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Stable Isotope Evolution of Volcanic Ash Layers During Diagenesis of the Miocene Monterey Formation, California
- J. S. Compton, M. E. Conrad, T. W. Vennemann
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- Journal:
- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 47 / Issue 1 / February 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2024, pp. 84-95
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The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of volcanic ash layers from coastal outcrops of the Miocene Monterey Formation elucidate the progressive burial diagenesis of glass to bentonite and metabentonite. Volcanic glass that texturally appears unaltered is found to have δl8O and δD values that are significantly higher than fresh volcanic glasses. The positive shift in δ18O and δD values is proportional to the amount of hydration and chemical alteration of the glass samples. Initial hydration of the glass results in the exchange of Na for H; later hydration results in the loss of K and Fe in exchange for H and Na. The δ18O values of the most hydrated glass, and clay minerals from bentonite and metabentonite layers are approximately in equilibrium with slightly modified seawater. The δD values of the hydrated glass, and clay minerals from bentonite and metabentonite layers, are significantly depleted in D relative to seawater and suggest meteoric exchange associated with tectonic uplift and erosion in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Smectite from bentonite layers has δ18O and δD values similar to the most hydrated glass samples, suggesting similar glass-water and smectite-water fractionation factors. Kaolinite and mixed-layered illite-smectite (I-S) altered from smectite have lower δ18O and higher δD values than their precursor. The δ18O and δD of nonvolcanic siliceous mudstones from the Pt. Arguello oil field show an unusual decrease in δD with increasing burial depth that probably reflects the presence of organic hydrogen in the analyzed samples as well as possible D-depleted formation waters from detrital illite-water and hydrocarbon-water exchange.
Oxygen Isotope Compositions of Mixed-Layer Serpentine-Chlorite and Illite-Smectite in the Tuscaloosa Formation (U.S. Gulf Coast): Implications for Pore Fluids and Mineralogic Reactions
- P. C. Ryan, M. E. Conrad, K. Brown, C. P. Chamberlain, R. C. Reynolds, Jr.
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- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 46 / Issue 4 / August 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2024, pp. 357-368
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Oxygen isotopic compositions were determined for coexisting mixed-layer serpentine-chlorite (Sp-Ch) and illite-smectite (I-S) from 5 Tuscaloosa Formation sandstone cores sampled between 1937 and 5470 m burial depth. High gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) was used to concentrate Sp-Ch and I-S from the <0.5 μm fraction of each core sample into fractions with a range in the Sp-Ch: I-S ratio, and end-member δ18O compositions were determined by extrapolation. The Sp-Ch δ18O values range from + 10.4 to 13.7% and increase with burial between 3509 and 5470 m. The only exception is Sp-Ch from 1937 m, which has an anomalously high δ18O value of +12.6‰ The I-S δ18O values range from +16.1 to 17.3% and do not change significantly between 3509 and 5470 m burial depth.
Pore water δ18O compositions calculated from Sp-Ch and I-S values and measured borehole temperatures range from −2.6 to +10.3‰ The isotopically light values indicate that Sp-Ch formed at shallow burial depths in the presence of brackish to marine water and/or meteoric water. The depth-related increase in δ18O of Sp-Ch is attributed to oxygen exchange between mineral and pore water during diagenetic mineral reactions. Increasing δ18O values, in conjunction with XRD and SEM data, indicate that transformation of serpentine layers to chlorite layers and Ibb polytype layers to Iaa polytype layers occurred on a layer-by-layer basis when individual layers dissolved and recrystallized within the confines of coherent crystals. Possible explanations for the variation in I-S δ18O values include depth-related differences in pore water δ18O values present at the time of I-S crystallization, contamination by detrital 2M, mica and 1M polytype rotations that facilitated oxygen exchange.
Maternal fish consumption and child neurodevelopment in Nutrition 1 Cohort: Seychelles Child Development Study
- Marie C. Conway, Alison J. Yeates, Tanzy M. Love, Daniel Weller, Emeir M. McSorley, Maria S. Mulhern, Maria Wesolowska, Gene E. Watson, Gary J. Myers, Conrad F. Shamlaye, Juliette Henderson, Philip W. Davidson, Edwin van Wijngaarden, J. J. Strain
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 130 / Issue 8 / 28 October 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2023, pp. 1366-1372
- Print publication:
- 28 October 2023
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Maternal fish consumption exposes the fetus to beneficial nutrients and potentially adverse neurotoxicants. The current study investigated associations between maternal fish consumption and child neurodevelopmental outcomes. Maternal fish consumption was assessed in the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 1 (n 229) using 4-day food diaries. Neurodevelopment was evaluated at 9 and 30 months, and 5 and 9 years with test batteries assessing twenty-six endpoints and covering multiple neurodevelopmental domains. Analyses used multiple linear regression with adjustment for covariates known to influence child neurodevelopment. This cohort consumed an average of 8 fish meals/week and the total fish intake during pregnancy was 106·8 (sd 61·9) g/d. Among the twenty-six endpoints evaluated in the primary analysis there was one beneficial association. Children whose mothers consumed larger quantities of fish performed marginally better on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (a test of nonverbal intelligence) at age 5 years (β 0·003, 95 % CI (0, 0·005)). A secondary analysis dividing fish consumption into tertiles found no significant associations when comparing the highest and lowest consumption groups. In this cohort, where fish consumption is substantially higher than current global recommendations, maternal fish consumption during pregnancy was not beneficially or adversely associated with children’s neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Migration history and risk of psychosis: results from the multinational EU-GEI study
- Ilaria Tarricone, Giuseppe D'Andrea, Hannah E. Jongsma, Sarah Tosato, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Simona A. Stilo, Federico Suprani, Conrad Iyegbe, Els van der Ven, Diego Quattrone, Marta di Forti, Eva Velthorst, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Celso Arango, Mara Parellada, Antonio Lasalvia, Caterina La Cascia, Laura Ferraro, Julio Bobes, Miguel Bernardo, Iulio Sanjuán, Jose Luis Santos, Manuel Arrojo, Cristina Marta Del-Ben, Giada Tripoli, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Lieuwe de Haan, Jean-Paul Selten, Andrea Tortelli, Andrei Szöke, Roberto Muratori, Bart P. Rutten, Jim van Os, Peter B. Jones, James B. Kirkbride, Domenico Berardi, Robin M. Murray, Craig Morgan
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 52 / Issue 14 / October 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2021, pp. 2972-2984
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Background
Psychosis rates are higher among some migrant groups. We hypothesized that psychosis in migrants is associated with cumulative social disadvantage during different phases of migration.
MethodsWe used data from the EUropean Network of National Schizophrenia Networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) case–control study. We defined a set of three indicators of social disadvantage for each phase: pre-migration, migration and post-migration. We examined whether social disadvantage in the pre- and post-migration phases, migration adversities, and mismatch between achievements and expectations differed between first-generation migrants with first-episode psychosis and healthy first-generation migrants, and tested whether this accounted for differences in odds of psychosis in multivariable logistic regression models.
ResultsIn total, 249 cases and 219 controls were assessed. Pre-migration (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06–2.44, p = 0.027) and post-migration social disadvantages (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.02–3.51, p = 0.044), along with expectations/achievements mismatch (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.26, p = 0.014) were all significantly associated with psychosis. Migration adversities (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.672–2.06, p = 0.568) were not significantly related to the outcome. Finally, we found a dose–response effect between the number of adversities across all phases and odds of psychosis (⩾6: OR 14.09, 95% CI 2.06–96.47, p = 0.007).
ConclusionsThe cumulative effect of social disadvantages before, during and after migration was associated with increased odds of psychosis in migrants, independently of ethnicity or length of stay in the country of arrival. Public health initiatives that address the social disadvantages that many migrants face during the whole migration process and post-migration psychological support may reduce the excess of psychosis in migrants.
Maternal and child fatty acid desaturase genotype as determinants of cord blood long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) concentrations in the Seychelles Child Development Study
- Marie C. Conway, Emeir M. McSorley, Maria S. Mulhern, Toni Spence, Maria Weslowska, J. J. Strain, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Phil W. Davidson, Gary J. Myers, Karin E. Wahlberg, Conrad F. Shamlaye, Diego F. Cobice, Barry W. Hyland, Daniela Pineda, Karin Broberg, Alison J. Yeates
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 126 / Issue 11 / 14 December 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 February 2021, pp. 1687-1697
- Print publication:
- 14 December 2021
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Optimal maternal long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) status is essential for the developing fetus. The fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes are involved in the endogenous synthesis of LCPUFA. The minor allele of various FADS SNP have been associated with increased maternal concentrations of the precursors linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), and lower concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA. There is limited research on the influence of FADS genotype on cord PUFA status. The current study investigated the influence of maternal and child genetic variation in FADS genotype on cord blood PUFA status in a high fish-eating cohort. Cord blood samples (n 1088) collected from the Seychelles Child Development Study (SCDS) Nutrition Cohort 2 (NC2) were analysed for total serum PUFA. Of those with cord PUFA data available, maternal (n 1062) and child (n 916), FADS1 (rs174537 and rs174561), FADS2 (rs174575), and FADS1-FADS2 (rs3834458) were determined. Regression analysis determined that maternal minor allele homozygosity was associated with lower cord blood concentrations of DHA and the sum of EPA + DHA. Lower cord blood AA concentrations were observed in children who were minor allele homozygous for rs3834458 (β = 0·075; P = 0·037). Children who were minor allele carriers for rs174537, rs174561, rs174575 and rs3834458 had a lower cord blood AA:LA ratio (P < 0·05 for all). Both maternal and child FADS genotype were associated with cord LCPUFA concentrations, and therefore, the influence of FADS genotype was observed despite the high intake of preformed dietary LCPUFA from fish in this population.
Associations between methylmercury, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and antinuclear antibodies in young adults from the Seychelles Child Development Study (SCDS).
- Emeir M. McSorley, Maria S. Mulhern, Alison J. Yeates, Donald Harrington, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Sally W. Thurston, Todd A. Jusko, Toni Spence, Philip W. Davidson, Gary J. Myres, Gene E. Watson, Conrad F. Shamlaye, J.J. Strain
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E167
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The association of MeHg exposure through fish consumption on human autoimmunity remains unclear. Fish also contain n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) that are known to regulate inflammation and mitigate autoimmune disease symptoms. We studied the association of low-level exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) through fish consumption in the SCDS. We examined this association at age 19 years in the SCDS Main Cohort (n = 497). We measured MeHg exposure at 3 time points [prenatal, weighted average (6 months to 19 years) and concurrent (19 years) and LCPUFA status and a panel of 13 autoimmune markers at age 19 years. The autoimmune markers included antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-dsDNA and anti-RNP, and total (non-specific) immunoglobulins (Ig) IgG, IgA, and IgM. A combined ANA variable was also calculated based on being within or above reference range for any of the ANA markers; 56% of the subjects met this criterion. Multivariable regression models adjusted for prenatal MeHg, sex and waist circumference, with and without adjustment for LCPUFA, were fit for the three MeHg exposure metrics and each immune marker. Mean (SD) prenatal, weighted average and concurrent MeHg was 6.84 (4.55), 7.46 (2.82), and 10.23 (6.02) ppm, respectively. Combined ANA was positively associated with concurrent MeHg following adjustment for the n6:n3 LCPUFA ratio (β = 0.036, 95%; CI: 0.001, 0.073). Prenatal and average MeHg exposures were not significantly associated with any individual ANA. IgM was negatively associated with concurrent (β = -0.016, 95%CI: -0.016, -0.002), and average (β = -0.042, 95%CI: -0.042, -0.009) MeHg exposure in the models adjusted for n-3, n-6 LCPUFA and when separately adjusted for the n6:n3 LCPUFA ratio. Total (19-year) n-3 PUFA status was negatively associated with anti-RNP (β = -20.355, 95%CI: -36.89, -4.34) and IgG (β = -1.384, 95%CI: -2.682, -0.087). Total n-3 LCPUFA was associated with lower markers of autoimmunity. MeHg exposure at 19 years was associated with higher ANA and lower IgM but only following adjustment for LCPUFA. The clinical significance of these findings is unclear and further research is warranted to determine if these associations precede autoimmune disease development.
P084: Substituting capillary blood for urine in point-of-care pregnancy tests
- M. Lafleche, A. Parent, E. Katherine Conrad, A. Bignucolo
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 20 / Issue S1 / May 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 May 2018, p. S86
- Print publication:
- May 2018
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Introduction: When a female presents with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, a positive b-hcg level helps in the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy. A timely diagnosis as well as management is required for these cases. In many emergency departments, there can be delays in laboratory processing of quantitative b-hcg levels as well as qualitative urine pregnancy tests. In others, especially in rural hospitals in Canada, the laboratory closes at night and these tests cannot be processed until the morning. This may also help decrease length of stay for some patients in the emergency department. There are currently new point-of-care b-hcg tests on the market using capillary blood, but these are expensive and not readily available. The purpose of the study is to validate the most inexpensive point of care urine pregnancy tests readily available on the market for use with capillary blood samples. These point-of-care tests have only been studied with urine and whole blood. If validated with capillary blood, it would allow for a very practical, rapid, and inexpensive test which could help doctors and nurses to triage patients in a timely and more efficient fashion. Methods: In our emergency department, 385 patients between the ages of 18-50 with possible pregnancy, abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding will be included in the study. A capillary blood sample will be taken and applied to a cassette point-of-care pregnancy test with four drops of saline. Two independent investigators will assess the test. The results will be compared to a quantitative serum hCG assay and urine. If these tests are not done as part of the patients medical care, the patient will be contacted one month after to enquire if the patient is pregnant or not. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values will be calculated. Results: Data colleciton will begin in January 2018. Conclusion: No conclusions can yet be drawn.
Internal and External Validation of a Computer-Assisted Surveillance System for Hospital-Acquired Infections in a 754-Bed General Hospital in the Netherlands
- H. Roel A. Streefkerk, Ivar O. Lede, John L. V. Eriksson, Marije G. Meijling, Conrad P. van der Hoeven, Jan C. Wille, Titia E. M. Hopmans, Alex W. Friedrich, Henri A. Verbrugh, Nashwan al Naiemi
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 37 / Issue 11 / November 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 August 2016, pp. 1355-1360
- Print publication:
- November 2016
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OBJECTIVE
To evaluate a computer-assisted point-prevalence survey (CAPPS) for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
DESIGNValidation cohort.
SETTINGA 754-bed teaching hospital in the Netherlands.
METHODSFor the internal validation of a CAPPS for HAIs, 2,526 patients were included. All patient records were retrospectively reviewed in depth by 2 infection control practitioners (ICPs) to determine which patients had suffered an HAI. Preventie van Ziekenhuisinfecties door Surveillance (PREZIES) criteria were used. Following this internal validation, 13 consecutive CAPPS were performed in a prospective study from January to March 2013 to determine weekly, monthly, and quarterly HAI point prevalence. Finally, a CAPPS was externally validated by PREZIES (Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu [RIVM], Bilthoven, Netherlands). In all evaluations, discrepancies were resolved by consensus.
RESULTSIn our series of CAPPS, 83% of the patients were automatically excluded from detailed review by the ICP. The sensitivity of the method was 91%. The time spent per hospital-wide CAPPS was ~3 hours. External validation showed a negative predictive value of 99.1% for CAPPS.
CONCLUSIONSCAPPS proved to be a sensitive, accurate, and efficient method to determine serial weekly point-prevalence HAI rates in our hospital.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–6
Critical care for paediatric patients with heart failure*
- John M. Costello, Mjaye L. Mazwi, Mary E. McBride, Katherine E. Gambetta, Osama Eltayeb, Conrad L. Epting
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- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 25 / Issue S2 / August 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 September 2015, pp. 74-86
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This review offers a critical-care perspective on the pathophysiology, monitoring, and management of acute heart failure syndromes in children. An in-depth understanding of the cardiovascular physiological disturbances in this population of patients is essential to correctly interpret clinical signs, symptoms and monitoring data, and to implement appropriate therapies. In this regard, the myocardial force–velocity relationship, the Frank–Starling mechanism, and pressure–volume loops are discussed. A variety of monitoring modalities are used to provide insight into the haemodynamic state, clinical trajectory, and response to treatment. Critical-care treatment of acute heart failure is based on the fundamental principles of optimising the delivery of oxygen and minimising metabolic demands. The former may be achieved by optimising systemic arterial oxygen content and the variables that determine cardiac output: heart rate and rhythm, preload, afterload, and contractility. Metabolic demands may be decreased by a number of ways including positive pressure ventilation, temperature control, and sedation. Mechanical circulatory support should be considered for refractory cases. In the near future, monitoring modalities may be improved by the capture and analysis of complex clinical data such as pressure waveforms and heart rate variability. Using predictive modelling and streaming analytics, these data may then be used to develop automated, real-time clinical decision support tools. Given the barriers to conducting multi-centre trials in this population of patients, the thoughtful analysis of data from multi-centre clinical registries and administrative databases will also likely have an impact on clinical practice.
Choline status and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study
- J. J. Strain, Emeir M. McSorley, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Roni W. Kobrosly, Maxine P. Bonham, Maria S. Mulhern, Alison J. McAfee, Philip W. Davidson, Conrad F. Shamlaye, Juliette Henderson, Gene E. Watson, Sally W. Thurston, Julie M. W. Wallace, Per M. Ueland, Gary J. Myers
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 110 / Issue 2 / 28 July 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 January 2013, pp. 330-336
- Print publication:
- 28 July 2013
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Choline is an essential nutrient that is found in many food sources and plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system. Animal studies have shown that choline status pre- and postnatally can have long-lasting effects on attention and memory; however, effects in human subjects have not been well studied. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between plasma concentrations of free choline and its related metabolites in children and their neurodevelopment in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study, an ongoing longitudinal study assessing the development of children born to mothers with high fish consumption during pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of free choline, betaine, dimethylglycine (DMG), methionine and homocysteine and specific measures of neurodevelopment were measured in 210 children aged 5 years. The children's plasma free choline concentration (9·17 (sd 2·09) μmol/l) was moderately, but significantly, correlated with betaine (r 0·24; P= 0·0006), DMG (r 0·15; P= 0·03), methionine (r 0·24; P= 0·0005) and homocysteine (r 0·19; P= 0·006) concentrations. Adjusted multiple linear regression revealed that betaine concentrations were positively associated with Preschool Language Scale – total language scores (β = 0·066; P= 0·04), but no other associations were evident. We found no indication that free choline concentration or its metabolites, within the normal physiological range, are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children at 5 years of age. As there is considerable animal evidence suggesting that choline status during development is associated with cognitive outcome, the issue deserves further study in other cohorts.
Intakes and adequacy of potentially important nutrients for cognitive development among 5-year-old children in the Seychelles Child Development and Nutrition Study
- Alison J McAfee, Maria S Mulhern, Emeir M McSorley, Julie MW Wallace, Maxine P Bonham, Jude Faure, Sarah Romain, Christina Esther, Conrad F Shamlaye, Gene E Watson, Gary J Myers, Thomas W Clarkson, Philip W Davidson, JJ Strain
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 15 / Issue 9 / September 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2012, pp. 1670-1677
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Objective
To assess the nutritional adequacy of Seychellois children in relation to nutrients reported to be important for cognitive development.
DesignDietary intakes were assessed by 4 d weighed food diaries and analysed using dietary analysis software (WISP version 3·0; Tinuviel Software, UK). Individual nutrient intakes were adjusted to usual intakes and, in order to investigate adequacy, were compared with the UK Estimated Average Requirements for children aged 4–6 years.
SettingChildren 5 years old were followed up as part of the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study (SCDNS), located in the high-fish-consuming population of Mahé, Republic of Seychelles.
SubjectsAnalysis was carried out on a sample of 229 children (118 boys, 111 girls).
ResultsChildren consumed a diet of which fortified cereal and milk products contributed the most to nutrient intakes. The majority (≥80 %) of children met requirements for several nutrients important for child development including Fe, folate and Se. Adjusted dietary intakes of Cu, Zn, iodine, niacin and vitamin A were below the Estimated Average Requirement or Recommended Nutrient Intake. Mean adjusted energy intakes (boys 4769 kJ/d (1139·84 kcal/d), girls 4759 kJ/d (1137·43 kcal/d)) were lower than the estimated energy requirement (boys 5104 kJ/d (1220 kcal/d), girls 5042 kJ/d (1205 kcal/d)) for 88 % of boys and 86 % of girls.
ConclusionsNutrition was adequate for most children within the SCDNS cohort. Low intakes of some nutrients (including Zn, niacin and vitamin A) could reflect nutritional database inaccuracies, but may require further investigation. The study provides valuable information on the adequacy of intakes of nutrients which could affect the growth and development of Seychellois children.
Contributors
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- By Alex Abou-Chebl, Andrei V. Alexandrov, Carlos E. Baccin, Deepak L. Bhatt, Kirk Conrad, Steve M. Cordina, Randall C. Edgell, Mustapha A. Ezzeddine, Matthew D. Ford, Alexandros L. Georgiadis, Camilo R. Gomez, Nancy Gruell, Stephen J. Haines, Ameer E. Hassan, L. Nelson Hopkins, Haitham H. Hussein, Tudor G. Jovin, Stanley H. Kim, Osman Kozak, Giuseppe Lanzino, Alberto Maud, Muhammad Z. Memon, Jefferson T. Miley, Herbert B. Newton, Thanh N. Nguyen, YihLin Nien, Raul G. Nogueira, Alexander M. Norbash, Anant I. Patel, Edgard Pereira, Johnny C. Pryor, Rabia Qaiser, Adnan I. Qureshi, Mushtaq H. Qureshi, Jean Raymond, José Rafael Romero, Daniel Roy, Qaisar A. Shah, Farhan Siddiq, Amit Singla, David A. Steinman, Dorothea Strozyk, Jose I. Suarez, M. Fareed K. Suri, Nauman Tariq, Robert A. Taylor, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Young J. Yu, Haralabos Zacharatos
- Edited by Adnan I. Qureshi, University of Minnesota
- Edited in association with Alexandros L. Georgiadis, University of Minnesota
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- Textbook of Interventional Neurology
- Published online:
- 01 June 2011
- Print publication:
- 14 April 2011, pp vi-x
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Contribution of fish to intakes of micronutrients important for fetal development: a dietary survey of pregnant women in the Republic of Seychelles
- Maxine P Bonham, Emeir M Duffy, Paula J Robson, Julie M Wallace, Gary J Myers, Philip W Davidson, Tom W Clarkson, Conrad F Shamlaye, JJ Strain, M Barbara E Livingstone
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 12 / Issue 9 / September 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2009, pp. 1312-1320
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Objectives
To characterise the diets of pregnant women in the Republic of Seychelles and to determine the contribution of fish to intakes of nutrients important for fetal and neonatal development.
DesignObservational, prospective study.
SettingSeychelles Child Development Centre, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles.
Subjects and methodsPregnant women (n 300) were recruited at their first visit to an antenatal clinic. At 28 weeks’ gestation subjects completed a 4 d diet diary (n 273) and intakes were analysed using dietary analysis software.
ResultsMean (sd) energy intake was 9·0 (2·5) MJ/d and fat intakes were higher than UK recommendations for almost two-thirds of the cohort. Fish consumption was lower than in previous surveys, suggesting a move towards a more Westernised diet. Low intakes of a number of nutrients important during pregnancy for fetal development (Fe, Zn, Se and iodine) were observed. However, women who met the current recommendations for these nutrients consumed significantly more fish than those who did not (97 v. 73 g/d).
ConclusionsThe present study highlights the importance of fish in the diet of pregnant Seychellois women for ensuring adequate intakes of micronutrients important in fetal development. Dietary patterns in Seychelles, however, are in a state of transition, with a move towards a Western-style diet as evidenced by higher fat and lower fish intakes. If these dietary trends continue and fish consumption declines further, micronutrient status may be compromised. These findings suggest caution in establishing public health policies that promote limitation of fish intake during pregnancy.
Contributors
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- By Hideki Azuma, Susan Mary Benbow, Bettina Heike Bewernick, T. K. Birkenhäger, Hal Blumenfeld, Tom G. Bolwig, Stanley N. Caroff, Sidney S. Chang, Pinhas N. Dannon, Renana Eitan, Alan R. Felthous, Felipe Fregni, Gabor Gazdag, Nataliya Giagou, Mustafa M. Husain, Charles H. Kellner, Barry Alan Kramer, Galit Landshut, James Stuart Lawson, Bernard Lerer, Jerry Lewis, Dongchen Li, Colleen Loo, Michelle Magid, Stephan C. Mann, Limore Maron, W. Vaughn McCall, Shawn M. McClintock, Niall McCrae, Andrew McDonald, Nikolaus Michael, Paul S. Mueller, Alexander I. Nelson, Unnati D. Patel, Kathy Peng, Keith G. Rasmussen, William H. Reid, Joseph M. Rey, Barbara M. Rohland, Marina Odebrecht Rosa, Moacyr Alexandro Rosa, Oded Rosenberg, Peter B. Rosenquist, Thomas E. Schläpfer, Edward Shorter, Pascal Sienaert, Conrad M. Swartz, Kenneth Trevino, Gabor S. Ungvari, Walter W. van den Broek, Garry Walter, Julie A. Williams
- Edited by Conrad M. Swartz
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- Electroconvulsive and Neuromodulation Therapies
- Published online:
- 15 July 2009
- Print publication:
- 02 March 2009, pp ix-xiv
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Physics and Results from the AMANDA-II High Energy Neutrino Telescope
- Steven W. Barwick, the AMANDA Collaboration, J. Ahrens, X. Bai, S. W. Barwick, T. Becka, K.-H. Becker, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, F. Binon, A. Biron, S. Böser, O. Botner, O. Bouhali, T. Burgess, S. Carius, T. Castermans, D. Chirkin, J. Conrad, J. Cooley, D. F. Cowen, A. Davour, C. De Clercq, T. DeYoung, P. Desiati, J.-P. Dewulf, P. Doksus, P. Ekström, T. Feser, T. K. Gaisser, R. Ganupati, M. Gaug, H. Geenen, L. Gerhardt, A. Goldschmidt, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, R. Hardtke, T. Hauschildt, M. Hellwig, P. Herquet, G. C. Hill, P. O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hundertmark, J. Jacobsen, A. Karle, L. Köpke, M. Kowalski, K. Kuehn, J. I. Lamoureux, H. Leich, M. Leuthold, P. Lindahl, J. Madsen, K. Mandli, P. Marciniewski, H. S. Matis, C. P. McParland, T. Messarius, Y. Minaeva, P. Miočinović, R. Morse, R. Nahnhauer, T. Neunhöffer, P. Niessen, D. R. Nygren, H. Ogelman, Ph. Olbrechts, C. Pérez de Los Heros, A. C. Pohl, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, K. Rawlins, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, S. Richter, J. Rodríguez Martino, D. Ross, H.-G. Sander, K. Schinarakis, T. Schmidt, D. Schneider, R. Schwarz, A. Silvestri, M. Solarz, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, D. Steele, P. Steffen, R. G. Stokstad, P. Sudhoff, K.-H. Sulanke, I. Taboada, L. Thollander, S. Tilav, W. Wagner, C. Walck, C. H. Wiebusch, C. Wiedemann, R. Wischnewski, H. Wissing, K. Woschnagg, G. Yodh, S. Young
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- Journal:
- Symposium - International Astronomical Union / Volume 214 / 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 May 2016, pp. 357-371
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- 2003
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This paper briefly describes the principle of operation and science goals of the AMANDA high energy neutrino telescope located at the South Pole, Antarctica. Results from an earlier phase of the telescope, called AMANDA-BIO, demonstrate both reliable operation and the broad astrophysical reach of this device, which includes searches for a variety of sources of ultrahigh energy neutrinos: generic point sources, Gamma-Ray Bursts and diffuse sources. The predicted sensitivity and angular resolution of the telescope were confirmed by studies of atmospheric muon and neutrino backgrounds. We also report on the status of the analysis from AMANDA-II, a larger version with far greater capabilities. At this stage of analysis, details of the ice properties and other systematic uncertainties of the AMANDA-II telescope are under study, but we have made progress toward critical science objectives. In particular, we present the first preliminary flux limits from AMANDA-II on the search for continuous emission from astrophysical point sources, and report on the search for correlated neutrino emission from Gamma Ray Bursts detected by BATSE before decommissioning in May 2000. During the next two years, we expect to exploit the full potential of AMANDA-II with the installation of a new data acquisition system that records full waveforms from the in-ice optical sensors.
Yeast Meiotic Chromosome Structure Revealed By Deconvolution Microscopy
- Z. Zhang, M. N. Conrad, M. E. Dresser
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 8 / Issue S02 / August 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2002, pp. 1052-1053
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- August 2002
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Clinical Infection Control in Gene Therapy: A Multidisciplinary Conference
- Martin E. Evans, Craig T. Jordan, Stephen M.W. Chang, Carol Conrad, Julie L. Gerberding, Howard L. Kaufman, C. Glen Mayhall, Jan A. Nolta, Anne M. Pilaro, Sean Sullivan, David J. Weber, Nelson A. Wivel
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 21 / Issue 10 / October 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 659-673
- Print publication:
- October 2000
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Gene therapy is being studied for the treatment of a variety of acquired and inherited disorders. Retroviruses, adeno-viruses, poxviruses, adeno-associated viruses, herpesviruses, and others are being engineered to transfer genes into humans. Treatment protocols using recombinant viruses are being introduced into clinical settings. Infection control professionals will be involved in reviewing the safety of these agents in their clinics and hospitals. To date, only a limited number of articles have been written on infection control in gene therapy, and no widely available recommendations exist from federal or private organizations to guide infection control professionals. The goals of the conference were to provide a forum where gene therapy experts could share their perspectives and experience with infection control in gene therapy and to provide an opportunity for newcomers to the field to learn about issues specific to infection control in gene therapy. Recommendations for infection control in gene therapy were proposed.
Solar-Cell Suitable μc-Si Films Grown by ECR-CVD
- M. Birkholz, E. Conrad, K. Lips, B. Selle, I. Sieber, S. Christiansen, W. Fuhs
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 609 / 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 March 2011, A5.5
- Print publication:
- 2000
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The preparation of μc-Si films from SiH4-H2 mixtures by electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) CVD at deposition temperatures ≤ 400°C on foreign substrates is reported. Deposition conditions were identified for which Si films with a high degree of crystallinity were grown as was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. A factorial analysis was carried out, for which the influence of deposition temperature, microwave power, hydrogen dilution and total pressure on film growth were investigated. Samples of optimized crystallinity were prepared in a lowpressure and high-hydrogen dilution regime. In-plane grain sizes were measured by TEM and found to be on the order of 10 - 12 nm. Next to the optimization of crystallinity several sources of impurity contamination during film deposition were identified and eliminated. Intrinsic μc-Si layers could be prepared under these conditions that exhibited a dark conductivity σd of 2 × 10-7 S/cm and photosensitivity σph/σd of 150. It is concluded that ECR CVD is capable of producing intrinsic layers with electronic properties as necessary for use in state-of-the-art n-i-p μc-Si solar cells.
Study of PZT Film Stress in Multilayer Structures for MEMS Devices
- E. Zakar, M. Dubey, R. Polcawich, B. Piekarski, R. Piekarz, J. Conrad, R. Widuta
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 605 / 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 287
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- 1999
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Residual stress in the multilayer Si/Dielectric/Pt/PZT/Pt stack was measured as a function of annealing conditions, sol-gel derived PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate -52/48) thickness, SiO2 and/or Si3N4 dielectric films thickness. Residual stress in the Si3N4 layer varied from -201 to +1275 MPa and from -430 to + 511 MPa in the Si02 layer. Furnace annealing of the bottom Pt film reduced the stress over rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Stress due to PZT films was the controlling factor for the final stress of the stack. Upon increasing PZT thickness, stress became less tensile for Si3N4 dielectric and more tensile for Si02. The deposition of the top Pt on PZT followed by RTA at 300°C in nitrogen had a minimal effect on the final stress of the stack. The average tensile stress for the Si/Si02 /Pt/PZT/Pt and Si/Si3N4/Pt/PZT/Pt stacks was 140 ± 25 and 476±235 MPa respectively.