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Distribution, abundance, and on-land threats to Cabo Verde seabirds
- GILSON SEMEDO, VITOR H. PAIVA, TERESA MILITÃO, ISABEL RODRIGUES, HERCULANO A. DINIS, JORGE PEREIRA, DIANA MATOS, FILIPE R. CEIA, NATHALIE M. ALMEIDA, PEDRO GERALDES, SARAH SALDANHA, NADITO BARBOSA, MARCOS HERNÁNDEZ-MONTERO, CAROLINO FERNANDES, JACOB GONZÁLEZ-SÓLIS, JAIME A. RAMOS
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- Journal:
- Bird Conservation International / Volume 31 / Issue 1 / March 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 August 2020, pp. 53-76
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Pelagic seabird populations have declined strongly worldwide. In the North Atlantic there was a huge reduction in seabird populations following the European colonization of the Azores, Madeira and Canary archipelagos but information on seabird status and distribution for the subtropical region of Cabo Verde is scarce, unavailable or dispersed in grey literature. We compiled and compared the historical and current distribution of all seabird species breeding in the Cabo Verde archipelago, updated their relative abundance, investigated their inland habitat preferences, and reviewed their threats. Currently, the breeding seabird community in Cabo Verde is composed of Bulwer’s Petrel Bulweria bulwerii, White-faced Storm-petrel Pelagodroma marina aedesorum, Cape Verde Shearwater Calonectris edwardsii, Cape Verde Storm-petrel Hydrobates jabejabe, Cape Verde Petrel Pterodroma feae, Boyd's Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri boydi, Brown Booby Sula leucogaster, and Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus. One breeding species is currently extinct, the Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens. The relative abundance of Cape Verde Shearwater, Boyd’s Shearwater, Cape Verde Petrel, and Cape Verde Storm-petrel was determined from counts of their nocturnal calls in Santo Antão, São Vicente, Santa Luzia, Branco, Raso and São Nicolau. Cape Verde Petrel occurred only on mountainous islands (Santo Antão, São Nicolau, Santiago, and Fogo) from mid-to high elevations. Larger species such as the Cape Verde Shearwater and Boyd’s Shearwater exhibited a wider distribution in the archipelago, occurring close to the coastline but at lower densities on populated islands. Small procellariforms such as the Cape Verde Storm-petrel occurred at high densities only on rat-free islets and in steep areas of main islands where introduced cats and rats are unlikely to occur. The main threats to seabird populations in Cabo Verde range from predation by introduced predators, habitat alteration or destruction, and some residual human persecution.
Pediatric Primary Gram-Negative Nosocomial Bacteremia: A Possible Relationship With Infusate Contamination
- Alejandro E. Macías-Hernández, Isabel Hernández-Ramos, Juan M. Muñoz-Barrett, Enrique Vargas-Salado, Francisco J. Guerrero-Martínez, Humberto Medina-Valdovinos, Jesus Hernández-Hernández, Samuel Ponce-de-León-Rosales
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 17 / Issue 5 / May 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 276-280
- Print publication:
- May 1996
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Objective: To evaluate the potential contribution of “extrinsic” contamination of intravenous fluids in hospital bacteremia and infection.
Design: Prospective cross-sectional survey of infusate contamination, December 1992 to December 1993.
Setting: A pediatric department (1,500 admissions per year) in a general, urban teaching hospital, serving low-income patients.
Samples and Patients: Infusate samples (0.5 to 1.0 mL) from the injection port used by the staff were taken for cultures from all febrile or septic patients in hospital wards. At least four samples were taken each day; if no febrile or septic patients were available, other patients were sampled at convenience.
Results: A 6.8% positive culture rate (87 contaminates in 1,277 infusates) was obtained, without significant differences among the wards. Gram-negative organisms were recovered from 56 samples (62.9%), mainly of the tribe Klebsielleae (56.1%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated in 30 samples (33.7%). There was no significant difference between the febrile-septic group and the asymptomatic group in the rate of infusate contamination (P=.59). In eight patients, the same organisms were recovered from infusate and blood culture. The overall bacteremia rate was 2.5 per 100 discharges.
Conclusions: Compared to previous reports, higher infusate contamination rates and different organisms (mainly gram-negative) were observed. In hospitals of underdeveloped countries, nosocomial infection control frequently is disregarded. Infusate contamination may be common and could lead to gram-negative bacteremia. In such settings, it seems advisable to perform surveillance studies to identify infusate contamination, because a single infusate contamination could be a signal for an epidemic.