5 results
78 Remotely monitored in-home IADLs can discriminate between normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment
- Destiny J Weaver, Chao-Yi Wu, Zachary Beattie, Samuel Lee, Catherine H Ju, Kayla Chan, John Ferguson, Hiroko Dodge, Adriana Hughes
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 381-382
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Objective:
Approximately 6.5 million Americans ages 65 and older have Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, a prevalence projected to triple by 2060. While subtle impairment in cognition and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) arises in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phase, early detection of these insidious changes is difficult to capture given limitations. Traditional IADL assessments administered infrequently are less sensitive to early MCI and not conducive to tracking subtle changes that precede significant declines. Continuous passive monitoring of IADLs using sensors and software in home environments is a promising alternative. The purpose of this study was to determine which remotely monitored IADLs best distinguish between MCI and normal cognition.
Participants and Methods:Participants were 65 years or older, independently community-dwelling, and had at least one daily medication and home internet access. Clinical assessments were performed at baseline. Electronic pillboxes (MedTracker) and computer software (Worktime) measured daily medication and computer habits using the Oregon Center for Aging and Technology (ORCATECH) platform. The Survey for Memory, Attention, and Reaction Time (SMART; Trail A, Trail B, and Stroop Tests) is a self-administered digital cognitive assessment that was deployed monthly. IADL data was aggregated for each participant at baseline (first 90 days) in each domain and various features developed for each. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) was calculated for each feature.
Results:Traditional IADL Questionnaires.
At baseline, 103 participants (normal n = 59, Mage = 73.6±5.5; MCI n = 44, Mage = 76.0±6.1) completed three functional questionnaires (Functional Activities Questionnaire; Measurement of Everyday Cognition (ECog), both self-report and informant). The Informant ECog demonstrated the highest AUC (72% AUC, p = <.001).
Remotely monitored in-home IADLs and self-administered brief online cognitive test performance.
Eighty-four had medication data (normal n = 48, Mage = 73.2±5.4; MCI n = 36, Mage = 75.6±6.9). Four features related to pillbox-use frequency (73% AUC) and four features related to pillbox-use time (62% AUC) were developed. The discrepancy between self-reported frequency of use versus actual use was the most discriminating (67% AUC, p = .03).
Sixty-six had computer data (normal n = 38, Mage = 73.6±6.1; MCI n = 28, Mage = 76.6±6.8). Average usage time showed 64% AUC (p = .048) and usage variability showed 60% AUC (p = .18).
One hundred and two completed the SMART (normal n = 59, Mage = 73.6±5.5; MCI n = 43, Mage = 75.9±6.2). Eleven features related to survey completion time demonstrated 80% AUC in discriminating cognition. Eleven features related to the number of clicks during the survey demonstrated 70% AUC. Lastly, seven mouse movement features demonstrated 71% AUC.
Conclusions:Pillbox use frequency combined features and self-administered brief online cognitive test combined features (e.g., completion times, mouse cursor movements) have acceptable to excellent ability to discriminate between normal cognition and MCI and are relatively comparable to informant rated IADL questionnaires. General computer usage habits demonstrated lower discriminatory ability. Our approach has applied implications for detecting and tracking older adults’ declining cognition and function in real world contexts.
34 Association Between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mental Wellbeing in Normal Cognition and MCI Older Adults
- Kayla Y Chan, Samuel Lee, Catherine H Ju, Destiny J Weaver, John Ferguson, Adriana Hughes
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 344-345
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Objective:
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD, i.e., perceived cognitive decline without neuropsychological deficits) is associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology and increased risk for cognitive impairment but is heterogenous in etiology and has been linked to other factors including personality and depression. Mental wellbeing (i.e., the perception and functioning of social, emotional, and health-related aspects of one’s life) has been associated with subjective memory complaints, but its relationship with other subjective cognitive domains is poorly understood. Further characterizing the relationship between mental wellbeing and SCD could refine understanding of SCD and inform development of interventions that prevent progression to objective cognitive decline. This study aimed to describe the relationship between mental wellbeing and subjective decline in multiple cognitive domains and examine whether this relationship differs between older adults with normal cognition and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Participants and Methods:Community-dwelling older adults (normal: n = 58, Mage = 73.7±5.6; MCI: n = 43, Mage = 75.9±6.1) completed the Everyday Cognition scale, a validated self-report measure of SCD, and the RAND-36 Health Survey, a validated self-report measure of health-related quality of life which includes a mental wellbeing subscale. Spearman’s rank correlations were conducted between self-reported mental wellbeing and each self-reported cognitive domain (i.e., memory, language, visuospatial, and executive function) for the Normal Cognition and MCI groups.
Results:Worse mental wellbeing was associated with worse subjective language and executive function in the normal group, rs(56) = -.42, p =.001; rs(56) = -.37, p =.005, but not for the MCI group, rs(41) = -.23, p =.15; rs(41) = -.12, p =.46. Worse mental wellbeing was associated with worse subjective visuospatial function in the MCI group, rs(41) = -.39, p =.009, but not in the normal group, rs(56) = -.11, p =.39. For both groups, worse mental wellbeing was associated with worse subjective memory, rs(56) = -.45, p < .001; rs(41) = -.37, p =.02. While this correlation was greater in the normal group, the difference was not significant (z = 0.38, p =.71).
Conclusions:These results suggest that perceptions of mental wellbeing are related to perceptions of cognitive decline in multiple domains, and that the specific domains involved differ between normal and MCI groups. The differential associations may mean perception of specific cognitive domains more strongly affect mental wellbeing, or mental wellbeing more acutely influences perception of those domains. The overall observed relationship between SCD and mental wellbeing may have several explanations: the impact of broader health perceptions may extend to cognitive perception, behavioral changes associated with poor wellbeing may reduce subjective cognitive function, or worse subjective cognitive function may lead to negative experiences of wellbeing. Future longitudinal investigation could inform causal inferences. The more limited associations between mental wellbeing and SCD among MCI individuals may point to the role of decreased self-awareness (due to cognitive impairment) precluding detection of subtle changes in cognition or wellbeing. This study highlights the importance of better understanding mental wellbeing in experiences of SCD in both normal and MCI older adults to improve cognitive and mental health outcomes.
Baltimore Is Burning: Can I-O Psychologists Help Extinguish the Flames?
- Enrica N. Ruggs, Michelle R. Hebl, Verónica Caridad Rabelo, Kayla B. Weaver, Joy Kovacs, Andeneshea S. Kemp
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- Journal:
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology / Volume 9 / Issue 3 / September 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 May 2016, pp. 525-547
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Recent media coverage has called attention to what some see as an unreasonable use of force by law enforcement officers against unarmed Black citizens. Many of these incidents have stirred widespread concern, as there has been a large public outcry indicating that the incidents appear to have racial undertones, which is particularly pronounced given the fatal consequences that are too frequent. This article focuses on how psychological research on racial bias can explain some of the cognitive and affective processes that could be influencing law enforcement officer behavior in at least some of these incidents. Further, we discuss how industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists can use this research and leverage current practices within the field to develop solutions and effectively deal with individual racial biases among officers within the law enforcement community. We also discuss avenues of future research within I-O psychology and hope to spark a conversation within the I-O community about additional ways the field can address tensions that have arisen between law enforcement and different communities regarding perceptions of excessive use of force by officers.
I-O at a Crossroad: The Value of an Intersectional Research Approach
- Kayla Weaver, Matthew P. Crayne, Kisha S. Jones
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- Industrial and Organizational Psychology / Volume 9 / Issue 1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2016, pp. 197-206
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The focal article written by Bergman and Jean (2016) draws attention to a critical void in the industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology domain: the study of low- and medium-skill workers. Although segmenting employees based on their job status may provide new conceptualizations of employee work experiences, this approach may not provide the nuanced view necessary to fully comprehend the many ways in which employees differentially experience the workplace. Within this category of workers, experiences may vary based on employees’ race, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), or other identity-defining characteristics, and these person-specific identities may interact with one another. An intersectional research approach provides a foundation on which researchers can more fully understand how individuals’ multiple social identities interact to affect their workplace experiences. In the commentary that follows, we provide an overview of intersectional research and describe how such a perspective would lead to meaningful developments within I-O psychology.
A Convenient Solution: Using MTurk To Sample From Hard-To-Reach Populations
- Nicholas A. Smith, Isaac E. Sabat, Larry R. Martinez, Kayla Weaver, Shi Xu
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- Journal:
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology / Volume 8 / Issue 2 / June 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 July 2015, pp. 220-228
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We agree with Landers and Behrend's (2015) proposition that Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) may provide great opportunities for organizational research samples. However, some groups are characteristically difficult to recruit because they are stigmatized or socially disenfranchised (Birman, 2005; Miller, Forte, Wilson, & Greene, 2006; Sullivan & Cain, 2004; see Campbell, Adams, & Patterson, 2008, for a review). These groups may include individuals who have not previously been the focus of much organizational research, such as those of low socioeconomic status; individuals with disabilities; lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) individuals; or victims of workplace harassment. As Landers and Behrend (2015) point out, there is an overrepresentation of research using “Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic” participants. It is important to extend research beyond these samples to examine workplace phenomena that are specific to special populations. We contribute to this argument by noting the particular usefulness that MTurk can provide for sampling from hard-to-reach populations, which we characterize as groups that are in the numerical minority in terms of nationwide representation. To clarify, we focus our discussion on populations that are traditionally hard to reach in the context of contemporary organizational research within the United States.