41 results
Improving national bird population estimates in Europe: insights from comparisons with atlas abundance data
- Sergi Herrando, Sara Fraixedas, Lluís Brotons, David Martí, Anna Staneva, Verena Keller, Petr Voříšek, Ian J. Burfield
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- Journal:
- Bird Conservation International / Volume 34 / 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 May 2024, e16
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In Europe, population estimates of breeding birds are produced nationally and are periodically compiled at EU or pan-European scales. Until now, no other source was available to explore the robustness of these estimates. In this study, we compared population sizes reported in the latest edition of the European Red List of Birds (ERLoB) with those produced using data from the second European Breeding Bird Atlas (EBBA2) to assess their consistency and determine parameters behind variability in population estimates that deserve further attention in the future. In general, European population estimates derived from summing local abundance data from EBBA2 were similar to those obtained from ERLoB, although for some species they differed considerably, particularly in those distributed mainly in southern Europe. National population estimates from EBBA2 also did not differ markedly from those in ERLoB. However, we found that EBBA2 provided larger national population sizes than ERLoB for widespread species, suggesting that spatial information is more relevant for properly assessing their population size than for localised species. Our analysis also showed that, in general, population estimates based on robust methodological protocols (e.g. complete counts, statistical inference) contributed to reducing differences between ERLoB and EBBA2 values. Interestingly, EBBA2 and ERLoB estimates were quite similar for species classified in Europe as “Threatened” or “Near Threatened”, whereas the values for “Least Concern” species were consistently different between these two sources. Our results indicate which type of species would benefit from additional efforts to improve national population estimates and their consistency across countries, issues that are of paramount importance for guiding conservation strategies in Europe.
Somatic multicomorbidity and disability in patients with psychiatric disorders in comparison to the general population: a quasi-epidemiological investigation in 54,826 subjects from 40 countries (COMET-G study)
- Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Grigorios N. Karakatsoulis, Seri Abraham, Kristina Adorjan, Helal Uddin Ahmed, Renato D. Alarcón, Kiyomi Arai, Sani Salihu Auwal, Michael Berk, Sarah Bjedov, Julio Bobes, Teresa Bobes-Bascaran, Julie Bourgin-Duchesnay, Cristina Ana Bredicean, Laurynas Bukelskis, Akaki Burkadze, Indira Indiana Cabrera Abud, Ruby Castilla-Puentes, Marcelo Cetkovich, Hector Colon-Rivera, Ricardo Corral, Carla Cortez-Vergara, Piirika Crepin, Domenico De Berardis, Sergio Zamora Delgado, David De Lucena, Avinash De Sousa, Ramona Di Stefano, Seetal Dodd, Livia Priyanka Elek, Anna Elissa, Berta Erdelyi-Hamza, Gamze Erzin, Martin J. Etchevers, Peter Falkai, Adriana Farcas, Ilya Fedotov, Viktoriia Filatova, Nikolaos K. Fountoulakis, Iryna Frankova, Francesco Franza, Pedro Frias, Tatiana Galako, Cristian J. Garay, Leticia Garcia-Álvarez, Maria Paz García-Portilla, Xenia Gonda, Tomasz M. Gondek, Daniela Morera González, Hilary Gould, Paolo Grandinetti, Arturo Grau, Violeta Groudeva, Michal Hagin, Takayuki Harada, Tasdik M. Hasan, Nurul Azreen Hashim, Jan Hilbig, Sahadat Hossain, Rossitza Iakimova, Mona Ibrahim, Felicia Iftene, Yulia Ignatenko, Matias Irarrazaval, Zaliha Ismail, Jamila Ismayilova, Asaf Jakobs, Miro Jakovljević, Nenad Jakšić, Afzal Javed, Helin Yilmaz Kafali, Sagar Karia, Olga Kazakova, Doaa Khalifa, Olena Khaustova, Steve Koh, Svetlana Kopishinskaia, Korneliia Kosenko, Sotirios A. Koupidis, Illes Kovacs, Barbara Kulig, Alisha Lalljee, Justine Liewig, Abdul Majid, Evgeniia Malashonkova, Khamelia Malik, Najma Iqbal Malik, Gulay Mammadzada, Bilvesh Mandalia, Donatella Marazziti, Darko Marčinko, Stephanie Martinez, Eimantas Matiekus, Gabriela Mejia, Roha Saeed Memon, Xarah Elenne Meza Martínez, Dalia Mickevičiūtė, Roumen Milev, Muftau Mohammed, Alejandro Molina-López, Petr Morozov, Nuru Suleiman Muhammad, Filip Mustač, Mika S. Naor, Amira Nassieb, Alvydas Navickas, Tarek Okasha, Milena Pandova, Anca-Livia Panfil, Liliya Panteleeva, Ion Papava, Mikaella E. Patsali, Alexey Pavlichenko, Bojana Pejuskovic, Mariana Pinto Da Costa, Mikhail Popkov, Dina Popovic, Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan, Francisca Vargas Ramírez, Elmars Rancans, Salmi Razali, Federico Rebok, Anna Rewekant, Elena Ninoska Reyes Flores, María Teresa Rivera-Encinas, Pilar Saiz, Manuel Sánchez de Carmona, David Saucedo Martínez, Jo Anne Saw, Görkem Saygili, Patricia Schneidereit, Bhumika Shah, Tomohiro Shirasaka, Ketevan Silagadze, Satti Sitanggang, Oleg Skugarevsky, Anna Spikina, Sridevi Sira Mahalingappa, Maria Stoyanova, Anna Szczegielniak, Simona Claudia Tamasan, Giuseppe Tavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria Tavormina, Pavlos N. Theodorakis, Mauricio Tohen, Eva Maria Tsapakis, Dina Tukhvatullina, Irfan Ullah, Ratnaraj Vaidya, Johann M. Vega-Dienstmaier, Jelena Vrublevska, Olivera Vukovic, Olga Vysotska, Natalia Widiasih, Anna Yashikhina, Panagiotis E. Prezerakos, Daria Smirnova
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- Journal:
- CNS Spectrums / Volume 29 / Issue 2 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 January 2024, pp. 126-149
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Background
The prevalence of medical illnesses is high among patients with psychiatric disorders. The current study aimed to investigate multi-comorbidity in patients with psychiatric disorders in comparison to the general population. Secondary aims were to investigate factors associated with metabolic syndrome and treatment appropriateness of mental disorders.
MethodsThe sample included 54,826 subjects (64.73% females; 34.15% males; 1.11% nonbinary gender) from 40 countries (COMET-G study). The analysis was based on the registration of previous history that could serve as a fair approximation for the lifetime prevalence of various medical conditions.
ResultsAbout 24.5% reported a history of somatic and 26.14% of mental disorders. Mental disorders were by far the most prevalent group of medical conditions. Comorbidity of any somatic with any mental disorder was reported by 8.21%. One-third to almost two-thirds of somatic patients were also suffering from a mental disorder depending on the severity and multicomorbidity. Bipolar and psychotic patients and to a lesser extent depressives, manifested an earlier (15–20 years) manifestation of somatic multicomorbidity, severe disability, and probably earlier death. The overwhelming majority of patients with mental disorders were not receiving treatment or were being treated in a way that was not recommended. Antipsychotics and antidepressants were not related to the development of metabolic syndrome.
ConclusionsThe finding that one-third to almost two-thirds of somatic patients also suffered from a mental disorder strongly suggests that psychiatry is the field with the most trans-specialty and interdisciplinary value and application points to the importance of teaching psychiatry and mental health in medical schools and also to the need for more technocratically oriented training of psychiatric residents.
Methodology for Early Design Phase Cost and Performance Trade-Off Analysis of a New Variant in a Product Family
- M. Schaffers, E. Rosseel, S. Burggraeve, J. Pelfrene, K. Gadeyne, F. Petré
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Design Society / Volume 2 / May 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 May 2022, pp. 593-602
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Given the Industry 4.0 trend towards smaller lot sizes and large product families, there is a need to increase the design efficiency in terms of cost and lead time. Design decisions taken in the early or conceptual design phases are shown to have the greatest impact on the final product cost, however the choices and trade-offs are often made in an ad-hoc way. This paper presents a structured methodology for formalizing early stage product design knowledge, which is key for designing and evaluating new variants in a product family in the early stages of the design process.
DHA mediates the protective effect of fish consumption on new episodes of depression among women
- John L. Reeves, Petr Otahal, Costan G. Magnussen, Terry Dwyer, Antti J. Kangas, Pasi Soininen, Mika Ala-Korpela, Alison J. Venn, Kylie J. Smith
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 118 / Issue 9 / 14 November 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 November 2017, pp. 743-749
- Print publication:
- 14 November 2017
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In a longitudinal cohort study of young Australian adults, we reported that for women higher baseline levels of fish consumption were associated with reduced incidence of new depressive episodes during the 5-year follow-up. Fish are high in both n-3 fatty acids and tyrosine. In this study, we seek to determine whether n-3 fatty acids or tyrosine explain the observed association. During 2004–2006, a FFQ (nine fish items) was used to estimate weekly fish consumption among 546 women aged 26–36 years. A fasting blood sample was taken and high-throughput NMR spectroscopy was used to measure 233 metabolites, including serum n-3 fatty acids and tyrosine. During 2009–2011, new episodes of depression since baseline were identified using the lifetime version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Relative risks were calculated using log-binomial regression and indirect effects estimated using the STATA binary_mediation command. Potential mediators were added to separate models, and mediation was quantified as the proportion of the total effect due to the mediator. The n-3 DHA mediated 25·3 % of the association between fish consumption and depression when fish consumption was analysed as a continuous variable and 16·6 % when dichotomised (reference group: <2 serves/week). Tyrosine did not mediate the association (<0·1 %). Components in fish other than n-3 fatty acids and tyrosine might be beneficial for women’s mental health.
Understanding the Photoluminescence Mechanism of Carbon Dots
- Zhoufeng Jiang, Marta J. Krysmann, Antonios Kelarakis, Petr Koutnik, Pavel Anzenbacher, Jr., Paul J. Roland, Randy Ellingson, Liangfeng Sun
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- MRS Advances / Volume 2 / Issue 51 / 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 June 2017, pp. 2927-2934
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- 2017
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The carbon dots were investigated to reveal their light-emitting mechanism. The fluorescence spectra of carbon dots show typically two different types of photoluminescence: the excitation-independent component in the short wavelength, and the excitation-dependent component in the longer wavelength. The UV-Vis spectrum of carbon dots shows the absorption maximum of 340 nm which should be accredited to the n-π* transition of the carbonyl group in carbon dots. Absolute quantum yields of carbon dots dispersed in Polyvinyl alcohol is around 15% when the excitation wavelength is less than 425 nm, but decreases continuously when the excitation wavelength increases. The decay lifetimes of the carbon dots also show an abrupt change at excitation wavelength 425 nm. Time resolved photoluminescence was implemented from 31K to 291K to study the photoluminescence decay dynamics of carbon dots, resulting in the continuously decreasing of the lifetime as the temperature increases.
Zig-zag Self-assembly of Magnetic Octahedral Fe3O4 Nanocrystals using in situ Liquid Transmission Electron Microscopy
- Arnaud Demortiere, Charudatta Phatak, Andras Kovacs, Jan Caron, Nikita Repnin, Martial Duchamp, Nestor J. Zaluzec, Petr Kral, Igor S. Aranson, Rafal Dunin-Borkowski, Alexey Snezhko, Dean Miller
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- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 22 / Issue S5 / November 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2016, pp. 36-37
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- November 2016
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Calcineurin role in porcine oocyte activation
- L. Tůmová, E. Chmelíková, T. Žalmanová, V. Kučerová-Chrpová, R. Romar, M. Dvořáková, K. Hošková, J. Petr
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Calcineurin is required for oocyte exit from meiotic block in metaphase II (MII) stage in invertebrates and also in lower vertebrates. However, the role of calcineurin in mammalian oocyte activation is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether calcineurin is involved in the processes regulating porcine oocyte activation. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated localization of both calcineurin subunits, CnA and CnB, especially in the cortex area of MII oocytes, in vitro fertilized and also parthenogenetically activated oocytes. After activation, the fluorescence intensity of the protein in the cortex area of oocytes remains unchanged; the protein calcineurin in the cytoplasm was recorded mainly around the pronuclei. Treatment of matured oocytes with calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporin A (CsA) and hymenistatin I (HS-I), followed by activation with calcium ionophore A23187, significantly decreased the rate of activated oocytes compared to oocytes that were treated only with calcium ionophore (Ca-Io), (CsA+Ca-Io 25.0% v. Ca-Io 83.3%; HS-I+Ca-Io 32.5% v. Ca-Io 85.0%). Compared to the control, CsA treatment of matured oocytes followed by activation with Ca-Io did not affect the activity level of metaphase-promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in activated oocytes evaluated by kinase activity assay. Simultaneous staining of calcineurin and cortical granule content in matured oocytes showed that calcineurin distributed in the cortical area of the oocyte has not been colocalized with cortical granules content. On the other hand, the calcineurin inhibition before parthenogenetic activation leads to a reduction of the cortical reaction level compared to oocytes that were not treated with CsA (complete exocytosis: CsA+Ca-Io 2.6% v. Ca-Io 83.9%; sum of cortical granule brightness: CsA + Ca-Io 0.69 v. Ca-Io 0.15). Our results showed that calcineurin is involved in the process of pig oocyte activation and cortical granule exocytosis; however this regulation seems to be MPF and MAPK independent.
Relationship of suicide rates to economic variables in Europe: 2000–2011
- Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Wolfram Kawohl, Pavlos N. Theodorakis, Ad J. F. M. Kerkhof, Alvydas Navickas, Cyril Höschl, Dusica Lecic-Tosevski, Eliot Sorel, Elmars Rancans, Eva Palova, Georg Juckel, Goran Isacsson, Helena Korosec Jagodic, Ileana Botezat-Antonescu, Ingeborg Warnke, Janusz Rybakowski, Jean Michel Azorin, John Cookson, John Waddington, Peter Pregelj, Koen Demyttenaere, Luchezar G. Hranov, Lidija Injac Stevovic, Lucas Pezawas, Marc Adida, Maria Luisa Figuera, Maurizio Pompili, Miro Jakovljević, Monica Vichi, Giulio Perugi, Ole Andreassen, Olivera Vukovic, Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou, Peeter Varnik, Per Bech, Peter Dome, Petr Winkler, Raimo K. R. Salokangas, Tiina From, Vita Danileviciute, Xenia Gonda, Zoltan Rihmer, Jonas Forsman Benhalima, Anne Grady, Anne Katrine Kloster Leadholm, Susan Soendergaard, Carlos Nordt, Juan Lopez-Ibor
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 205 / Issue 6 / December 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 486-496
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- December 2014
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Background
It is unclear whether there is a direct link between economic crises and changes in suicide rates.
AimsThe Lopez-Ibor Foundation launched an initiative to study the possible impact of the economic crisis on European suicide rates.
MethodData was gathered and analysed from 29 European countries and included the number of deaths by suicide in men and women, the unemployment rate, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the annual economic growth rate and inflation.
ResultsThere was a strong correlation between suicide rates and all economic indices except GPD per capita in men but only a correlation with unemployment in women. However, the increase in suicide rates occurred several months before the economic crisis emerged.
ConclusionsOverall, this study confirms a general relationship between the economic environment and suicide rates; however, it does not support there being a clear causal relationship between the current economic crisis and an increase in the suicide rate.
Infections by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Jordanian equids: epidemiology and genetic diversity
- MONEEB A. QABLAN, MIROSLAV OBORNÍK, KLÁRA J. PETRŽELKOVÁ, MICHAL SLOBODA, MUSTAFA F. SHUDIEFAT, PETR HOŘÍN, JULIUS LUKEŠ, DAVID MODRÝ
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- Parasitology / Volume 140 / Issue 9 / August 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2013, pp. 1096-1103
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Microscopic diagnosis of equine piroplasmoses, caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, is hindered by low parasitaemia during the latent phase of the infections. However, this constraint can be overcome by the application of PCR followed by sequencing. Out of 288 animals examined, the piroplasmid DNA was detected in 78 (27·1%). Multiplex PCR indicated that T. equi (18·8%) was more prevalent than B. caballi (7·3%), while mixed infections were conspicuously absent. Sequences of 69 PCR amplicons obtained by the ‘catch-all’ PCR were in concordance with those amplified by the multiplex strategy. Computed minimal adequate model analyses for both equine piroplasmid species separately showed a significant effect of host species and age in the case of T. equi, while in the B. caballi infections only the correlation with host sex was significant. Phylogenetic analyses inferred the occurrence of three genotypes of T. equi and B. caballi. Moreover, a novel genotype C of B. caballi was identified. The dendrogram based on obtained sequences of T. equi revealed possible speciation events. The infections with T. equi and B. caballi are enzootic in all ecozones of Jordan and different genotypes circulate wherever dense horse population exists.
Blood profiling of proteins and steroids during weight maintenance with manipulation of dietary protein level and glycaemic index – CORRIGENDUM
- Ping Wang, Claus Holst, Arne Astrup, Freek G. Bouwman, Sanne van Otterdijk, Will K. W. H. Wodzig, Malene R. Andersen, Marleen A. van Baak, Lone G. Rasmussen, J. Alfredo Martinez, Susan A. Jebb, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer, Anthony Kafatos, Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska, Petr Hlavaty, Wim H. M. Saris, Edwin C. M. Mariman
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 110 / Issue 5 / 14 September 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2013, p. 971
- Print publication:
- 14 September 2013
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Influence of SNPs in nutrient-sensitive candidate genes and gene–diet interactions on blood lipids: the DiOGenes study
- Lena K. Brahe, Lars Ängquist, Lesli H. Larsen, Karani S. Vimaleswaran, Jörg Hager, Nathalie Viguerie, Ruth J. F. Loos, Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska, Susan A. Jebb, Petr Hlavaty, Thomas M. Larsen, J. Alfredo Martinez, Angeliki Papadaki, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer, Marleen A. van Baak, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Claus Holst, Dominique Langin, Arne Astrup, Wim H. M. Saris
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- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 110 / Issue 5 / 14 September 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 January 2013, pp. 790-796
- Print publication:
- 14 September 2013
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Blood lipid response to a given dietary intervention could be determined by the effect of diet, gene variants or gene–diet interactions. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether variants in presumed nutrient-sensitive genes involved in lipid metabolism modified lipid profile after weight loss and in response to a given diet, among overweight European adults participating in the Diet Obesity and Genes study. By multiple linear regressions, 240 SNPs in twenty-four candidate genes were investigated for SNP main and SNP–diet interaction effects on total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and TAG after an 8-week low-energy diet (only main effect), and a 6-month ad libitum weight maintenance diet, with different contents of dietary protein or glycaemic index. After adjusting for multiple testing, a SNP–dietary protein interaction effect on TAG was identified for lipin 1 (LPIN1) rs4315495, with a decrease in TAG of − 0·26 mmol/l per A-allele/protein unit (95 % CI − 0·38, − 0·14, P= 0·000043). In conclusion, we investigated SNP–diet interactions for blood lipid profiles for 240 SNPs in twenty-four candidate genes, selected for their involvement in lipid metabolism pathways, and identified one significant interaction between LPIN1 rs4315495 and dietary protein for TAG concentration.
Pyrethroids cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate have different effects on in vitro maturation of pig oocytes at different stages of growth
- J. Petr, E. Chmelíková, T. Žalmanová, L. Tůmová, K. Kheilová, V. Kučerová-Chrpová, F. Jílek
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Pesticides can significantly harm reproduction in animals and people. Pyrethroids are often used as insecticides, and their toxicity for mammals is considered to be low. However, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate – as potent specific inhibitors of protein phosphatase calcineurin – can influence the meiosis of mammalian oocytes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of these pyrethroids on the in vitro maturation of pig oocytes at different levels of meiotic competence. Under the tested concentrations, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate neither had a significant effect on the viability of oocytes nor did they induce significant degeneration of oocytes. However, these pyrethroids significantly affected meiotic maturation. The effects depended on the stage of meiotic competence of the oocytes. Maturation of growing pig oocytes with partial meiotic competence was induced. On the other hand, in fully grown pig oocytes with full meiotic competence, maturation in vitro was delayed. The specificity of these effects was further supported by the same effect of non-pyrethroidal inhibitors of calcineurin – cyclosporin A or hymenistatin I – on the maturation of oocytes with different levels of meiotic competence. However, pyrethroids, which do not inhibit calcineurin – allethrin or permethrin – had no effect on pig oocyte maturation. We demonstrated a significant effect of pyrethroids on the maturation of mammalian oocytes under in vitro conditions. This indicates that exposure to these substances could affect the fertility of people or animals.
The effect of protein kinase C activator and nitric oxide donor on oocyte activation and cortical granule exocytosis in porcine eggs
- L. Tůmová, R. Romar, J. Petr, M. Sedmíková
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Nitric oxide (NO) and protein kinase C (PKC) are involved in the activation of mammalian oocytes, although their role in the exit from the metaphase II stage and cortical granule (CG) exocytosis is still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to verify whether the NO-donor together with specific PKC-activators induce the complete activation of porcine oocytes assessed as meiosis resumption and a cortical reaction. Pig maturated oocytes were treated with the NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 2 mM) or PKC-activators such as phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, 100 nM), 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG, 400 μM) and l-α-phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dipalmitoyl heptaammonium salt (DPAM, 2 μM). To study the combined effect of NO-donor and PKC-activators, aliquots of oocytes were also incubated with SNAP (0.5 mM) together with PKC-activators at the same concentration as above (SNAP–DPAM, SNAP–OAG and SNAP–PMA groups). After invitro maturation, an aliquot of oocytes was placed in a fresh medium without NO-donor or PKC-activators (Control group). Another aliquot of oocytes was activated by calcium ionophore A23187 (25 μM, 5 min). The results showed that 0% of the control oocytes reassumed meiosis. However, both the PKC-activators (DPAM 44.0 ± 10.0%, OAG 63.3 ± 1.0% and PMA 45.0 ± 16.5%) as well as the NO-donor alone (48.7 ± 21.0%) significantly induced exit from MII. Interestingly, the combination of PKC-activators and SNAP mainly restrained to the meiosis resumption (SNAP–OAG 0, SNAP–DPAM 17.4 ± 2.5% and SNAP–PMA 38.4 ± 8.5%). Control oocytes did not show a cortical reaction and the area occupied by CG reached 25.9 ± 1.7%, whereas CGs were partially released after Ca2+ ionophore treatment (13.0 ± 3.2%). Treatment with PKC-activators induced a cortical reaction compared with the control group (8.6 ± 2.5, 6.7 ± 1.9 and 0.7 ± 0.4%, respectively, for DPAM, OAG and PMA groups). However, treatment with the NO-donor alone (SNAP group 17.2 ± 2.2%) or combined with any PKC-activator prevented cortical reaction (SNAP–DPAM 20.7 ± 2.6%, SNAP–OAG 16.7 ± 2.9% or SNAP–PMA 20.0 ± 2.4%). Besides, meiosis resumption was not always accompanied by a cortical reaction, indicating that these two activation events are independent. In conclusion, PKC-activators alone induce CG exocytosis to the same degree as calcium ionophore. However, an NO-donor alone or combined with PKC-activators is not able to induce a cortical reaction in pig oocytes.
Blood profiling of proteins and steroids during weight maintenance with manipulation of dietary protein level and glycaemic index
- Ping Wang, Claus Holst, Arne Astrup, Freek G. Bouwman, Sanne van Otterdijk, Will K. W. H. Wodzig, Malene R. Andersen, Marleen A. van Baak, Lone G. Rasmussen, J. Alfredo Martinez, Susan A. Jebb, Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer, Anthony Kafatos, Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska, Petr Hlavaty, Wim H. M. Saris, Edwin C. M. Mariman
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 107 / Issue 1 / 14 January 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 June 2011, pp. 106-119
- Print publication:
- 14 January 2012
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Weight regain after weight loss is common. In the Diogenes dietary intervention study, a high-protein and low-glycaemic index (GI) diet improved weight maintenance. The objective of the present study was to identify (1) blood profiles associated with continued weight loss and weight regain (2) blood biomarkers of dietary protein and GI levels during the weight-maintenance phase. Blood samples were collected at baseline, after 8 weeks of low-energy diet-induced weight loss and after a 6-month dietary intervention period from female continued weight losers (n 48) and weight regainers (n 48), evenly selected from four dietary groups that varied in protein and GI levels. The blood concentrations of twenty-nine proteins and three steroid hormones were measured. The changes in analytes during weight maintenance largely correlated negatively with the changes during weight loss, with some differences between continued weight losers and weight regainers. Increases in leptin (LEP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with weight regain (P < 0·001 and P = 0·005, respectively), and these relationships were influenced by the diet. Consuming a high-protein and high-GI diet dissociated the positive relationship between the change in LEP concentration and weight regain. CRP increased during the weight-maintenance period only in weight regainers with a high-protein diet (P < 0·001). In addition, testosterone, luteinising hormone, angiotensinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4, insulin, glucagon, haptoglobin and growth hormone were also affected by the dietary intervention. The blood profile reflects not only the weight change during the maintenance period, but also the macronutrient composition of the dietary intervention, especially the protein level.
Nitric oxide and meiotic competence of porcine oocytes
- H. Tichovská, J. Petr, E. Chmelíková, M. Sedmíková, L. Tůmová, M. Krejčová, A. Dörflerová, R. Rajmon
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Reproductive biotechnology such as in vitro fertilization, the creation of transgenic animals or cloning by nuclear transfer depends on the use of fully grown, meiotically competent oocytes capable of completing meiotic maturation by reaching the stage of metaphase II. However, there exists only a limited quantity of these oocytes in the ovaries of females. In view of their limited number, growing oocytes without meiotic competence represent a possible source. The mechanisms controlling the acquisition of meiotic competence, however, are still not completely clear. A gas with a short half-life, nitric oxide (NO), produced by NO-synthase (NOS) enzyme can fulfill a regulatory role in this period. The objective of this study was to ascertain the role of NO in the growth phase of pig oocytes and its influence on the acquisition of meiotic competence with the help of NOS inhibitors, NO donors and their combinations. We demonstrated that the selective competitive iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine and also the non-selective NOS inhibitor l-NAME block meiotic maturation of oocytes with partial or even full meiotic competence at the very beginning. NOS inhibitors influence even competent oocytes in the first stage of meiotic metaphase. However, blockage is less effective than at the beginning of meiotic maturation. The number of parthenogenetically activated competent oocytes greatly increased in a pure medium after inhibitor reversion. A large quantity of NO externally added to the in vitro cultivation environment disrupts the viability of oocytes. The effectiveness of the inhibitor can be reversed in oocytes by an NO donor in a very low concentration. However, the donor is not capable of pushing the oocytes farther than beyond the first stage of meiotic metaphase. The experiments confirmed the connection of NO with the growth period and the acquisition of meiotic competence. However, it is evident from the experiments that NO is not the only stimulus controlling the growth period.
Ultraviolet-Bright Type IIP Supernovae from Massive Red Supergiants
- Takashi J. Moriya, Nozomu Tominaga, Sergei I. Blinnikov, Petr V. Baklanov, Elena I. Sorokina
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 7 / Issue S279 / April 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 September 2012, pp. 54-57
- Print publication:
- April 2011
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Red supergiants (RSGs) are progenitors of Type IIP supernovae (SNe). It is suggested that RSGs can experience a mass loss with a very high mass-loss rate (even as high as 0.01 M⊙ yr−1) due to, e.g., dynamical instabilities of their envelopes (e.g., Yoon & Cantiello (2010)). Because of the extensive mass loss, RSGs can have very dense circumstellar medium (CSM) around them. If a SN explosion occurs soon after the extensive mass loss of a RSG, the SN ejecta will collide with the dense CSM. Due to the collision, the kinetic energy of the ejecta is converted to radiation energy and such SNe with collision can be brighter than usual Type IIP SNe. By performing one-dimensional multi-group radiation hydrodynamical calculations, we investigate the effects of the collision on Type IIP SN LCs. We show that if RSGs explode within a dense CSM, the SN will be very bright, especially in ultraviolet, at early epochs. We also compare our models with the ultraviolet-bright Type IIP SN 2009kf and show that the progenitor of SN 2009kf can be a massive RSG which experienced extensive mass loss just before its explosion. We conclude that this is evidence that massive RSGs experience extensive mass loss and the existence of such mass loss can actually be the cause of the contradiction between theoretical and observational mass ranges of Type IIP SN progenitors.
Phylogeny, phylogeography and genetic diversity of the Pisum genus
- Petr Smýkal, Gregory Kenicer, Andrew J. Flavell, Jukka Corander, Oleg Kosterin, Robert J. Redden, Rebecca Ford, Clarice J. Coyne, Nigel Maxted, Mike J. Ambrose, Noel T. H. Ellis
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- Plant Genetic Resources / Volume 9 / Issue 1 / April 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 November 2010, pp. 4-18
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The tribe Fabeae (formerly Vicieae) contains some of humanity's most important grain legume crops, namely Lathyrus (grass pea/sweet pea/chickling vetches; about 160 species); Lens (lentils; 4 species); Pisum (peas; 3 species); Vicia (vetches; about 140 species); and the monotypic genus Vavilovia. Reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships within this group is essential for understanding the origin and diversification of these crops. Our study, based on molecular data, has positioned Pisum genetically between Vicia and Lathyrus and shows it to be closely allied to Vavilovia. A study of phylogeography, using a combination of plastid and nuclear markers, suggested that wild pea spread from its centre of origin, the Middle East, eastwards to the Caucasus, Iran and Afghanistan, and westwards to the Mediterranean. To allow for direct data comparison, we utilized model-based Bayesian Analysis of Population structure (BAPS) software on 4429 Pisum accessions from three large world germplasm collections that include both wild and domesticated pea analyzed by retrotransposon-based markers. An analysis of genetic diversity identified separate clusters containing wild material, distinguishing Pisum fulvum, P. elatius and P. abyssinicum, supporting the view of separate species or subspecies. Moreover, accessions of domesticated peas of Afghan, Ethiopian and Chinese origin were distinguished. In addition to revealing the genetic relationships, these results also provided insight into geographical and phylogenetic partitioning of genetic diversity. This study provides the framework for defining global Pisum germplasm diversity as well as suggesting a model for the domestication of the cultivated species. These findings, together with gene-based sequence analysis, show that although introgression from wild species has been common throughout pea domestication, much of the diversity still resides in wild material and could be used further in breeding. Moreover, although existing collections contain over 10,000 pea accessions, effort should be directed towards collecting more wild material in order to preserve the genetic diversity of the species.
Activation of protein kinase C suppresses fragmentation of pig oocytes aged in vitro
- J. Petr, M. Krejčová, R. Rajmon, F. Jílek
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When cultured for an extended time, pig oocytes that matured in vitro to the stage of metaphase II undergo the complex process designated as ageing. Under our conditions, some pig oocytes aged 3 days remained at the stage of metaphase II (22%), but others underwent spontaneous parthenogenetic activation (45%), and still others perished through fragmentation (28%) or lysis (5%). Activation of protein kinases C (PKCs) using phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) protects oocytes from fragmentation. None of the oocytes were fragmented after 3 days of aging in 50 nM of PMA. A similar effect (8% of fragmented oocytes) was observed after a 3-day treatment of aging oocytes with 100 μM of 1-stearoyl-2arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (STEAR). PMA and STEAR activate both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent PKCs. This combined effect on PKCs seems to be essential for the protection of oocytes from fragmentation. Neither the specific activator of calcium-dependent PKCs 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OLE) nor the specific activator of calcium-independent PKCs dipalmitoyl-l-α-phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate heptaammonium salt (DIPALM) suppressed the fragmentation of aging pig oocytes. Twenty-one percentage of oocytes fragmented when aged for 3 days in 10 μM OLE and 26% of aged oocytes fragmented in 100 nM of DIPALM. However, fragmentation was significantly suppressed to 7% when the oocytes were exposed to the combination of both 10 μM OLE and 100 nM DIPALM. Aging pig oocytes cultured for 1 day with PMA maintained a high capability of being parthenogenetically activated (86% of activated oocytes), using calcium ionophore with 6-dimethylaminopurine. Ageing oocytes treated with PMA also had high capability of cleavage (82%) after their artificial parthenogenetic activation. However, their ability to develop to the stage of blastocyst (12%) was suppressed when compared with oocytes activated immediately after their maturation (29%).
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. 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Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. 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Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Bistability between a stationary and an oscillatory dynamo in a turbulent flow of liquid sodium
- M. BERHANU, B. GALLET, R. MONCHAUX, M. BOURGOIN, PH. ODIER, J.-F. PINTON, N. PLIHON, R. VOLK, S. FAUVE, N. MORDANT, F. PÉTRÉLIS, S. AUMAÎTRE, A. CHIFFAUDEL, F. DAVIAUD, B. DUBRULLE, F. RAVELET
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 641 / 25 December 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 November 2009, pp. 217-226
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We report the first experimental observation of a bistable dynamo regime. A turbulent flow of liquid sodium is generated between two disks in the von Kármán geometry (VKS experiment). When one disk is kept at rest, bistability is observed between a stationary and an oscillatory magnetic field. The stationary and oscillatory branches occur in the vicinity of a codimension-two bifurcation that results from the coupling between two modes of magnetic field. We present an experimental study of the two regimes and study in detail the region of bistability that we understand in terms of dynamical system theory. Despite the very turbulent nature of the flow, the bifurcations of the magnetic field are correctly described by a low-dimensional model. In addition, the different regimes are robust; i.e. turbulent fluctuations do not drive any transition between the oscillatory and stationary states in the region of bistability.