Accelerating Diagnostics in a Time of Crisis The Response to COVID-19 and a Roadmap for Future Pandemics
Book contents
- Accelerating Diagnostics in a Time of Crisis
- Accelerating Diagnostics in a Time of Crisis
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Chapter 1 Early Detection, Response, and Surveillance of the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis
- Chapter 2 Immunology of COVID-19 and Ineffective Immunity
- Chapter 3 Clinical Management: A Roadmap Based on One New York City Hospital’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Chapter 4 Contribution of RADx® Tech to the Rapid Development of COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests
- Chapter 5 Coordination of Resources for the Manufacturing and Deployment of COVID-19 Diagnostic Assays
- Chapter 6 Quality and Risk Management Processes for Diagnostic Assays during an Emergency Pandemic Response
- Chapter 7 Development of Assays to Diagnose COVID-19
- Chapter 8 Laboratory Verification and Clinical Validation of COVID-19 Diagnostic Assays
- Chapter 9 Importance of Timely Sequencing, Tracking, and Surveillance of Emergent Variants
- Chapter 10 The RADx® Regulatory Core and Its Role in COVID-19 Emergency Use Authorizations
- Chapter 11 Commercialization and Market Assessment of COVID-19 Assays
- Chapter 12 Testing Strategies to Mitigate COVID-19 Disease Spread
- Chapter 13 A Pandemic Not Just of Infection but of Inequality: The Social Impact of COVID-19
- Chapter 14 Summary and Path Forward for Future Pandemics
- Index
- References
Chapter 13 - A Pandemic Not Just of Infection but of Inequality: The Social Impact of COVID-19
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 January 2024
Book contents
- Accelerating Diagnostics in a Time of Crisis
- Accelerating Diagnostics in a Time of Crisis
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Chapter 1 Early Detection, Response, and Surveillance of the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis
- Chapter 2 Immunology of COVID-19 and Ineffective Immunity
- Chapter 3 Clinical Management: A Roadmap Based on One New York City Hospital’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Chapter 4 Contribution of RADx® Tech to the Rapid Development of COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests
- Chapter 5 Coordination of Resources for the Manufacturing and Deployment of COVID-19 Diagnostic Assays
- Chapter 6 Quality and Risk Management Processes for Diagnostic Assays during an Emergency Pandemic Response
- Chapter 7 Development of Assays to Diagnose COVID-19
- Chapter 8 Laboratory Verification and Clinical Validation of COVID-19 Diagnostic Assays
- Chapter 9 Importance of Timely Sequencing, Tracking, and Surveillance of Emergent Variants
- Chapter 10 The RADx® Regulatory Core and Its Role in COVID-19 Emergency Use Authorizations
- Chapter 11 Commercialization and Market Assessment of COVID-19 Assays
- Chapter 12 Testing Strategies to Mitigate COVID-19 Disease Spread
- Chapter 13 A Pandemic Not Just of Infection but of Inequality: The Social Impact of COVID-19
- Chapter 14 Summary and Path Forward for Future Pandemics
- Index
- References
Summary
It is hard to fully encompass or articulate the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on society in the USA and around the world. From the early days of denial, through waves upon waves of cases and deaths, to the sad recognition that we do not yet know when the era of COVID-19 will end, the last few years have been a tragedy on multiple dimensions. Of course, the pandemic also shed light on the heroes among us, and many groups and organizations rose to the occasion. Work-from-home arrangements flourished, potentially changing the world of work forever. Digital innovations abounded. The reduction in traffic, and thus pollution, gave the planet a chance to breathe. And, in many countries, faith in the public sector was restored as governments responded rapidly on many fronts, from public health to the preservation of incomes for households and offering a lifeline of support to businesses. In this chapter, we focus on some of the most significant impacts of COVID-19 on US society, including many of the social ills it exposed, from income inequality and inequitable access to health care to the untenable burdens placed on public health workers.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Accelerating Diagnostics in a Time of CrisisThe Response to COVID-19 and a Roadmap for Future Pandemics, pp. 250 - 262Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2024
References
CDC, What is health equity? (2022). www.cdc.gov/healthequity/whatis/index.html (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
KFF, COVID-19 deaths by race/ethnicity (2022). https://tinyurl.com/bdh7mret (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Dupré, B., Queen, C. S., Cahalan, S., et al., One million U.S. Covid deaths, New York Times (2022). https://tinyurl.com/35b4t22t (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Hillis, S. D., Blenkinsop, A., Villaveces, A., et al., COVID-19–associated orphanhood and caregiver death in the United States. Pediatrics, 148, 6 (2021), e2021053760.Google Scholar
Pathak, E. B., Menard, J. M., Garcia, R. B., and Salemi, J. L., Joint effects of socioeconomic position, race/ethnicity, and gender on COVID-19 mortality among working-age adults in the United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19, 9 (2022), 5479.Google Scholar
Artiga, S., Garfield, R., and Orgera, K., KFF: communities of color at higher risk for health and economic challenges due to COVID-19 (2020). https://tinyurl.com/2p8punv6 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Mills, C. K. and Battisto, J., Double jeopardy: COVID-19’s concentrated health and wealth effects in Black communities (2020). https://tinyurl.com/ycxp2m88 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Kirzinger, A., Hamel, L., Sparks, G., et al., KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor: the pandemic’s toll on workers and family finances during the omicron surge (2022). https://tinyurl.com/bdh8ks8u (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Villarosa, L., Pollution is killing Black Americans. This community fought back, New York Times (2020). https://tinyurl.com/nnfdp7t6 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Kochhar, R., Hispanic women, immigrants, young adults, those with less education hit hardest by COVID-19 job losses, Pew Research Center (2020). https://tinyurl.com/mv2fx5cz (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Fry, R., Some gender disparities widened in the U.S. workforce during the pandemic, Pew Research Center (2022). https://tinyurl.com/4u824z5p (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Urban Institute, Health Reform Monitoring Survey. https://tinyurl.com/ycx7upyv (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Devitt, M., COVID-19 continues to cause some people to put off care, AAFP (2021). https://tinyurl.com/3e8yrew7 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
UC Davis Health, Good food is good medicine. Are school lunches really important for your kid’s health? (2019). https://tinyurl.com/mr223d5b (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Hawkins, B., The 74. The fallout from the pandemic’s K-shaped recession may be felt by students for years. How can schools head off this COVID classroom crisis? (2021). https://tinyurl.com/2p9bw3tx (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Dorn, E., Hancock, B., Sarakatsannis, J., and Viruleg, E., COVID-19 and learning loss—disparities grow and students need help (2020). https://tinyurl.com/9ztjkxab (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
US Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights (OCR), Education in a pandemic: the disparate impacts of COVID-19 on America’s students (2021). https://tinyurl.com/ycx8xrpk (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Mitchell, F., COVID-19’s disproportionate effects on children of color will challenge the next generation (2020). https://tinyurl.com/24byc5e2 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Oster, E., Jack, R., Halloran, C., et al., CDC: disparities in learning mode access among K–12 students during the COVID-19 pandemic, by race/ethnicity, geography, and grade level – United States, September 2020–April 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 70, 26 (2021), 953–958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korman, H. T. N., O’Keefe, B., and Repka, M., Missing in the margins 2020: estimating the scale of the COVID-19 attendance crisis (2020). https://tinyurl.com/yc86suzb (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Kuhfeld, M., Soland, J., and Lewis, K.. Test score patterns across three COVID-19-impacted school years (2022). www.edworkingpapers.com/ai22-521 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
The Nations Report Card, Reading and mathematics scores decline during COVID-19 pandemic (2022). www.nationsreportcard.gov/highlights/ltt/2022/ (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Trust for America’s Health (TFAH), Well Being Trust (WBT), U.S. experienced highest ever combined rates of deaths due to alcohol, drugs, and suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic (2022). https://tinyurl.com/4n9zwc33 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Berman, A., Indigenous Alaskans died from COVID-19 at nearly three times the rate of white Alaskans, CDC report says, Anchorage Daily News (2022). https://tinyurl.com/zz35rxd3 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Racine, N., McArthur, B. A., Cooke, J. E., et al., Global prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19: a meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr, 175, 11 (2021), 1142.Google Scholar
Paley, A.. National Survey on LGBTQ Youth Mental Health 2021 (2021). www.thetrevorproject.org/survey-2021/?section=Introduction (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Benton, T., Njoroge, W. F. M., and Ng, W. Y. K., Sounding the alarm for children’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Pediatr, 176, 4 (2022), e216295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Washington, J., Stress up at school for students and teachers amid lasting pandemic, in Cleveland area and nationally (2022). https://tinyurl.com/5dyvjb72 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
American Academy of Pediatrics, AAP-AACAP-CHA declaration of a national emergency in child and adolescent mental health (2021). https://tinyurl.com/3y674fzx (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Druss, B. G. and Walker, E. R., Mental disorders and medical comorbidity. Synth Proj Res Synth Rep, 21 (2011), 1–26.Google Scholar
Taquet, M., Luciano, S., Geddes, J. R., and Harrison, P. J., Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62 354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. Lancet Psychiatry, 8, 2 (2021), 130–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koma, W., True, S., Biniek, J. F., et al., One in four older adults report anxiety or depression amid the COVID-19 pandemic (2020). https://tinyurl.com/4tp2thnm (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Murthy, V. H., Addressing health worker burnout: the U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory on building a thriving health workforce (2022). https://tinyurl.com/mrw5a7e3 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Shajahan, A., Pasquetto, I., Winner, D., and Testa, L., The MisinfoRx gives health care providers the knowledge and training to tackle patient-held medical misinformation. https://misinforx.com/ (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Adolph, C., Amano, K., Bang-Jensen, B., et al., Governor partisanship explains the adoption of statewide mask mandates in response to COVID-19. State Polit Policy Q, 22, 1 (2022), 24–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahane, L. H., Politicizing the mask: political, economic and demographic factors affecting mask wearing behavior in the USA. East Econ J, 47, 2 (2021), 163–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loomba, S., de Figueiredo, A., Piatek, S. J., et al., Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA. Nat Hum Behav, 5, 3 (2021), 337–348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH), The disinformation dozen (2021). https://counterhate.com/research/the-disinformation-dozen/ (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
KFF, KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor. https://tinyurl.com/y2ydad84 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Fraser, M. R., Harassment of health officials: a significant threat to the public’s health. Am J Public Health, 112, 5 (2022), 728–730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PHWINS), The public health workforce in the COVID 19 era: younger, more diverse, with high levels of stress and intent to leave (2021). https://debeaumont.org/phwins/2021-findings/ (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
CDC, Long COVID or post-COVID conditions (2022). www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/ (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Yong, E., One of long COVID’s worst symptoms is also its most misunderstood, The Atlantic (2022). https://tinyurl.com/4fp67946 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
ASU News, ASU releases first comprehensive survey on how companies are protecting their employees from COVID-19 (2020). https://tinyurl.com/mret76bf (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar
Brossard, D., Wood, W., Cialdini, R., and Groves, R. M., Encouraging adoption of protective behaviors to mitigate the spread of COVID-19: strategies for behavior change (2020). www.nap.edu/catalog/25881 (accessed January 30, 2023).Google Scholar