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Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Management in Soybeans (Glycine max)
- Mary E. Sherman, Lafayette Thompson, Jr., Robert E. Wilkinson
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 31 / Issue 5 / September 1983
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 622-627
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Greenhouse and on-farm tests were conducted in North Carolina in 1979 and 1980 to evaluate sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L. # CASOB) management in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. All postemergence herbicide applications gave better sicklepod control when applied following vernolate [S-dipropylthiocarbamate) preplant incorporated than when applied following alachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] preemergence. This resulted from decreased fatty alcohols and hydrocarbons in the epicuticle of vernolate-treated sicklepod. When applied sequentially to vernolate, toxaphene (chlorinated camphene, 67 to 69% chlorine) plus an oil concentrate and acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} applied postemergence to the first true-leaf stage of sicklepod resulted in 95 and 90% control, respectively. Linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] applied alone or as tank mixes with 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] provided greater than 90% sicklepod control when applied postemergence-directed to soybeans. Metribuzin was more injurious to soybeans than linuron.
Contributors
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- By Nalini Vadivelu, Christian J. Whitney, Raymond S. Sinatra, M. Khurram Ghori, Yu-Fan (Robert) Zhang, Raymond S. Sinatra, Joshua Wellington, Yuan-Yi Chia, Francis J. Keefe, Jon McCormack, Ian Power, John Butterworth, P. M. Lavand’homme, M. F. De Kock, Bradley Urie, Oscar A. de Leon-Casasola, Frederick M. Perkins, Larry F. Chu, David Clark, Martin S. Angst, Cynthia M. Welchek, Lisa Mastrangelo, Raymond S. Sinatra, Richard Martinez, Scott S. Reuben, Asokumar Buvanendran, Raymond S. Sinatra, Pamela E Macintyre, Julia Coldrey, Daniel B. Maalouf, Spencer S. Liu, Susan Dabu-Bondoc, Samantha A. Franco, Raymond S. Sinatra, James Benonis, Jennifer Fortney, David Hardman, Gavin Martin, Holly Evans, Karen C. Nielsen, Marcy S. Tucker, Stephen M. Klein, Benjamin Sherman, Ikay Enu, Raymond S. Sinatra, James W. Heitz, Eugene R. Viscusi, Jonathan S. Jahr, Kofi N. Donkor, Raymond S. Sinatra, Manzo Suzuki, Johan Raeder, Vegard Dahl, Stefan Erceg, Keun Sam Chung, Kok-Yuen Ho, Tong J. Gan, Dermot R. Fitzgibbon, Paul Willoughby, Brian E. Harrington, Joseph Marino, Tariq M. Malik, Raymond S. Sinatra, Giorgio Ivani, Valeria Mossetti, Simona Italiano, Thomas M. Halaszynski, Nousheh Saidi, Javier Lopez, Kate Miller, Ferne Braveman, Jaya L. Varadarajan, Steven J. Weisman, Sukanya Mitra, Raymond S. Sinatra, Theodore J. Saclarides, Knox H. Todd, James R. Miner, Chris Pasero, Nancy Eksterowicz, Margo McCaffery, Leslie N. Schechter, Amr E. Abouleish, Govindaraj Ranganathan, Tee Yong Tan, Stephan A. Schug, Marie N. Hanna, Spencer S. Liu, Christopher L. Wu, Craig T. Hartrick, Garen Manvelian, Christine Miaskowski, Brian Durkin, Peter S. A. Glass
- Edited by Raymond S. Sinatra, Oscar A. de Leon-Cassasola, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, Eugene R. Viscusi, Brian Ginsberg
- Foreword by Henry McQuay
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- Book:
- Acute Pain Management
- Published online:
- 26 October 2009
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2009, pp vii-xii
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7 - Wage Changes in a U.S.-Mexico Free Trade Area: Migration Versus Stolper-Samuelson Effects
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- By Mary E. Burfisher, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Sherman Robinson, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley, Karen E. Thierfelder, Economics Department, U.S. Naval Academy
- Edited by Joseph F. Francois, General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade, Clinton R. Shiells
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- Book:
- Modeling Trade Policy
- Published online:
- 25 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 24 June 1994, pp 195-222
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Summary
Introduction
A major issue concerning the establishment of a North American free trade agreement (NAFTA) is its impact on wages in Mexico and the United States. One argument is that the agreement will result in higher wages for unskilled labor in Mexico but lower wages for unskilled labor in the United States. This view can be derived from the Stolper–Samuelson theorem, which links changes in wages and profits to the changes in product prices caused by trade liberalization. Mexico is abundant in unskilled labor relative to the United States, and trade reform will increase Mexico's relative price of manufactured goods that it exports to the United States. According to the theorem, unskilled wages will fall in the United States and rise in Mexico as Mexican exports displace U.S. production of labor-intensive goods.
There are a number of difficulties in applying the Stolper–Samuelson theorem to the case of NAFTA. First and foremost is that the two countries are linked by more than trade in commodities. In particular, there is a long history of labor migration between Mexico and the United States, and one would expect that such migration would be sensitive to wage changes brought about by NAFTA. When using the Stolper–Samuelson theorem, one assumes that aggregate factor supplies are constant and that shifts in labor demand curves determine wage changes. However, the effects of trade liberalization on wages can be ambiguous when there is international labor mobility, which shifts the labor supply curve as well.
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