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Novel Methods for Hard X-ray Holographic Lensless Imaging
- M. Saliba, J. Bosgra, A. D. Parsons, U. H. Wagner, C. Rau, P. Thibault
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 22 / Issue S3 / July 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 July 2016, pp. 110-111
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- July 2016
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Modelling and design of the coherence and imaging beamline I13L at the Diamond Light Source
- U. H. Wagner, Z. D. Pešić, C. Rau
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- Journal:
- Diamond Light Source Proceedings / Volume 1 / Issue SRMS-7 / October 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 January 2011, e128
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- October 2010
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I13L is a 250 m long hard X-ray beamline (6–30 keV) currently under construction at the Diamond Light Source. The beamline comprises two independent experimental endstations: one for imaging in direct space using X-ray microscopy and one for imaging in reciprocal space using coherent diffraction-based imaging techniques. This paper will discuss the coherence branch, where well-defined coherence properties and preservation of the coherent flux are important. We will demonstrate the impact of optical components and stability onto the beamline performance, using phase-space-based ray-tracing techniques. The implications onto the beamline design will be demonstrated using our in-house build quadruple crystal monochromator as an example.
Development and performance of a versatile soft X-ray polarimeter
- H. Wang, U. H. Wagner, S. S. Dhesi, K. J. S. Sawhney, F. Maccherozzi, G. van der Laan, M. A. MacDonald, I. B. Poole, F. M. Quinn, C. J. Latimer
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- Journal:
- Diamond Light Source Proceedings / Volume 1 / Issue SRMS-7 / October 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 November 2010, e116
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- October 2010
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With modern undulators generating light of an arbitrary polarization state, experiments exploiting this feature in the soft X-ray region are becoming increasingly widespread. Circularly polarized light in the soft X-ray region is of particular interest to investigate of magnetic metals such as Fe, Co and Ni, and the rare earths. A versatile multilayer polarimeter has been designed and developed to characterize the polarization state of the soft X-ray beam. A W/B4C multilayer transmission phase retarder and reflection analyser has been used for polarimetry measurements on the beamline (I06) at Diamond Light Source. The design details of the polarimeter and preliminary polarimetry results are presented.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Design of the experimental stage for coherent diffraction imaging
- Z. D. Pešić, U. H. Wagner, C. Rau
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- Journal:
- Diamond Light Source Proceedings / Volume 1 / Issue SRMS-7 / October 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 September 2010, e103
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- October 2010
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The I13 beamline of Diamond Light Source encompasses two fully independent branches devoted for coherent imaging experiments (coherent X-ray diffraction and ptychography) and X-ray imaging and tomography (full-field microscopy and in-line phase contrast imaging). This contributed paper outlines the main features of the coherence beamline and a preliminary design of the experimental station for coherent X-ray diffraction imaging.
Temporal and right frontal lobe alterations in panic disorder: a quantitative volumetric and voxel-based morphometric MRI study
- T. Sobanski, G. Wagner, G. Peikert, U. Gruhn, K. Schluttig, H. Sauer, R. Schlösser
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- Psychological Medicine / Volume 40 / Issue 11 / November 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 January 2010, pp. 1879-1886
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Background
With regard to current neurobiological theories, the aim of our study was to examine possible alterations of temporal and frontal lobe volume in panic disorder (PD).
MethodSeventeen in-patients with PD and a group of healthy control subjects (HC) matched for age and gender were investigated by quantitative volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Structures of interest were: the temporal lobe, the amygdala–hippocampus complex (AHC) and the frontal lobe. In addition, a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping 5 (SPM5) was used for a more detailed assessment of possible volume alterations. Modulated grey matter (GM) images were used to test our a priori hypotheses and to present the volumetric results.
ResultsQuantitative volumetric MRI revealed a bilateral reduction in temporal lobe volume in patients with PD compared to HC subjects. The AHC was normal. The right frontal lobe volume was also decreased. Using VBM we detected a significant GM volume reduction in the right middle temporal gyrus [Brodmann area (BA) 21] in patients with PD. In addition, there was a reduction in GM volume in the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (BA 11).
ConclusionsOur results of reduced temporal and frontal lobe volume in PD are in agreement with prior studies. By using a recent VBM approach we were able to assess the abnormalities more precisely. The location of GM volume reduction in the right middle temporal gyrus and medial orbitofrontal cortex lends further support to recent aetiological models of PD.
The effect of dopamine depletion on light-evoked and circadian retinomotor movements in the teleost retina
- R. H. Douglas, H.-J. Wagner, M. Zaunreiter, U. D. Behrens, M. B. A. Djamgoz
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- Journal:
- Visual Neuroscience / Volume 9 / Issue 3-4 / October 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 June 2009, pp. 335-343
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The retinae of lower vertebrates undergo a number of structural changes during light adaptation, including the photomechanical contraction of cone myoids and the dispersion of melanin granules within the epithelial pigment. Since the application of dopamine to dark-adapted retinae is known to produce morphological changes that are characteristic of light adaptation, dopamine is accepted as a causal mechanism for such retinomotor movements. However, we report here that in the teleost fish, Aequidens pulcher, the intraocular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a substance known to destroy dopaminergic retinal cells, has no effect on the triggering of light-adaptive retinomotor movements of the cones and epithelial pigment and only slightly depresses the final level of light adaptation reached. Furthermore, the retina continues to show circadian retinomotor changes even after 48 h in continual darkness that are similar in both control and 6-OHDA injected fish. Biochemical assay and microscopic examination showed that 6-OHDA had destroyed dopaminergic retinal cells. We conclude, therefore, that although a dopaminergic mechanism is probably involved in the control of light-induced retinomotor movements, it cannot be the only control mechanism, nor can it be the cause of circadian retinomotor migrations. Interestingly, 6-OHDA injected eyes never reached full retinomotor dark adaptation, suggesting that dopamine has a role to play in the retina's response to darkness.
The circadian component of spinule dynamics in teleost retinal horizontal cells is dependent on the dopaminergic system
- H.-J. Wagner, U. D. Behrens, M. Zaunreiter, R. H. Douglas
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- Journal:
- Visual Neuroscience / Volume 9 / Issue 3-4 / October 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 June 2009, pp. 345-351
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During the light phase of a light/dark cycle, dendrites of teleost cone horizontal cells display numerous finger-like projections, called spinules, which are formed at dawn and degraded at dusk, and are thought to be involved in chromatic feedback processes. We have studied the oscillations of these spinules during a normal light/dark cycle and during 48 h of constant darkness in two groups of strongly rhythmic, diurnal fish, Aequidens pulcher. In one group the retinal dopaminergic system had been destroyed by the application of 6-OHDA, while in the other (control) group, the dopaminergic system was intact. In control fish, oscillations of spinule numbers were observed under both normal and constant dark conditions, indicating the presence of a robust circadian rhythm. However, spinule dynamics were severely affected by the absence of retinal dopamine. During the normal light phase, the number of spinules in 6-OHDA injected retinae was strongly reduced, and throughout continual darkness, spinule formation was almost completely suppressed. These results indicate that dopamine is essential for both light-evoked and circadian spinule formation; furthermore, we conclude that there is no circadian oscillator within horizontal cells controlling the formation of spinules.
V838 Monocerotis — a Newly Discovered, Very Peculiar, Slow Nova-Like Object
- Thomas Rauch, Peter Hauschildt, Martin Asplund, R. Gredel, H.-U. Käufl, Florian Kerber, Michael Rosa, Sumner G. Starrfield, R. Mark Wagner, Robert E. Williams
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- Journal:
- International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 187 / 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2016, pp. 345-350
- Print publication:
- 2002
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The eruptive variable V838 Mon was discovered on Jan 6, 2002. Due to a subsequent phase of almost constant brightness and a spectral appearance which is unlike classical novae, speculations have been made about its nature. Either it was a very peculiar, slow nova defining a new class, an eruptive event in an evolved star as in the case of Sakurai’s Object but in a much earlier phase, or something completely different.
Water rise kinetics in refilling xylem after desiccation in a resurrection plant
- H. SCHNEIDER, N. WISTUBA, H.-J. WAGNER, F. THÜRMER, U. ZIMMERMANN
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- Journal:
- The New Phytologist / Volume 148 / Issue 2 / November 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2000, pp. 221-238
- Print publication:
- November 2000
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The acropetal water refilling kinetics of the dry xylem of branches (up to 80 cm tall) of the resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia were determined with high temporal resolution by observation of light refraction at the advancing water front and the associated recurving of the folded leaves. To study the effect of gravity on water rise, data were acquired for cut upright, horizontal and inverted branches. Water rise kinetics were also determined with hydrostatic and osmotic pressure as well as at elevated temperatures (up to 100 °C) under laboratory conditions and compared with those obtained with intact (rooted) and cut branches under field conditions. Experiments in which water climbed under its capillary pressure alone, showed that the axial flow occurred only in a very few conducting elements at a much higher rate than in many of the other ones. The onset of transpiration of the unfolded and green leaves did not affect the rise kinetics in the ‘prominent’ conducting elements. Application of pressure apparently increased the number of elements making a major contribution to axial xylem flow. Analysis of these data in terms of capillary-pressure-driven water ascent in leaky capillaries demonstrated that root pressure, not capillary pressure, is the dominant force for rehydration of rooted, dry plants. The main reasons for the failure of capillary forces in xylem refilling were the small, rate-limiting effective radii of the conducting elements for axial water ascent (c. 1 μm compared with radii of the vessels and tracheids of c. 18 μm and 3 μm, respectively) and the very poor wetting of the dry walls. The contact (wetting) angles were of the order of 80 ° and decreased on root or externally applied hydrostatic pressure. This supported our previous assumption that the inner walls of the dry conducting elements are covered with a lipid layer that is removed or disintegrates upon wetting. Consistent with this, potassium chloride and, particularly, sugars exerted an osmotic pressure effect on axial water climbing (reflection coefficients > zero, but small). Although the osmotically active solutes apparently suppressed radial water spread through the tissue to the leaf cells, they reduced the axial water ascent rather than accelerating it as predicted by the theory of capillary-driven water rise in leaky capillaries. Killing cells by heat treatment and removal of the bark, phelloderm, cortex and phloem also resulted in a reduction of the axial rise rate and final height. These observations demonstrated that radial water movement driven by the developing osmotic and turgor pressure in the living cells was important for the removal of the lipid layer from the walls of those conducting elements that were primarily not involved in water rise. There is some evidence from field measurements of the axial temperature gradients along rooted branches that interfacial (Marangoni) streaming facilitated lipid removal (under formation of vesicle-like structures and lipid bodies) upon wetting.
Xylem conduits of a resurrection plant contain a unique lipid lining and refill following a distinct pattern after desiccation
- H.-J. WAGNER, H. SCHNEIDER, S. MIMIETZ, N. WISTUBA, M. ROKITTA, G. KROHNE, A. HAASE, U. ZIMMERMANN
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- Journal:
- The New Phytologist / Volume 148 / Issue 2 / November 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2000, pp. 239-255
- Print publication:
- November 2000
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The axial and radial refilling with water of cut dry branches (up to 80 cm tall) of the resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia was studied in both acro- and basipetal directions by using 1H-NMR imaging. NMR measurements showed that the conducting elements were not filled simultaneously. Axial water ascent occurred initially only in a cluster of a very few conducting elements. Refilling of the other conducting elements and of the living cells was mainly achieved by radial extraction of water from these initial conducting elements. With time, xylem elements in a few further regions were apparently refilled axially. Radial water spread through the tissue occurred almost linearly with time, but much faster in the acropetal than in the basipetal direction. Application of hydrostatic pressure (up to 16 kPa) produced similar temporal and spatial radial refilling patterns, except that more conducting elements were refilled axially during the first phase of water rise. The addition of raffinose to the water considerably reduced axial and radial spreading rates. The polarity of water climbing was supported by measurements of the water rise in dry branches using the ‘light refraction’ (and, sometimes, the ‘leaf recurving’) method. Basipetal refilling of the xylem conduit exhibited biphasic kinetics; the final rise height did not exceed 20–30 cm. Three-cm-long branch pieces also showed a directionality of water climbing, ruling out the possibility that changes in the conducting area from the base to the apex of the branches were responsible for this effect. The polarity of water ascent was independent of gravity and also did not change when the ambient temperature was raised to c. 40 °C. At external pressures of 50–100 kPa the polarity disappeared, with basipetal and acropetal refill times of the xylem conduit of tall branches becoming comparable. Refilling of branches dried horizontally (with a clinostat) or inverted (in the direction of gravity) showed a pronounced reduction of the acropetal water rise to or below basipetal water climbing level (which was unaffected by this treatment). Unlike water, benzene and acetone climbing showed no polarity. In the case of benzene, the rise kinetics (including the final heights) were comparable with those measured acropetally for water, whereas with acetone the rise height was less. Transmission electron microscopy of dry branches demonstrated that the inner surfaces of the conducting tracheids and vessels were lined with a continuous osmiophilic (lipid) layer, as postulated by the kinetic analysis and light microscopy studies. The thickness of the layer varied between 20 and 80 nm. The parenchymal and intervessel pits as well as numerous tracheid corners contained opaque inclusions, presumably also consisting of lipids. Electron microscopy of rehydrated plants showed that the lipid layer was either thinned or had disintegrated and that numerous vesicle-like structures and lipid bodies were formed (together with various intermediate structural elements). These, many other data and the physical–chemical literature imply that several (radial) driving forces (such as capillary condensation, Marangoni forces, capillary, osmotic and turgor pressure forces) operate when a few conducting elements become axially refilled with water. These forces apparently lead to an avalanche-like radial refilling of most of the conducting elements and living cells, and thus to the removal of the ‘internal cuticle’ and of the hydrophobic inclusions in the pits. The polarity of water movement presumably results from high resistances in the basipetal direction, which are created by local gradients in the thickness of the lipid film as a result of draining under gravity in response to drought. There are striking similarities in morphology and function between the xylem-lining lipid film and the lung surfactant film lining the pulmonary air spaces of mammals.
18 - What Do We Know about Old Age and Aging? Conclusions from the Berlin Aging Study
- Edited by Paul B. Baltes, Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Berlin, Karl Ulrich Mayer, Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Berlin
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- The Berlin Aging Study
- Published online:
- 06 December 2010
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- 28 November 1998, pp 475-520
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Summary
Introduction
Our central goal in this concluding chapter is to make the presentation of BASE findings accessible to readers from different backgrounds and to elucidate some implications for social policy and application. To this end, a certain degree of overlap in the material presented is unavoidable.
To begin, we address readers with a general interest in aging research. Our aim is to show discrepancies between social expectations of old age and the evidence obtained in the Berlin Aging Study. We employ a format developed by Palmore (1988) in the Facts on Aging Quiz that confronts readers with a list of assertions about old age and aging. Using new questions and BASE findings, we then reveal the “correct” response (see Section 2).
In Section 3, we address specialists in the field of gerontology and summarize important results from each of the four BASE research units. In Section 4, we take a systemic perspective, combine these discipline-specific findings, and examine whether certain groups of older people or patterns of aging can be distinguished. In a sense, the observations offered in Section 4 are the closest we come to a wholistic view of aging, one of the stated primary objectives of BASE.
Finally, in the light of BASE findings, we consider whether current images of old age are too positive or too negative. We also discuss the implications of BASE results in terms of the theoretical conceptions of differential aging, continuity versus discontinuity, and systemic aspects of aging.
6 - Psychiatric Illnesses in Old Age
- Edited by Paul B. Baltes, Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Berlin, Karl Ulrich Mayer, Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Berlin
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- The Berlin Aging Study
- Published online:
- 06 December 2010
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- 28 November 1998, pp 167-196
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Summary
In this chapter, we report empirical findings from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE) on the types and frequencies of psychiatric illnesses in old age, their somatic and social predictors, and their consequences.
Nearly half (44%) of the West Berliners aged 70 and above had no psychiatric disorders, whereas less than a quarter (24%) were clearly psychiatrically ill (specified DSM-III-R diagnoses). The remaining third consisted of carriers of psychopathological symptoms without illness value (16%) and of psychiatric syndromes with illness value (17%). Because this last group (mainly affective disorders) differs from the psychiatrically healthy in indicators of health impairment (in prognosis and use of psychotropic drugs), despite not fulfilling the criteria of operationalized DSM-III-R diagnoses, we speak of “subdiagnostic psychiatric morbidity.” In further analyses we tried to determine the thresholds defining gradations from mental health to subdiagnostic psychiatric morbidity. Thus, with the help of a consensus conference between internists and psychiatrists, which was specifically developed for the purpose of BASE, we have demonstrated that in the case of depression, scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) are half as great when cases that are probably of somatic origin are excluded.
The most frequent psychiatric illness in old age is dementia, affecting 14% of those aged 70 years and above. Recalculated for the population of over-65-year-olds, this corresponds to a prevalence of 6% (excluding mild forms). The number of dementia cases increases strongly with age. […]
Film/substrate interactions and superconducting properties of Tl(Ba1−xSrx)2Ca2Cu3Oy thin films on (001) SrTiO3 and SrTiO3-buffered (001) MgO substrates
- A. P. Bramley, C. R. M. Grovenor, M. J. Goringe, J. D. O'Connor, A. P. Jenkins, D. Dew-Hughes, N. Reschauer, H. H. Wagner, W. Brozio, U. Spreitzer, K. F. Renk
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 13 / Issue 8 / August 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2011, pp. 2057-2066
- Print publication:
- August 1998
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We have developed a process for the fabrication of (001) oriented SrTiO3 buffer layers onto (001) MgO substrates by rf magnetron sputtering followed by a post-deposition heat treatment in air. Precursor films with Tl :Ba : Ca : Cu ratio 2 : 2 : 2 : 3 were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering onto both these buffered substrates and directly onto (001) SrTiO3 single-crystal substrates, and thalliated at elevated temperatures. Because of Sr diffusion from the substrate/buffer layer, and its subsequent substitution for Ba in the superconducting film, the single Tl–O layer phase Tl(Ba1−xSrx)2Ca2Cu3Oy was stabilized. Diffusion of Ba and Ca in the opposite direction led to the formation of a Ba–Ca–Ti–O compound at the interface. The Tl(Ba1xSrx)2Ca2Cu3Oy films typically have superconducting transition temperatures (Tc's) > 103 K and critical current densities (Jc's) > 2.9 × 105 A cm−2 at 77 K. Rs values measured on these films and scaled to 10 GHz were 3.0 mΩ at 80 K and <200 µΩ at 50 K for the film grown on SrTiO3 buffered MgO, and 2.0 mΩ and 1.0 mΩ at 50 K for the film grown directly onto the (001) SrTiO3 substrate. Films fabricated on (001) SrTiO3 using an in situ deposition technique with a substrate temperature around 100 °C lower than the ex situ thalliation temperature showed no evidence of an interfacial reaction layer.
Lightweight Products with Metal Foam - Properties and Methods of Processing
- R. Neugebauer, H. Brdunlich, U. Wagner
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 521 / 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 271
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- 1998
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The aim of future production technology is the economic application of lightweight components with improved property profiles.
Demands for weight reduction made by both the automotive industry and the machine-building industry can be met through selective utilization of metal foam composite _ structures. To that end, basic investigations into material behavior and the machineability of metal foam composites are necessary.
The presentation will submit an overview of the properties and processing parameters of selected composites based on an analysis of industrial requirements. The development of analytical models of the process mechanics will contribute to the creation of preconditions for a numerical simulation of selected processes. Innovative applications and the potential for future use of metal foam composites in lightweight construction will be shown as well.
Finally, results from projects of the Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Umformtechnik together with industrial companies in Saxony will be presented.
The Instrument of the Astrometric Mission Diva
- S.J. Wagner, W. Seifert, H. Mandel, U. Bastian, S. RÖser
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- Journal:
- Highlights of Astronomy / Volume 11 / Issue 1 / 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 August 2015, p. 584
- Print publication:
- 1998
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As a follow-up to the most successful Hipparcos mission we have suggested a mini-satellite. The instrument DIVA is a pair of two small Fizeau interferometers with a fixed angular separation scanning the entire sky in a Hipparcos-type fashion. Despite its small apertures the very efficient opticaldesign and the use of CCD detectors will allow a significant increase in performance compared to the Hipparcos mission. Introducing objective prisms in front of the beam combiners will generate dispersed fringes which will allow a more accurate astrometry and much more detailed spectro-photometric information than filtered, undispered fringes. A complete optical system was designed which is suitable to achieve the desired goal and may be expanded to the size of GAIA. Likewise, several options exists to improve the capabilities and the depth of the DIVA mission.
Mechanical Anisotropy of a Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloy After Hot Extrusion
- M. Oehring, U. Lorenz, R. Niefanger, F Appel, H.-G. Brokmeier, R. Wagner, H. Clemens, N. Eberhardt
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 552 / 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, KK5.13.1
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- 1998
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By hot extrusion below and above the α transus temperature equiaxed and predominantly lamellar microstructures were obtained in a Ti aluminide alloy. In order to examine a possible orientation dependence of mechanical properties the flow stress, the activation parameters of plastic deformation and the fracture toughness were determined parallel and perpendicular to the extrusion direction at room temperature and 700 °C. The observed anisotropy in these properties may be mainly attributed to anisotropies in the microstructures, in particular to a preferential alignment of lamellae in lamellar microstructures.
Resonant Raman Scattering in GaN/Al0.15 Ga0.85N and InyGa1-yN/GaN/AlxGa1-xN Heterostructures
- D. Behr, R. Niebuhr, H. Obloh, J. Wagner, K. H. Bachem, U. Kaufmann
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 468 / 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 213
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- 1997
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We report on resonant Raman scattering in Al0.15Ga0.85N/GaN single quantum wells (QWs) and AlxGa1-xN/GaN/lnyGa1-yN heterostructures. By choosing appropriate excitation conditions we could probe selectively the GaN quantum well or the Al0.15Ga0.85N barrier of Al0.15Ga0.85N/GaN single quantum wells. For the InxGa1-xN material system a linear frequency shift of the E2- and A1(LO) phonon mode to lower frequencies was found with increasing In content. The shift was determined to -0.79cm-1 per % In content for the A,(LO) phonon frequency. Resonant excitation of AlxGa1-xN/GaN/InyGa1-YN heterostructures enabled us to detect phonon signals from the InxGa1-xN layer in the heterostructure and to determine its In content.
Hall-Effect Studies on Microcrystalline Silicon with Different Structural Composition and Doping
- U. Backhausen, R. Carius, F. Finger, P. Hapke, U. Zastrow, H. Wagner
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 452 / 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 833
- Print publication:
- 1996
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Hall-effect experiments on <n>-type microcrystalline silicon samples with a wide range of structural composition and doping have been performed. For highly doped samples the conductivity Σ and the mobility μ show a non-singly activated behaviour while the carrier density is almost temperature independent. The comparison of the carrier density with the phosphorous concentration in conjunction with the conductivity gives strong evidence that the Hall-effect data have to be corrected with the crystalline volume fraction Xc. Furthermore, the increase of the mobility with Xc, which is linked in our case to the grain size, can be explained when the length of the transport paths is taken into account. Our results will be discussed in the framework of different transport models. It is concluded that transport in μc-Si:H can not be explained in terms of thermionic emission over barriers with a well defined barrier height; instead a distribution of barrier heights have to be considered. A transport model is suggested where μc-Si:H is viewed as an interconnected network.
Structural and Optical Properties of AlGaN/GaN Quantum-Well Structures Grown by MOCVD on Sapphire
- R. Niebuhr, K. H. Bachem, D. Behr, C. Hoffmann, U. Kaufmann, Y. Lu, B. Santic, J. Wagner, M. Arlery, J. L. Rouviere, H. Jürgensen
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 449 / 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 769
- Print publication:
- 1996
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AlGaN/GaN single quantum wells (QW) have been grown on 2” sapphire substrates (c-plane) by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The well width was varied between 20 and 40 Å for barriers containing 4 % and 16 % of aluminium. Cathodoluminescence (CL) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the samples show, as expected, a shift of the quantum well emission to higher energies with decreasing well width, whereas the barrier luminescence stays at constant energy. Examination of the QWs by resonant Raman spectroscopy tuned to the gap of the well, clearly shows the GaN A1(LO) phonon besides the AlGaN A1(LO) phonon from the barrier. For a well width of 20 Å we observe a shift of the A1(LO) GaN phonon indicating a certain degree of intermixing at the GaN/AlGaN interface. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) reveals that the layers are growing in a 2-dimensional step flow growth mode with step heights of 3 and 6 Å corresponding to mono- and biatomic steps. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) micrographs of the 40 Å well show a very low interface roughness of 1–2 atomic layers.