Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-24T09:02:43.029Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 7 - Infectious Diseases

from Section II - Normal and Non-neoplastic Hematolymphoid Diseases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2023

Silvia Tse Bunting
Affiliation:
Cleveland Clinic Florida Weston
Xiayuan Liang
Affiliation:
University of Colorado
Michele E. Paessler
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Satheesh Chonat
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Get access

Summary

Lymphadenopathy (LAD) refers to the enlargement and/or abnormal consistency of lymph nodes and may be localized or diffuse. It reflects the results of immune responses to different insulants such as infection, autoimmunity, or malignancy [1]. Children with LAD are much more likely to have benign etiologies than adults, and most commonly present with a cervical mass [2]. While most benign LADs in children have no identifiable cause and are defined as nonspecific reactive LAD, some cases are found to be of infectious origin, including bacteria, yeast, parasite, or virus, often referred to as lymphadenitis [3].

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Oguz, A, Karadeniz, C, Temel, EA, Citak, EC, Okur, FV. Evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006; 23(7): 549–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rajasekaran, K, Krakovitz, P. Enlarged neck lymph nodes in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013; 60(4): 923–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deosthali, A, Donches, K, DelVecchio, M, Aronoff, S. Etiologies of pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy: A systematic review of 2687 subjects. Glob Pediatr Health. 2019; 6: 2333794X19865440.Google ScholarPubMed
Chen, Y, Fu, YB, Xu, XF, Pan, Y, Lu, CY, Zhu, XL, et al. Lymphadenitis associated with cat-scratch disease simulating a neoplasm: Imaging findings with histopathological associations. Oncol Lett. 2018; 15(1): 195204.Google ScholarPubMed
Yuan, Y, Zhang, X, Xu, N, Wang, L, Li, F, Zhang, P, et al. Clinical and pathologic diagnosis and different diagnosis of syphilis cervical lymphadenitis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015; 8(10): 13635–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Cruz, AT, Ong, LT, Starke, JR. Mycobacterial infections in Texas children: A 5-year case series. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010; 29(8): 772–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reuss, AM, Wiese-Posselt, M, Weissmann, B, Siedler, A, Zuschneid, I, An der Heiden, M, et al. Incidence rate of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in immunocompetent children: A prospective nationwide surveillance study in Germany. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009; 28(7): 642–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, LL, Butler, KM, Husson, RN, Mueller, BU, Fowler, CL, Steinberg, SM, et al. Defining the population of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children at risk for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. J Pediatr. 1992; 121 (5 Pt 1): 677–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mishra, DP, Ramamurthy, S, Behera, SK. Histoplasmosis presenting as isolated cervical lymphadenopathy: A rare presentation. J Cytol. 2015; 32(3): 188–90.Google ScholarPubMed
Li, B, Zou, J, Wang, WY, Liu, SX. Toxoplasmosis presented as a submental mass: A common disease, uncommon presentation. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015; 8(3): 3308–11.Google Scholar
Saxena, S, Kumar, S, Kharbanda, J. Toxoplasmosis submandibular lymphadenitis: Report of an unusual case with a brief review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2018; 22(1): 116–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pittaluga, S. Viral-associated lymphoid proliferations. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2013; 30(2): 130–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Childs, CC, Parham, DM, Berard, CW. Infectious mononucleosis: The spectrum of morphologic changes simulating lymphoma in lymph nodes and tonsils.Am J Surg Pathol. 1987; 11(2): 122–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lum, EL, Schaenman, JM, DeNicola, M, Reddy, UG, Shen, JI, Pullarkat, ST. A case report of CMV lymphadenitis in an adult kidney transplant recipient. Transplant Proc. 2015; 47(1): 141–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staras, SA, Dollard, SC, Radford, KW, Flanders, WD, Pass, RF, Cannon, MJ. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the United States, 1988–1994. Clin Infect Dis. 2006; 43(9): 1143–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yusuf, H, Fields, E, Arrington-Sanders, R, Griffith, D, Agwu, AL. HIV preexposure prophylaxis among adolescents in the US: A review. JAMA Pediatr. 2020; 174(11): 1102–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posner, MR, Cavacini, LA, Emes, CL, Power, J, Byrn, R. Neutralization of HIV-1 by F105, a human monoclonal antibody to the CD4 binding site of gp120. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). 1993; 6(1): 714.Google Scholar
Henn, A, Flateau, C, Gallien, S. Primary HIV infection: Clinical presentation, testing, and treatment. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2017; 19(10): 37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×