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Estimating and differentiating maternal feeding practices in a country ranked first in childhood obesity
- Ana María Salinas Martínez, Hid Felizardo Cordero Franco, Daniela Berenice Estrada de León, Gloria Estefanía Medina Franco, Francisco Javier Guzmán de la Garza, Georgina Mayela Núñez Rocha
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 23 / Issue 4 / March 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 November 2019, pp. 620-630
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- Article
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Objective:
Mexico ranks first in childhood obesity worldwide. However, little is known about the factors influencing maternal feeding practices. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of feeding practices and explore associations between weight concern, weight perception, sociodemographic characteristics and those feeding practices.
Design:Cross-sectional.
Setting:North-eastern Mexico.
Participants:Mothers aged ≥18 years who were in charge of feeding a singleton child aged 2–6 years with no endocrine disease or visible genetic malformations (n 507). Information on six maternal feeding practices, concern and perception of the child’s weight and demographics were collected by interview. The mother’s and child’s height and weight were measured. The feeding practices questionnaire was subject to content, construct and convergent validity analysis. Then, mean feeding scores were obtained and prevalence and 95 % CI were determined for scores ≥3; multivariate logistic regression was performed.
Results:Not modelling (63·5 %; 95 % CI 59·2, 67·8 %) and pressuring to eat (55·6 %; 95 % CI 51·2, 60·0 %) were the most frequent feeding practices, followed by easy access to unhealthy foods (45·4 %; 95 % CI 40·9, 49·8 %) and child control (43·2 %; 95 % CI 38·8, 47·6 %). They prevailed despite concern about the child’s excess weight or a perception of the child as overweight/obese. Education was associated with the highest number of practices (educated mothers used more pressuring to eat, less regulation and less easy access; or monitoring was less absent).
Conclusions:The frequency of certain feeding practices needs to be improved. Emphasis on the child’s weight concern, obesity perception and maternal education is essential for optimizing intervention planning.
A Missed Tuberculosis Diagnosis Resulting in Hospital Transmission
- Belinda A. Medrano, Gloria Salinas, Connie Sanchez, Roque Miramontes, Blanca I. Restrepo, Maryam B. Haddad, Lauren A. Lambert
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 35 / Issue 5 / May 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 May 2016, pp. 534-537
- Print publication:
- May 2014
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Objective.
To find the source of tuberculin skin test conversions among 38 hospital employees on 1 floor during routine testing January–February 2010.
Methods.Record review of patients at a private hospital during September-December 2009 and interviews with hospital employees. Names of patients from the state tuberculosis (TB) registry were cross-referenced with hospital records for admissions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype results in the county and adjacent counties were examined, and contacts were evaluated for TB infection and disease.
Results.One of the 38 employees, a nurse, was diagnosed with pulmonary TB with a matching M. tuberculosis genotype and drug resistance pattern (isoniazid monoresistant) to those of a county jail inmate also recently diagnosed with pulmonary TB. The nurse had no known contact with that inmate; however, another inmate in his 20's from the same jail had been hospitalized under that nurse's care in October 2009. That young man died, and a postmortem examination result subsequently confirmed TB, which had not been suspected. Exposure to this man with undiagnosed TB could explain the transmission: 87 (27%) of the 318 hospital-based contacts without previous positive tuberculin skin test results were infected, and 9 contacts had active TB.
Conclusions.This investigation demonstrated M. tuberculosis transmission in a hospital due to a missed diagnosis and nonadherence to national TB infection control guidelines. Routine TB screening of employees allowed early detection of this missed TB diagnosis, facilitating prompt evaluation of contacts. Healthcare providers should suspect TB in symptomatic persons and adhere to TB control policies.
Identifying and Tracing Archaeological Material with RFID Tags
- Edited by Graeme Earl, Tim Sly, David Wheatley, Iza Romanowska, Constantinos Papadopoulos, Patricia Murrieta-Flores, Angeliki Chrysanthi
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- Book:
- Archaeology in the Digital Era
- Published by:
- Amsterdam University Press
- Published online:
- 16 February 2021
- Print publication:
- 01 February 2014, pp 55-64
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Summary
Abstract:
In this paper we propose to label archaeological materials with RFID (RadioFrequency IDentification) tags in order to identify them in an unambiguous way. In this way, it is possible to trace the relevant information associated to them, through all the phases of archaeological work, from fieldwork to museum storage. The system has been specifically designed to be integrated with the working procedures of the archaeological team working on the Segedaproject (Segeda 2012). This technique improves archaeological work in several ways. First, it speeds up the process of collecting, saving, updating and duplicating the data associated with every piece of material. Second, it increases the information that can be stored with the material and can be retrieved without connection to the database. Third, it reduces human error in transcribing information. Finally, RFID labelling facilitates the process of localizing stored material and controlling its movement.
Keywords:
Information Management, Traceability, Radiofrequency Information
Introduction. Traceability in the Archaeological Work
When traceability is present in a productive process, it means that, at every step in the process, information about every product is collected and attached to it without ambiguity. We know all the production parameters of a specific item or group of items and also who is responsible for this information and when and where these data were collected. This knowledge is always available because it is precisely documented.
Archaeological research is divided in several steps. It is also a chain process that, in the context we work, starts at the excavation site where the findings are unearthed. These elements are moved to the laboratory in order to be cleaned and inventoried. In the next phase, the reconstruction of ceramic pieces is addressed. These pieces must finally be catalogued and sent to a museum. At every step, archaeologists must record information about the excavated artefacts. These data must accompany the items in order to assure their provenance, control the validity of the archaeological work and conclusions, and facilitate information exchange. Traceability is essential in the work of an archaeologist, usually following a recording manual where the data to be taken, the way the items are identified and the collection protocol are precisely defined (Parks Canada 2005, 129).