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COVID-19 Pandemic: Another Source of Stress for Medical Students
- A.T. Pereira, C. Cabacos, A. Araújo, M.J. Soares, M.J. Brito, F. Carvalho, D. Mota, M. Bajouco, N. Madeira, M. Carneiro, A. Macedo
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, pp. S495-S496
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Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has completely changed the experience of higher education with potentially negative consequences for students’ wellbeing.
ObjectivesTo compare medicine/dentistry students’ depression/anxiety/stress levels before versus during the pandemic and to analyse the role of COVID-19-related stressors in their psychological distress.
MethodsStudents from the Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra answered socio-demographic and personality questionnaires and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale/DASS before (academic years 2016-2017-2018-2019 - SAMPLE1; n=1000) and during (September-December 2020 and January-March 2021 - SAMPLE2; n=650) the COVID-19 pandemic. Mean age (21.12±3.75), personality traits scores, and gender proportions (»75% girls) did not significantly differ between samples. SAMPLE2 also filled in the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and a new version of the Inventory of Sources of Stress During Medical Education/ISSDME, containing a COVID-19 -related dimension (restrictions on training and on socializing with friends/colleagues).
ResultsSAMPLE2 presented significantly higher mean scores of depression (3.89±3.55vs.3.33±3.34), anxiety (3.27±4.08vs.2.86±3.29), stress (7.07±5.72vs.6.18±4.59) and total DASS (12.28±10.55vs.13.65±11.13) than SAMPLE1 (all p<.05). Fear of COVID-19 was a significant predictor of DASS score (adjusted R2=2.9%, p<.001). COVID-19-related stressors continued explaining significant increments of DASS variance after controlling for each of the ISSDME dimensions: Course demands (R2 Change=1.8%), Human demands (2.5%), Lifestyle (2.3%), Academic competition (5.5%), and Academic adjustment (5.2%) (all p<.001).
ConclusionsThis study adds to the evidence of the negative impact of COVID-19 on students and emphasizes its pernicious role on medical students’ psychological distress, which is already higher due to the individual and academic stressors to which they are more exposed.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Portuguese validation of the Self-Generated Stress Scale
- M.J. Brito, F. Carvalho, P. Vitória, A.P. Amaral, M. Carneiro, C. Cabacos, A. Araújo, A. Macedo, A.T. Pereira
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, pp. S663-S664
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Introduction
Self-Generated Stress might be defined as stress that is created by oneself by engaging in behavior or making decisions that ultimately add strain to pre-existing personal stress. The Self-Generated Stress Scale (SGSS; Flett et al. 2020) is a seven-item self-report measure built to assess this tendency to make one’s own life more stressful.
ObjectivesTo analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese Version of the SGSS.
MethodsParticipants (127 medicine and dentistry students; 78.0% female) answered an online survey including the preliminary Portuguese version of the SGSS and other validated questionnaires: Maslach Burnout Inventory – Students Survey, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, HEXACO-60 and Big Three Perfectionism Scale.
ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the unidimensional model presented good fit indexes (χ2/df=1.546; RMSEA=.0666, p<.001; CFI=.982 TLI=.972, GFI=.960). The Cronbach’s alfa was .868. Pearson correlations between SGSS and the other measures were significant (p<.01) and moderate/high: Burnout, .412; Stress/Anxiety/Depression, >.550; Perfectionism, .600; Emotionality, .315; Extroversion, -.411. After controlling for the effect of Emotionality and Extroversion, SGSS explained significant additional increments of 19.9% and 14.0% of the DASS and MBI variance; controlling for Perfectionism, the increments were respectively of 27.9% and 2.0%. SGSS mean score (22.96±5.90 was not significantly different by gender.
ConclusionsAs observed with the original English-language scale, the Portuguese version of SGSS showed good validity (construct and convergent-divergent) and internal consistency. As such, the SGSS might be useful in further investigation, particularly to explore the different pathways between personality traits, emotional regulation processes and psychological distress.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Portuguese Validation of the Perfectionism Self Presentation Scale
- A.T. Pereira, C. Marques, M.J. Martins, A.I. Araújo, C. Cabaços, M.J. Brito, L. Mendonça, A. Macedo
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S255
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Introduction
Perfectionist Self Presentation represents the interpersonal expression of perfectionism wherein individuals engage in strategies that promote their supposed perfection and conceal their perceived imperfections (Hewitt et al., 2003).
ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Perfectionist Self Presentation Scale/PSPS.
MethodsTwo hundred and eighty-six university students (69.2% females; mean age = 21.09 ± 2.133) answered the Portuguese preliminary version of the PSPS, and the Portuguese validated versions of: Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales, Dirty Dozen and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. To study the temporal stability, 30 participants (66.7% females) answered the PSPS again after six weeks. SPSS and MPlus were used.
ResultsThe PSPS Cronbach alpha was .91. The test-retest correlation coefficient was .66 (P < .01). Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three dimension's model (χ2 = 1974.015, P < .01; RMSEA = 0.079, 90% CI = 0.069–0.088; CFI = 0.869; TLI = 0.812; SRMR = 0.046). The three factors presented good internal consistency: F1 Perfectionist self-presentation (PSPS; a = .85), F2 Interpersonal Concern over mistakes (ICM; a = .79); F3 Perfectionist image (PI; a = .70).
PSP and ICM (and PI with fewer significant coefficients and lower magnitudes) were moderately to highly correlate with personal standards, concern over mistakes, doubts about action, self-oriented perfectionism and social prescribed perfectionism (≥ .40). Correlations with narcissism and machiavellianism, anxiety and stress were moderate (r = .30) (all P < .01).
ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of PSPS has good reliability and validity, with the factorial model presenting an acceptable fit (Hair et al., 2004). It could be very useful both in clinical and research contexts, namely in an ongoing research project on the relationship between perfectionism and interpersonal functioning.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Residential facilities project in Cuba: An original working model
- A. Vaccaro, M.J. Brito Broche, M.I. Capote, C.B. Borrego Calzadilla, C. Mencacci
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S519
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Psychiatry must have among its main aims to reintegrate in their own environment of life people with psychotic disorders, personality disorders and other serious disorder of the psychic sphere. We must be able to operate in places built ad hoc, that is, where time, space and procedures are marked with certainty and, as much as possible, managed firsthand. The environment must be constructed or modified in such a way as to make it unlikely the failure or discomfort. Patients also need to be strengthened in their ability to integrate in their environment and in the ability to cope with various life events. The goal is to transfer a first group of patients from large psychiatric hospital of La Habana to the territory, specifically in 2–3 already identified communities, to realize the rehabilitation projects that in 3–4 years can bring patients selected at their home or, alternatively, at self-managed apartments. The reference model of rehabilitative interventions is multimodal. The model explains the onset, course, prognosis and social functioning of the major mental disorders as a complex and mutually conditioning relation between biological, environmental and behavioural. The results will be evaluated over the next three years and will be the subject of future publications. A good practice cannot disengage from safe theoretical and methodological references. To show clearly and verifiably their work, operators must be trained before and during all phases of work, a job training, continuing education, which has as its primary objective the descriptive clarity and verifiability of results.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Burnout in pediatric oncology healthcare providers: Protection and vulnerability
- C. Araújo, R. Gonçalves, J.M.V.D. Ferreira, S. Pedroso, C. Pinho, S. Silva, M.J. Brito
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S389
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Introduction
Burnout is a condition characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, resulting from the inability to cope with chronic job stress. Healthcare providers at pediatric oncology units, who care for children with life-threatening illnesses, are exposure to high levels of stress, which increases the risk for developing burnout, with consequences in their personal health and quality of patient care.
ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and sources of burnout on a multidisciplinary team of a pediatric oncology unit.
MethodsParticipants were a convenience sample of 16 pediatric oncology professionals, including medical, nursing, and related health staff from a Portuguese pediatric oncology center. Participants completed the Portuguese version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory.
ResultsAll three subscales that compose this Inventory were found to have burnout below normal levels (cut-off ≥ 50 points). However, personal and work-related subscales showed mean values in the superior limit of normality (48 ± 14, 18 points and 49, 48 ± 12, 23 points, respectively). Nevertheless, when analyzed the patient-related subscale, we found low levels of burnout in the majority of responders. These findings are similar to the existing literature, which suggests that patient care and interactions with children are the least stressful aspect of working in this specialty.
ConclusionDespite the high levels of stress exposure in pediatric oncology units, results suggest that the majority of professionals are not actually in burnout. However, the obtained values advice for the need of prevention and workplace approaches to staff's well-being and stress reduction, in order to avoid burnout development.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Portuguese Validation of the Psychological Entitlement Scale
- A.I. Araújo, A.T. Pereira, C. Cabaços, M.J. Brito, L. Mendonça, A. Macedo
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. S710-S711
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Introduction
Psychological entitlement can be conceived as a disposition to believe that one deserves or is entitled to more than others. This pervasive sense has a wide impact on social behaviour, namely undesirable social outcomes. Given these theoretical implications on self-concept and interpersonal functioning, Campbell and Bonacci developed a shorter questionnaire of the Psychological Entitlement Scale (PES) to evaluate this construct by reducing from the original version from 57 to 9 items.
ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of Psychological Entitlement Portuguese version.
MethodsA community sample composed of 286 university students (69.2% females; mean age = 21.09 ± 2.133; range: 17–33) answered the Portuguese preliminary versions of the PES, of the Dirty Dozen and of the honesty-humility dimension from the HEXACO-100.
ResultsThe PES Cronbach alpha was “very good” (a = 0.75). Following Kaiser and Cattel Scree Plot criteria, only one factor was extracted (explained variance = 35.46%), meaning that the scale is unidimensional. Pearson correlation coefficient of between PES and narcissism (r = 0.36), psychopathy (r = 0.21) and Machiavelism (r = 0.24) were positive, moderate and significant (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation between PES and honesty-humility was negative, moderate and significant (r = −0.43 P < 0.05).
ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of PES present good internal consistency and convergent-divergent validity. Because we consider that psychological entitlement reflects a stable disposition, it is our intent to analyze PES temporal stability within the ongoing research project on the relationship between perfectionism and other personality traits. PES could be very useful both in clinical and research contexts.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Personality Dark Triad: Portuguese Validation of the Dirty Dozen
- A. Macedo, A.I. Araújo, C. Cabaços, M.J. Brito, L. Mendonça, A.T. Pereira
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. S711
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Introduction
The Dark Triad is a term used to describe a constellation of three socially undesirable personality traits: narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. Contrary to Altruism (the desire to help others with no personal reward or gain), these traits are harmful to others. Given the increased scientific interest on the dark triad, Jonason and Webster developed a shorter questionnaire to evaluate these three independent-yet-related constructs with only 12 items – Dirty Dozen (D12).
ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Dirty Dozen.
MethodsA community sample composed of 286 university students (69.2% females; mean age = 21.09 ± 2.133; range: 17–33) answered the Portuguese preliminary versions of the Dirty Dozen and of the Altruism dimension from HEXACO-100. To study the temporal stability, 30 participants (66.7% females) answered the D12 again after six weeks.
ResultsThe EA Cronbach alpha was “very good” (a = 0.72). Following Kaiser and Cattel Scree Plot criteria, three meaningful factors were extracted which explained variance (EV) was of 54.64%: F1 Machiavellianism (EV 32.07%; a = 0.73), F2 Narcissism (13.665%; a = 0.74), F3 Psychopathy (8.90%; a = 0.64). The test-retest correlation coefficients were high, positive and significant for the total D12 and its dimensions (r > 0.70; P < 0.001). Pearson correlations of D12 total and dimensional scores and Altruism were negative, moderate and significant (r@ − 0.30).
ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of Dirty Dozen has good reliability and validity. It could be very useful both in clinical and research contexts, namely in an ongoing project on the relationship between dark triad and perfectionism traits.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.