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38 Efficacy of Caregiver Psychoeducation Sessions on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Executive Functioning Difficulties
- Marie Melusine Annabelle Nankoo, Chloe Groznik, Parma Barbaro, Nathan Adey, Prue Watson, Lee-Ann Bamess, Stephanie Curtis, Jessica Green, Pradeep Rao
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 645-646
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Objective:
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly exhibit impairments in their executive functions. Caregivers are primarily responsible for the daily management of their children's ADHD and executive functioning difficulties. Psychoeducation, a cornerstone of ADHD treatment, can empower caregivers by providing them the knowledge and resources they require to support their child with ADHD. This study examined the efficacy of a suite of six caregiver psychoeducation sessions delivered by a specialised ADHD service. Two of these sessions pertained to (i) Understanding ADHD and (ii) Executive Functioning in ADHD. The other four covered information around Family Self-Care and Stress Management, Social Connectedness and Communication, Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation in ADHD and, Medication.
Participants and Methods:All sessions were delivered between May 2016 and July 2022, in 2 to 3-hour sessions each. Caregivers completed pre and post-session questionnaires, rating (i) their understanding of each of the topics, (ii) whether they identified effective strategies to help their child with ADHD meet their needs, and (iii) whether they improved their knowledge of resources they can access to assist with ADHD management. Altogether, 666 caregiver responses were collected across all sessions, 35% (n=234) of which were from the Understanding ADHD sessions and 4.2% (n = 28) from the Executive Functioning sessions.
Results:Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni adjusted alpha level of 0.016 were conducted to examine each session's pre- and post-session responses. Results showed that the Understanding ADHD workshops impelled significant improvements in attendee-rated levels of topic understanding (z = -8.79, p <.001, r = -.41), strategies gained (z = -8.54, p <.001, r = -.40) and perceived resource accessibility (z = -6.40, p <.001, r = -.30). Attendees reported moderate to large improvements following the Executive Functioning in ADHD sessions, including in their topic understanding (z = -4.18, p <.001, r = -.57), strategies gained (z = -3.93, p <.001, r = -.54) and perceived resource accessibility (z = -4.23, p <.001, r = -.61). Improvements across all three areas were also noted across the other four caregiver sessions, except for the medication session where no significant changes in strategies gained and perceived access to resources were noted.
Conclusions:This study provides evidence that caregiver sessions within a Tier-4 service are efficacious and can (i) meet caregivers' needs to better understand ADHD, executive functioning difficulties as well as of other ADHD-related issues, and (ii) may equip caregivers with the knowledge to access resources to appropriately manage their children with ADHD - a possible precursor to improved clinical and functional outcomes in children. That the session on ADHD medications only led to improved understanding of the topic but not to perceived gains in strategies or perceived access to strategies could be attributed to low pre-and post-session questionnaire response rates as well as to the nature of those sessions which were purely informative and did not discuss strategies and resources. Nonetheless, longitudinal studies, with control groups, should determine whether any post-intervention improvements are sustained over time and should establish whether these are associated with improved outcomes in children.
Factors associated with stigma and manifestations experienced by Indian health care workers involved in COVID-19 management in India: A qualitative study
- Ashoo Grover, U Venkatesh, Jugal Kishore, Tapas Chakma, Beena Thomas, Geetha Menon, Murugesan Periyasamy, Ragini Kulkarni, Ranjan K Prusty, Chitra Venkateswaran, Bijaya Mishra, Vinoth Balu, Maribon Viray, Geetu Mathew, Asha Ketharam, Rakesh Balachandar, Prashant Singh, Kiran Jakhar, Rekha Devi, Kalyan Saha, Pradeep Barde, Rony Moral, Ravinder Singh, Denny John, Jeetendra Yadav, Simran Kohli, Sumit Aggarwal, Vishnu Rao, Samiran Panda
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- Journal:
- Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health / Volume 10 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 July 2023, e46
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Healthcare personnel who deal with COVID-19 experience stigma. There is a lack of national-level representative qualitative data to study COVID-19-related stigma among healthcare workers in India. The present study explores factors associated with stigma and manifestations experienced by Indian healthcare workers involved in COVID-19 management. We conducted in-depth interviews across 10 centres in India, which were analysed using NVivo software version 12. Thematic and sentiment analysis was performed to gain deep insights into the complex phenomenon by categorising the qualitative data into meaningful and related categories. Healthcare workers (HCW) usually addressed the stigma they encountered when doing their COVID duties under the superordinate theme of stigma. Among them, 77.42% said they had been stigmatised in some way. Analyses revealed seven interrelated themes surrounding stigma among healthcare workers. It can be seen that the majority of the stigma and coping sentiments fall into the mixed category, followed by the negative sentiment category. This study contributes to our understanding of stigma and discrimination in low- and middle-income settings. Our data show that the emergence of fear of the virus has quickly turned into a stigma against healthcare workers.
Factors associated with high compliance/feasibility during iron and folic acid supplementation in a tribal area of Madhya Pradesh, India
- Tapas Chakma, Pinnamneni Vinay Rao, Pradeep Kumar Meshram
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 16 / Issue 2 / February 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 May 2012, pp. 377-380
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Objective
To study the feasibility of iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation among tribal adolescent girls and identify factors associated with high compliance.
DesignIntervention study with IFA supplementation among tribal adolescent girls of Bijadandi block, Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Girls (n 274) from twelve villages randomly selected out of 100 potential villages received daily tablets containing iron (iii) hydroxide polymaltose complex equivalent to 100 mg of elemental Fe and 350 μg of folic acid (commercially available as Feritas tablets, marketed by Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd, India). IFA was given for 100 d and supervised by school teachers and anganwadi workers. Compliance was measured using cards and interviews.
SettingCommunity-based iron supplementation programme.
SubjectsTribal adolescent girls aged 12–19 years.
ResultsIn total 233 girls completed the study. Prevalence of anaemia was reduced from 94 % at baseline to 69 % after the intervention. Compliance rate (>80 tablets) was 89 %. Minor side-effects were reported by three girls, yet they consumed >80 tablets. Factors associated with compliance included fasting during the local festival (χ2 = 72·74, df 3; P < 0·0001) and counselling (χ2 = 72·74, df 3; P < 0·0001). Other qualitative factors like social mobilization, timely supply of tablets, quality of tablets (blister pack) and availability of teachers and anganwadi workers were also associated with the compliance and feasibility.
ConclusionsHigh compliance indicates that IFA supplementation with tablets is feasible among the tribal adolescent girls of Bijadandi block, Mandla district.
Contributors
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- By Aakash Agarwala, Linda S. Aglio, Rae M. Allain, Paul D. Allen, Houman Amirfarzan, Yasodananda Kumar Areti, Amit Asopa, Edwin G. Avery, Patricia R. Bachiller, Angela M. Bader, Rana Badr, Sibinka Bajic, David J. Baker, Sheila R. Barnett, Rena Beckerly, Lorenzo Berra, Walter Bethune, Sascha S. Beutler, Tarun Bhalla, Edward A. Bittner, Jonathan D. Bloom, Alina V. Bodas, Lina M. Bolanos-Diaz, Ruma R. Bose, Jan Boublik, John P. Broadnax, Jason C. Brookman, Meredith R. Brooks, Roland Brusseau, Ethan O. Bryson, Linda A. Bulich, Kenji Butterfield, William R. Camann, Denise M. Chan, Theresa S. Chang, Jonathan E. Charnin, Mark Chrostowski, Fred Cobey, Adam B. Collins, Mercedes A. Concepcion, Christopher W. Connor, Bronwyn Cooper, Jeffrey B. Cooper, Martha Cordoba-Amorocho, Stephen B. Corn, Darin J. Correll, Gregory J. Crosby, Lisa J. Crossley, Deborah J. Culley, Tomas Cvrk, Michael N. D'Ambra, Michael Decker, Daniel F. Dedrick, Mark Dershwitz, Francis X. Dillon, Pradeep Dinakar, Alimorad G. Djalali, D. John Doyle, Lambertus Drop, Ian F. Dunn, Theodore E. Dushane, Sunil Eappen, Thomas Edrich, Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, Jason M. Erlich, Lucinda L. Everett, Elliott S. Farber, Khaldoun Faris, Eddy M. Feliz, Massimo Ferrigno, Richard S. Field, Michael G. Fitzsimons, Hugh L. Flanagan Jr., Vladimir Formanek, Amanda A. Fox, John A. Fox, Gyorgy Frendl, Tanja S. Frey, Samuel M. Galvagno Jr., Edward R. Garcia, Jonathan D. Gates, Cosmin Gauran, Brian J. Gelfand, Simon Gelman, Alexander C. Gerhart, Peter Gerner, Omid Ghalambor, Christopher J. Gilligan, Christian D. Gonzalez, Noah E. Gordon, William B. Gormley, Thomas J. Graetz, Wendy L. Gross, Amit Gupta, James P. Hardy, Seetharaman Hariharan, Miriam Harnett, Philip M. Hartigan, Joaquim M. Havens, Bishr Haydar, Stephen O. Heard, James L. Helstrom, David L. Hepner, McCallum R. Hoyt, Robert N. Jamison, Karinne Jervis, Stephanie B. Jones, Swaminathan Karthik, Richard M. Kaufman, Shubjeet Kaur, Lee A. Kearse Jr., John C. Keel, Scott D. Kelley, Albert H. Kim, Amy L. Kim, Grace Y. Kim, Robert J. Klickovich, Robert M. Knapp, Bhavani S. Kodali, Rahul Koka, Alina Lazar, Laura H. Leduc, Stanley Leeson, Lisa R. Leffert, Scott A. LeGrand, Patricio Leyton, J. Lance Lichtor, John Lin, Alvaro A. Macias, Karan Madan, Sohail K. Mahboobi, Devi Mahendran, Christine Mai, Sayeed Malek, S. Rao Mallampati, Thomas J. Mancuso, Ramon Martin, Matthew C. Martinez, J. A. Jeevendra Martyn, Kai Matthes, Tommaso Mauri, Mary Ellen McCann, Shannon S. McKenna, Dennis J. McNicholl, Abdel-Kader Mehio, Thor C. Milland, Tonya L. K. Miller, John D. Mitchell, K. Annette Mizuguchi, Naila Moghul, David R. Moss, Ross J. Musumeci, Naveen Nathan, Ju-Mei Ng, Liem C. Nguyen, Ervant Nishanian, Martina Nowak, Ala Nozari, Michael Nurok, Arti Ori, Rafael A. Ortega, Amy J. Ortman, David Oxman, Arvind Palanisamy, Carlo Pancaro, Lisbeth Lopez Pappas, Benjamin Parish, Samuel Park, Deborah S. Pederson, Beverly K. Philip, James H. Philip, Silvia Pivi, Stephen D. Pratt, Douglas E. Raines, Stephen L. Ratcliff, James P. Rathmell, J. Taylor Reed, Elizabeth M. Rickerson, Selwyn O. Rogers Jr., Thomas M. Romanelli, William H. Rosenblatt, Carl E. Rosow, Edgar L. Ross, J. Victor Ryckman, Mônica M. Sá Rêgo, Nicholas Sadovnikoff, Warren S. Sandberg, Annette Y. Schure, B. Scott Segal, Navil F. Sethna, Swapneel K. Shah, Shaheen F. Shaikh, Fred E. Shapiro, Torin D. Shear, Prem S. Shekar, Stanton K. Shernan, Naomi Shimizu, Douglas C. Shook, Kamal K. Sikka, Pankaj K. Sikka, David A. Silver, Jeffrey H. Silverstein, Emily A. Singer, Ken Solt, Spiro G. Spanakis, Wolfgang Steudel, Matthias Stopfkuchen-Evans, Michael P. Storey, Gary R. Strichartz, Balachundhar Subramaniam, Wariya Sukhupragarn, John Summers, Shine Sun, Eswar Sundar, Sugantha Sundar, Neelakantan Sunder, Faraz Syed, Usha B. Tedrow, Nelson L. Thaemert, George P. Topulos, Lawrence C. Tsen, Richard D. Urman, Charles A. Vacanti, Francis X. Vacanti, Joshua C. Vacanti, Assia Valovska, Ivan T. Valovski, Mary Ann Vann, Susan Vassallo, Anasuya Vasudevan, Kamen V. Vlassakov, Gian Paolo Volpato, Essi M. Vulli, J. Matthias Walz, Jingping Wang, James F. Watkins, Maxwell Weinmann, Sharon L. Wetherall, Mallory Williams, Sarah H. Wiser, Zhiling Xiong, Warren M. Zapol, Jie Zhou
- Edited by Charles Vacanti, Scott Segal, Pankaj Sikka, Richard Urman
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- Book:
- Essential Clinical Anesthesia
- Published online:
- 05 January 2012
- Print publication:
- 11 July 2011, pp xv-xxviii
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VLA Observations of Angular Broadening Close to the Sun
- Pradeep Gothoskar, K.R. Anantharamahaia, Ketan Desai, A.P. Rao
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- Journal:
- International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 182 / 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2016, pp. 193-196
- Print publication:
- 2001
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We present synthesis imaging of scatter-broadening of radio sources carried out using the Very Large Array (VLA) at six radio frequencies during the period of solar minimum. Three compact radio sources were observed from 2 to 16 solar radii around the sun. The data indicate highly anisotropic scattering. The scatter-broadening was estimated from the area of the scattered image and was found to be factor of two lower and orientation of magnetic fields was closer to the radial direction. Present observations confirm the variation of scatter-broadening with solar elongation.
IPS Observations of Short-Time Scale Interplanetary Activity
- Pradeep Gothoskar, A. Pramesh Rao
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- Journal:
- International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 154 / 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2016, pp. 225-228
- Print publication:
- 1996
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We have carried out a program of continuous Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) monitoring of the interplanetary activity using Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT). From May 1990 to March 1991, during the 22nd solar maximum, a few radio sources were monitored to provide long stretches of IPS data with a high-time resolution of few minutes. These observations covered 0.3 to 0.8 AU region (12° to 70° elongations) around the sun at several heliographic latitudes. During the observation, we detected 33 short-time scale IPS events which had significant variation in the scintillation index and solar wind velocity. These were considered to be due to travelling interplanetary disturbances.
A multi-component model of plasma density enhancement was developed to estimate the geometry and physical properties of these IPS events. Detailed analysis of 20 of these events suggests, 1. fast IPS events were interplanetary signatures of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), 2. the average mass and energy of these events was ~ 1016 gm and 1033 erg respectively, 3. 80% of IPS events were associated with X-ray flares on the sun and 50% were associated with geomagnetic activity at earth. Detailed study of the multi-component model suggests IPS observations at smaller elongations (hence at higher radio frequencies) are more suited to detect fast-moving interplanetary disturbances such as produced by CMEs.
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