0% (95% CI, –0.4% to 0.4%) for urinary tract infection.
Conclusions.ICU-acquired NI had an important effect on mortality. However, the statistical association between ICU-acquired NI and mortality tended to be less pronounced in findings based on the PAF than in study findings based on estimates of relative risk. Therefore, the choice of methods does matter when the burden of NI needs to be assessed.