Adler, H. M. ‘The sociophysiology of caring in the doctor–patient relationship’ (2002) 17 Journal of General Internal Medicine883.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Agell, A. ‘The conceptual relationship between medical malpractice and the lack of informed consent’, in Westerhall, L. and Phillips, C. (eds.), Patients’ Rights – Informed consent, access and equality (Stockholm: Nerenius & Santerus Publishers, 1994), p. 85.Google Scholar

Ainsworth-Vaughan, N.Claiming Power in Doctor-Patient Talk (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Alderson, P. and Goodey, C. ‘Theories of consent’ (1998) 317 British Medical Journal1313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Alexander, L. ‘Introduction to issues 2 and 3: Symposium on consent in sexual relations’ (1996) 2 Legal Theory87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alexander, L. ‘The moral magic of consent (II)’ (1996) 2 Legal Theory165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Appleby, J., Harrison, A. and Devlin, N.What is the Real Cost of More Patient Choice? (London: King's Fund, 2003).Google Scholar

Aristotle, (tr. Thomson, J. A. K.) The Ethics of Aristotle: The Nichomachean Ethics (London: Penguin Books, 1976).Google Scholar

Aristotle, (tr. Barker, E) Politics III (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Arneson, R. J. ‘Mill versus paternalism’ (1980) 90 Ethics470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

,Association of AnaesthetistsConsent for Anaesthesia (2006).

Austoker, J. ‘Gaining informed consent for screening’ (1999) 319 British Medical Journal722.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Aveyard, H. ‘The requirement for informed consent prior to nursing care procedures’ (2002) 37 Journal of Advanced Nursing243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Baker, J. H.An Introduction to English Legal History, 3rd edn (London: Butterworths, 1990).Google Scholar

Baker, J. H. and Milsom, S. F. C.Sources of English Legal History: Private Law to 1750 (London: Butterworths, 1986).Google Scholar

Barclay, L. ‘Autonomy and the social self ’, in Mackenzie, C. and Stoljar, N. (eds.), Relational Autonomy: Feminist perspectives on autonomy, agency and the social self (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 52.Google Scholar

Barilan, Y. M. and Weintraub, M. ‘Persuasion as respect for autonomy: An alternative view of autonomy and the limits of discourse’ (2001) 26 Journal of Medicine and Philosophy13.Google ScholarPubMed

Barneschi, M. G., Novelli, G. P., Miccinesi, G. and Paci, E. ‘Informed consent to anaesthesia’ (1998) 15 European Journal of Anaesthesiology517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Baud, R. H., Lovis, C., Rassinoux, A-M. and Scherrer, J.-R. ‘Alternative ways for knowledge collection, indexing and robust language retrieval’ (1998) 37 Methods of Information in Medicine315.Google ScholarPubMed

Beauchamp, T. L. and Childress, J. F.Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 5th edn (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).Google Scholar

Beck, J. C. ‘When the patient threatens violence: An empirical study of clinical practice after Tarasoff’ (1982) 10 Bulletin of the AAPL189.Google ScholarPubMed

Benson, J. ‘Who is the autonomous man?’ (1983) 58 Philosophy5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Benson, P. ‘Feeling crazy: Self-worth and the social character of responsibility’, in Mackenzie, C. and Stoljar, N. (eds.), Relational Autonomy: Feminist perspectives on autonomy, agency and the social self (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 72.Google Scholar

Berg, J. W. ‘Understanding waiver’ (2003) 40 Houston Law Review281.Google Scholar

Berg, J. W., Appelbaum, Lidz, P. S., , C. W. and Parker, L. S.Informed Consent: Legal Theory and Clinical Practice, 2nd edn (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).Google Scholar

Bergsma, J. ‘Cancer and autonomy’ (2002) 47 Patient Education and Counseling205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bergsma, J. and Thomasma, T.Autonomy and Clinical Medicine: Renewing the health professional relation with the patient (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berlin, I.Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969).Google Scholar

Berofsky, B. ‘Identification, the self and autonomy’ (2003) 20 Social Philosophy and Policy199.Google Scholar

Beste, J. ‘Instilling hope and respecting patient autonomy: Reconciling apparently conflicting duties’ (2005) 19 Bioethics215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Biegler, P. ‘Should patient consent be required to write a do not resuscitate order?’ (2003) 29 Journal of Medical Ethics359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bigwood, R. ‘Undue influence: “Impaired consent” or “Wicked exploitation”?’ (1996) 16 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bishop, M. ‘The possibility of conceptual clarity in philosophy’ (1992) 29 American Philosophical Quarterly267.Google Scholar

Bix, B. ‘Conceptual questions and jurisprudence’ (1995) 1 Legal Theory465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Black, C. ‘Still striving for Utopia’ (2006) 332 British Medical Journal47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Black, C. and Craft, A. ‘The competent doctor: A paper for discussion’ (2004) 4 Clinical Medicine527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bogart, J. H. ‘Commodification and phenomenology: Evading consent in theory regarding rape’ (1996) 2 Legal Theory253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bok, S.Lying: Moral choice in public and private life (New York: Vintage Books, 1978).Google Scholar

Bordieu, P. ‘The force of law: Toward a sociology of the juridical field’ (1986–1987) 38 Hastings Law Journal814.Google Scholar

Brahams, D. ‘The law and foreseeability’ (2006) 74 Medico-Legal Journal41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brazier, M. ‘Patient autonomy and consent to treatment: The role of the law?’ (1987) 7 Legal Studies169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brazier, M. ‘Competence, consent and proxy consents’, in Lobjoit, M. (eds.), Protecting the Vulnerable: Autonomy and consent in health care (London: Routledge, 1991), p. 34.Google Scholar

Brazier, M. and Miola, J. ‘Bye-bye Bolam: A medical litigation revolution?’ (2000) 8 Medical Law Review85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brennan, M. ‘A concept analysis of consent’ (1997) 25 Journal of Advanced Nursing477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bridson, J., Hammond, C., Leach, A. and Hester, M. R. ‘Making consent patient centred’ (2003) 27 British Medical Journal1159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brink, D. O. ‘Kantian rationalism: Inescapability, authority and supremacy’, in Cullity, G. and Gaut, B. (eds.), Ethics and Practical Reason (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), p. 255.Google Scholar

,The British Medical AssociationMedical Ethics Today: Its practice and philosophy (London: BMJ Publishing Group, 1993, reprinted 1998).Google Scholar

Brock, D. W. ‘Decisionmaking, competence and risk’ (1991) 5 Bioethics105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brock, D. W.Life and Death: Philosophical essays in biomedical ethics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brody, D. S. ‘The patient's role in clinical decision making’ (1980) 93 Annals of Internal Medicine718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brody, H.The Healer's Power (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Brown, H. I.Rationality (London: Routledge, 1988).Google Scholar

Brownsword, R. ‘The cult of consent: Fixation and fallacy’ (2004) 15 King's College Law Journal223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Buchanan, A. ‘Medical paternalism’ (1978) 7 Philosophy and Public Affairs370.Google ScholarPubMed

Burkitt Wright, E., Holcombe, C. and Salmon, P. ‘Doctors’ communication of trust, care, and respect in breast cancer: qualitative study’ (2004) 328 British Medical Journal864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burrows, B. J. ‘The patient's view of anaesthesia in an Australian teaching hospital’ (1982) 10 Anaesthesia and Intensive Care20.Google Scholar

Byrne, P. ‘Divergence on consent: A philosophical assay’, in Dunstan, G. R. and Seller, M. J. (eds.), Consent in Medicine: Convergence and divergence in tradition (London: King Edward's Hospital Fund, 1983), p. 45.Google Scholar

Byrne, P. ‘What may a patient properly expect of his doctor?’, in Dunstan, G. R. and Seller, M. J. (eds.), Consent in Medicine: Convergence and divergence in tradition (London: King Edward's Hospital Fund, 1983), p. 26.Google Scholar

Campbell, L. ‘Drafting styles: Fuzzy or fussy?’ (1996) 3 E Law – Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law.Google Scholar

Campbell, T. D. ‘Humanity before justice’ (1974) 4 British Journal of Political Science1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cane, P.Responsibility in Law and Morality (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2002).Google Scholar

Caplan, A. L. ‘Informed consent and provider-patient relationships in rehabilitation medicine’ (1988) 69 Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 312.Google ScholarPubMed

Capron, A. M. ‘Informed consent in catastrophic disease research and treatment’ (1974) 123 University of Pennsylvania Law Review340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cassell, E. ‘The function of medicine, (1977) 7 Hasting Center Report16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cassell, E. J.The Healer's Art (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985).Google Scholar

Cassell, E. J.The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991).Google Scholar

Chapman, I. H. ‘Informed consent – Survey of Auckland, NZ anaesthetists’ practice and attitudes’ (1997) 25 Anaesthesia and Intensive Care671.Google Scholar

Charles, C., Gafni, A. and Whelan, T. ‘Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: What does it mean? (Or it takes at least two to tango)’ (1997) 44 Social Science and Medicine681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Charlesworth, M.Bioethics in a Liberal Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chavkin, W., Allen, M. H. and Oberman, M. ‘Drug abuse and pregnancy: Some questions on public policy, clinical management, and maternal and fetal rights’ (1991) 18 Birth107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Chee Saw, K., Wood, A. M., Murphy, K., Parry, J. R. W. and Hartfall, W. G. ‘Informed consent: An evaluation of patients’ understanding and opinion (with respect to the operation of transurethral resection of the prostate)’ (1994) 87 Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine143.Google Scholar

Chell, B. ‘Competency: What it is, what it isn't, and why it matters’, in Monagle, J. F. and Thomasma, D. C. (eds.), Health Care Ethics: Critical issues for the 21st century (Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen Publishers Inc., 1998), p. 117.Google Scholar

Cherniak, C.Minimal Rationality (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1986).Google Scholar

,Chief Medical Officer. An Organisation with a Memory (London: Department of Health, 2000).Google Scholar

,Chief Medical Officer. Good Doctors, Safer Patients (London: Department of Health, 2006).Google Scholar

Childs, B. ‘Pause for thought: Contributory negligence and intentional trespass to the person’ (1993) 44 Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly334.Google Scholar

Clark, C. C. ‘Trust in medicine’ (2002) 27 Journal of Medicine and Philosophy11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clement, G.Care, Autonomy, and Justice: Feminism and the ethic of care (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Cohen, J. ‘Patient autonomy and social fairness’ (2000) 9 Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Coulter, A., The Autonomous Patient: Ending paternalism in medical care (London: The Stationery Office, 2002).Google Scholar

Coulter, A., Entwistle, V. and Gilbert, D. ‘Sharing decisions with patients: Is the information good enough?’ (1999) 318 British Medical Journal318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Coulter, A. ‘Whatever happened to shared decision-making?’ (2002) 5 Health Expectations185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cruess, S. R., Johnston, S. and Cruess, R. L. ‘Professionalism for medicine: Opportunities and obligations’ (2002) 177 Medical Journal of Australia208.Google ScholarPubMed

Cullity, G. and Gaut, B. ‘Introduction’, in Cullity, G. and Gaut, B. (eds.), Ethics and Practical Reason (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), p.1.Google Scholar

Culver, C. M. and Gert, B.Philosophy in Medicine (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982).Google Scholar

Cunliffe, J. and Reeve, A. ‘Dialogic authority’ (1999) 19 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dawes, P. J. D. and Davison, P. ‘Informed consent: What do patients want to know?’ (1994) 87 Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine149.Google ScholarPubMed

,Department of Health. Patient and Public Involvement in the New NHS (Health Service Circular: HSC (99) 210) (London: Department of Health, 1999).Google Scholar

,Department of Health. Good Practice in Consent Implementation Guide: Consent to examination or treatment (London: Department of Health, 2001).Google Scholar

,Department of Health. Reference Guide to Consent for Examination or Treatment (London: Department of Health, 2001).Google Scholar

,Department of Health. Learning from Bristol: The Department of Health's response to the report of the public inquiry into children's heart surgery at the Bristol Royal Infirmary 1984–1995, Cm 5363 (London: The Stationery Office, 2002).Google Scholar

,Department of Health. NHS Improvement Plan 2004: Putting people at the heart of public services, Cm 6268 (London: Department of Health, 2004).Google Scholar

,Department of Health. Creating a Patient-led NHS: Delivering the NHS Improvement Plan (London: Department of Health, 2005).Google Scholar

Dickenson, D.Moral Luck in Medical Ethics and Practical Politics (Aldershot: Avebury, 1991).Google Scholar

Dickenson, D.Risk and Luck in Medical Ethics (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Dodd, F. J., Donegan, H. A., Kernohan, W. G., Geary, R. V. and Mollan, R. A. B. ‘Consensus in medical communication’ (1993) 37 Social Science and Medicine565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dodds, S. ‘Choice and control in feminist bioethics’, in Mackenzie, C. and Stoljar, N. (eds.), Relational Autonomy: Feminist perspectives on autonomy, agency and the social self (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 213.Google Scholar

Doukas, D. J. ‘Where is the virtue in professionalism?’ (2003) 12 Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Doyal, L. ‘The moral foundation of the clinical duties of care: Needs, duties and human rights’ (2001) 15 Bioethics520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Doyal, L. ‘Good clinical practice and informed consent are inseparable’ (2002) 87 Heart, 103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Drane, J. ‘The many faces of competency’ (1985) 15 Hastings Center Report17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Draper, H. and Sorrell, T. ‘Patients’ responsibilities in medical ethics’ (2002) 16 Bioethics335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Draper, K. ‘The personal and impersonal dimensions of benevolence’ (2001) 36 Nous201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dupus, H. M. ‘Professional autonomy: A stumbling block for good medical practice: An analysis and interpretation’ (2000) 21 Theoretical Medicine493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dworkin, G.The Theory and Practice of Autonomy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988)CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dworkin, G. ‘Moral paternalism’ (2005) 24 Law and Philosophy305–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dworkin, R.Law's Empire (London: Fontana Press, 1986).Google Scholar

Dworkin, R.Life's Dominion (London: HarperCollins, 1993).Google Scholar

Dworkin, R. B. ‘Getting what we should from doctors: Rethinking patient autonomy and the doctor–patient relationship’ (2003) 13 Health Matrix235.Google ScholarPubMed

Dyer, A. R. and Bloch, S. ‘Informed consent and the psychiatric patient’ (1987) 13 Journal of Medical Ethics12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Earle, M. ‘The future of informed consent in British common law’ (1999) 6 European Journal of Health Law235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Eekelaar, J. and Maclean, M. ‘Marriage and the moral bases of personal relationships’ (2004) 31 Journal of Law and Society510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Elliott, C.Bioethics, Culture and Identity: A philosophical disease (New York: Routledge, 1999).Google Scholar

Emanuel, E. J. and Emanuel, L. L. ‘Four models of the physician-patient relationship’ (1992) 267 Journal of the American Medical Association2221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Endacott, R. ‘Clarifying the concept of need: A comparison of two approaches to concept analysis’ (1997) 25 Journal of Advanced Nursing471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ende, J., Kazis, L. and Moskowitz, M. A. ‘Preference for autonomy when patients are physicians’ (1990) 5 Journal of General Internal Medicine23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

EngelhardtJr, H. T. ‘The many faces of autonomy’ (2001) 9 Health Care Analysis283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

English, D. A. ‘Moral obligations of patients: A clinical view’ (2005) 30 The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Entwistle, V., Watt, I. S., Gilhooly, K., Bugge, C., Haites, N. and Walker, A. E. ‘Assessing patients’ participation and quality of decision-making: Insights from a study of routine practice in diverse settings’ (2004) 55 Patient Education and Counseling105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Epstein, M. ‘Why effective consent presupposes autonomous authorisation: A counterorthodox argument’ (2006) 32 Journal of Medical Ethics342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Erh-Soon Tay, A. ‘The sense of justice in the common law’, in Kamenka, E. and Erh-Soon Tay, A. (eds.), Justice (London: Edward Arnold, 1979), p. 79.Google Scholar

Evans, G.The Varieties of Reference (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982).Google Scholar

Faden, F. R. and Beauchamp, T. L.The History and Theory of Informed Consent (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).Google Scholar

Faulder, C.Whose Body Is It? The troubling issue of informed consent (London: Virago, 1985).Google Scholar

Feinberg, J.Harm to Others (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984).Google Scholar

Feinberg, J.Harm to Self (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).Google Scholar

Feinberg, J. ‘Autonomy’, in Christman, J. (ed.), The Inner Citadel (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 27.Google Scholar

Fennell, P. ‘Inscribing paternalism in the law: Consent to treatment and mental disorder’ (1990) 17 Journal of Law and Society29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fifoot, C. H. S.History and Sources of the Common Law (London: Stevens & Sons Ltd, 1949).Google Scholar

Foot, P.Virtues and Vices (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Foucault, M.The Birth of the Clinic (New York: Vintage Books, 1973).Google Scholar

Foucault, M. ‘Body/Power’, in Gordon, C. (ed.), Power/Knowledge (Brighton: The Harvester Press, 1980), p. 55.Google Scholar

Foucault, M. ‘Two lectures’, in Gordon, C. (ed.), Power/Knowledge (Brighton: The Harvester Press, 1980), p. 78.Google Scholar

Foucault, M.The Archaeology of Knowledge (London: Routledge, 1995).Google Scholar

Frankfurt, H. ‘What we are morally responsible for’, in Fischer, J. M. and Ravizza, M. (eds.), Perspectives on Moral Responsibility (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993), p. 286.Google Scholar

Frankfurt, H. ‘Freedom of the will and the concept of a person’, reprinted in Kane, R. (ed.), Free Will (Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers, 2002), p. 127.Google Scholar

Fuller, L. L.The Morality of Law, 2nd edn (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969).Google Scholar

Gadamer, H.-G.Truth and Method, 2nd edn (London: Sheed & Ward, 1975).Google Scholar

Gardiner, P. ‘A virtue ethics approach to moral dilemmas in medicine’ (2003) 29 Journal of Medical Ethics297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gardner, S. ‘Appreciating Olugboja’ (1996) 16 Legal Studies275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gaut, B. ‘The structure of practical reason’, in Cullity, G. and Gaut, B. (eds.), Ethics and Practical Reason (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), p. 161.Google Scholar

Gauthier, C. C. ‘Moral responsibility and respect for autonomy: Meeting the communitarian challenge’ (2000) 10 Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gauthier, C. C. ‘The virtue of moral responsibility in healthcare decisionmaking’ (2002) 11 Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gavaghan, C. ‘Anticipatory refusals and the action of “wrongful living” ’ (2000) 5 Medical Law International67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

,General Medical CouncilSeeking Patients’ Consent: The ethical considerations (London: GMC, 1999).Google Scholar

Giesen, D. ‘From paternalism to self-determination to shared decision making in the field of medical law and ethics’, in Westerhall, L. and Phillips, C. (eds.), Patient's Rights – Informed consent, access and equality (Stockholm: Nerenius & Santerus Publishers, 1994), p. 19.Google Scholar

Giesen, D. and Hayes, J. ‘The patient's right to know – A comparative view’ (1992) 21 Anglo-American Law Review101.Google Scholar

Gilbert, M. ‘Agreements, coercion, and obligation’ (1993) 103 Ethics679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gilberthorpe, J.Consent to Treatment (London: The Medical Defence Union, 1999).Google Scholar

Gillon, R.Philosophical Medical Ethics (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1985, 1992 Reprint).Google ScholarPubMed

Gillon, R. ‘Ethics needs principles – four can encompass the rest – and respect for autonomy should be “first among equals” ’ (2003) 29 Journal of Medical Ethics307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Glazebrook, P. R. ‘Assaults and their consequences’ (1986) The Cambridge Law Journal379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goodyear-Smith, F. and Buetow, S. ‘Power issues in the doctor-patient relationship’ (2001) 9 Health Care Analysis449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gordon, E. J. and Daugherty, C. K. ‘ “Hitting you over the head”: Oncologists’ disclosure of prognosis to advanced cancer patients’ (2003) 17 Bioethics142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gordon, R. and Barlow, C. ‘Competence and the right to die’ (1993) The New Law Journal1719.Google ScholarPubMed

Gostin, L. ‘Consent to treatment: The incapable person’, in Dyer, C. (ed.), Doctors, Patients and the Law (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992), p. 72.Google Scholar

Greenawalt, K. ‘The perplexing borders of justification and excuse’ (1984) 84 Columbia Law Review1897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greenawalt, K. ‘Legal enforcement of morality’, in Patterson, D. (ed.), A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), p. 475.Google Scholar

Gregg Bloche, M. and Quinn, K. P. ‘Professionalism and personhood’, in Thomasma, D. C., Weisstub, D. N. and Herve, C. (eds.), Personhood and Health Care (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001), p. 347.Google Scholar

Grice, H. P. ‘Logic and conversation’, in Hamish, R. M. (ed.), Basic Topics in the Philosophy of Language (New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994), p. 57.Google Scholar

Griffin, J. ‘Virtue ethics and environs’, in Paul, E. F., Miller, F. D. and Paul, J. (eds.), Virtue and Vice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 56.Google Scholar

Grisso, T. and Applebaum, P. S.Assessing Competence to Consent to Treatment (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Grubb, A. ‘Contraceptive advice and doctors – A law unto themselves’ (1988) 47 The Cambridge Law Journal12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grubb, A. ‘Medical negligence: Duty to disclose after Bolitho’ (1999) 7 Medical Law Review61.Google Scholar

Grubb, A. ‘Consent to treatment: The competent person’, in Grubb, A. and Laing, J. (eds.), Principles of Medical Law, 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 131.Google Scholar

Gunn, M. ‘The meaning of incapacity’ (1994) 2 Medical Law Review8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gunn, M. J., Wong, J. G., Clare, I. C. H. and Holland, A. J. ‘Decision-making capacity’ (1999) 7 Medical Law Review269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gupta, G. ‘Ethics, treatment and consent’ (1999) 12 Current Opinion in Psychiatry605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gutheil, T. G., Bursztajn, H. and Brodsky, A. ‘Malpractice prevention through the sharing of uncertainty: Informed consent and the therapeutic alliance’ (1984) 311 New England Journal of Medicine49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gylling, H. A. ‘Autonomy revisited’ (2004) 13 Cambridge Quarterly of HealthcareEthics 41.Google ScholarPubMed

Habiba, M. W. ‘Examining consent within the patient–doctor relationship’ (2000) 26 Journal of Medical Ethics183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hall, M. A. ‘Law, medicine and trust’ (2002) 55 Stanford Law Review463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hallenbeck, J. L. ‘What's the story – How patients make medical decisions’ (2002) 113 The American Journal of Medicine73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Halpin, A. ‘Concepts, terms, and fields of enquiry’ (1998) 4 Legal Theory187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Harrington, J. A. ‘Privileging the medical norm: Liberalism, self-determination and refusal of treatment’ (1996) 16 Legal Studies348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Harris, J. ‘Consent and end of life decisions’ (2003) 29 Journal of Medical Ethics10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Harris, J. and Keywood, K. ‘Ignorance, information and autonomy’ (2001) 22 Theoretical Medicine415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Harrison, K. and Bell, B. ‘Assaulting our common sense – The impact of DPP v K’ (1990) 53 Modern Law Review518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Haug, M. R. and Lavin, B. ‘Practitioner or patient – Who's in charge?’ (1981) 22 Journal of Health and Social Behavior212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Haworth, L.Autonomy: An essay in philosophical psychology and ethics (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hayry, H.The Limits of Medical Paternalism (London: Routledge, 1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hayry, M. ‘Prescribing cannabis: Freedom, autonomy and values’ (2004) 30 Journal of Medical Ethics333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Healy, J.Medical Negligence: Common law perspectives (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1999).Google Scholar

Hembroff, L. A., Holmes-Rovner, M. and Wills, C. E. ‘Treatment decision-making and the form of risk communication: Results of a factorial survey’ (2004) 4 BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Henry, M. S. ‘Uncertainty, responsibility, and the evolution of the physician/patient relationship’ (2006) 32 Journal of Medical Ethics321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hermeren, G. ‘Informed consent from an ethical point of view’, in Westerhall, L. and Phillips, C. (eds.), Patient's Rights – Informed consent, access and equality (Stockholm: Nerenius & Santerus Publishers, 1994), p. 39.Google Scholar

Heywood, R. ‘Excessive risk disclosure: The effects of the law on medical practice’ (2005) 7 Medical Law International9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Heywood, R. ‘Re-thinking the decision in Pearce’ (2005) Contemporary Issues in Law264.Google Scholar

Hill, T. ‘A lost chance for compensation in the tort of negligence by the House of Lords’ (1991) 54 Modern Law Review511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hirst, M. ‘Assault, battery and indirect violence’ (1999) Criminal Law Review557.Google Scholar

Honoré, T. ‘Responsibility and luck’ (1988) 104 Law Quarterly Review 530.

Honoré, T. ‘The dependence of morality on law’ (1993) 13 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Honoré, T. ‘The morality of tort law’, in Owen, D. G. (ed.), Philosophical Foundations of Tort Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), p. 73; reprinted in: Responsibility and Fault (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2002), p. 67.Google Scholar

Hoogland, J. and Jochemsen, H. ‘Professional autonomy and the normative structure of medical practice’ (2000) 21 Theoretical Medicine457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Horner, J. S. ‘Autonomy in the medical profession in the United Kingdom – An historical perspective’ (2000) 21 Theoretical Medicine409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Horton, R. ‘The context of consent’ (1994) 344 Lancet211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hughes, G. ‘Two views on consent in the criminal law’ (1963) 26 The Modern Law Review233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huntington, P. ‘Toward a dialectical concept of autonomy’ (1995) 21 Philosophy and Social Criticism37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hurd, H. M. ‘The moral magic of consent’ (1996) 2 Legal Theory121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hurka, T. ‘Why value autonomy?’ (1987) 13 Social Theory and Practice361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hurley, S. L.Justice, Luck, Knowledge (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Husak, D. N. ‘Paternalism and autonomy’ (1981) 10 Philosophy and Public Affairs27.Google Scholar

Ingelfinger, F. J. ‘Informed (but uneducated) consent’ (1972) 287 New England Journal of Medicine465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Irvine, D.The Doctors’ Tale: Professionalism and public trust (Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Irvine, D. ‘Good doctors: safer patients – the Chief Medical Officer's prescription for regulating doctors’ (2006) 99 Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine1.Google ScholarPubMed

Jackson, E. ‘ “Informed consent” to medical treatment and the impotence of tort’, in McLean, S. A. M. (ed.), First Do No Harm (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), p. 271.Google Scholar

Jackson, J.Truth, Trust and Medicine (London: Routledge, 2001).Google Scholar

Jacob, J. ‘Biomedical law: Lost horizons regained’ (1983) 46 The Modern Law Review21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jones, M. A. ‘Informed consent and other fairy stories’ (1999) 7 Medical Law Review103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kamenka, E. ‘What is justice?’, in Kamenka, E. and Erh-Soon Tay, A. (eds.), Justice (London: Edward Arnold, 1979), p. 1.Google Scholar

Kant, I. (ed. Politis, V.) Critique of Pure Reason (London: Everyman's Library, 1993).Google Scholar

Kant, I. (tr. Gregor, M.) Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kant, I. (tr. Gregor, M.) The Doctrine of Virtue: Part two of the metaphysics of morals (New York: Harper & Row, 1964).Google Scholar

Katz, J.The Silent World of Doctor and Patient (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984, 2002).Google Scholar

Kaufert, J. M. and O'Neil, J. D. ‘Biomedical rituals and informed consent: Native Canadians and the negotiation of clinical trust’, in Weisz, G. (ed.), Social Science Perspectives on Medical Ethics (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990), p. 41.Google Scholar

Kay, R. and Siriwardena, A. K. ‘The process of informed consent for urgent abdominal surgery’ (2001) 27 Journal of Medical Ethics157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kell, D. ‘Social disutility and the law of consent’ (1994) 14 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kelleher, D., Gabe, J. and Williams, G. ‘Understanding medical dominance in the modern world’, in Kelleher, D., Gabe, J. and Williams, G. (eds.), Challenging medicine (London: Routledge, 1994), p. xi.Google Scholar

Kelley, M. ‘Limits on patient responsibility’ (2005) 30 The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kennedy, I.Treat Me Right: Essays in medical law and ethics (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988).Google Scholar

Kennedy, I. ‘Consent to treatment: The capable person’, in Dyer, C. (ed.), Doctors, Patients and the Law (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992), p. 44.Google Scholar

Kennedy, I.Learning from Bristol: The report of the public inquiry into children's heart surgery at the Bristol Royal Infirmary 1984–1995, Cm 5207 (2001).

Kennett, J.Agency and Responsibility: A common-sense moral psychology (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001).Google Scholar

Keown, J. ‘The ashes of AIDS and the phoenix of informed consent’ (1989) 52 The Modern Law Review790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Keown, J. ‘Reining in the Bolam test’ (1998) 57 The Cambridge Law Journal248.Google Scholar

Kernohan, A. ‘Social power and human agency’ (1989) 86 The Journal of Philosophy712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kessel, A. S. ‘On failing to understand informed consent’ (1994) 52 British Journal of Hospital Medicine235.Google ScholarPubMed

Ketler, S. K. ‘The rebirth of informed consent: A cultural analysis of the informed consent doctrine after Schreiber v Physicians Insurance Co. of Wisconsin’ (2001) 95 Northwestern University Law Review1029.Google Scholar

Kligman, M. and Culver, C. M. ‘An analysis of interpersonal manipulation’ (1992) 17 The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Korsgaard, C. M. ‘Personal identity and the unity of agency: A Kantian response to Parfit’ (1989) 18 Philosophy and Public Affairs101.Google Scholar

Korsgaard, C. M. ‘The normativity of instrumental reason’, in Cullity, G. and Gaut, B. (eds.), Ethics and Practical Reason (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), p. 215.Google Scholar

Korsgaard, C. M. ‘Self-constitution in the ethics of Plato and Kant’ (1998) 3 The Journal of Ethics1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kraetschmer, N., Sharpe, N., Urowitz, S. and Deber, R. B. ‘How does trust affect patient preferences for participation in decision-making?’ (2004) 7 Health Expectations317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Krupat, E., Fancey, M. and Cleary, P. D. ‘Information and its impact on satisfaction among surgical patients’ (2000) 51 Social Science & Medicine1817.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kultgen, J.Autonomy and Intervention: Parentalism in the caring life (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).Google Scholar

Ladenson, R. F. ‘A theory of personal autonomy’ (1975) 86 Ethics30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

,The Law Commission Consultation Paper No. 134Consent and Offences Against the Person (London: HMSO, 1994).Google Scholar

,Law Commission Consultation Paper No. 135Consent in the Criminal Law (London: HMSO, 1995).Google Scholar

,The Law CommissionReport on Mental Incapacity No. 231 (London: HMSO, 1995).Google Scholar

,The Law Reform CommissionForeign State Immunity, Report No. 24 (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1984).Google Scholar

Lee, S. ‘Operating under informed consent’ (1985) 101 Law Quarterly Review316.Google Scholar

Lee, S. ‘A reversible decision on consent to sterilisation’ (1987) 103 Law Quarterly Review513.Google Scholar

Lee, S. ‘Towards a jurisprudence of consent’, in Eekelaar, J. and Bell, J. (eds.), Oxford Essays in Jurisprudence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 199.Google Scholar

Lehrer, K. ‘Freedom, preference and autonomy’ (1997) 1 The Journal of Ethics3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lehrer, K ‘Reason and autonomy’ (2003) 20 Social Philosophy and Policy177.Google Scholar

Leino-Kilpi, H., Valimaki, M., Arndt, M., Dassen, T., Gassull, M., Lemonidou, C., Scott, P. A., Bansemir, G., Cabrera, E., Papaevangelou, H. and McParland, J.Patient's Autonomy, Privacy and Informed Consent (Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2000).Google Scholar

Lelie, A. and Verweij, M. ‘Futility without a dichotomy: Towards an ideal physician–patient relationship’ (2003) 17 Bioethics21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Levi, B. H.Respecting Patient Autonomy (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1999).Google Scholar

Loewy, E. H.Moral Strangers, Moral Acquaintance, and Moral Friends: Connectedness and its conditions (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1997).Google Scholar

,The Lord ChancellorMaking Decisions: The government's proposals for making decisions on behalf of mentally incapacitated adults, Cm 4465 (1999).

Lunney, M. ‘What price a chance?’ (1995) 15 Legal Studies1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lysaught, M. T. ‘Respect: Or, how respect for persons became respect for autonomy’ (2004) 29 Journal of Medicine and Philosophy665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

MacDonald, C. ‘Clinical standards and the structure of professional obligation’ (1999) 8 Professional Ethics7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

MacDonald, C. ‘Relational professional autonomy’ (2002) 11 Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

MacIntyre, A. ‘Patients as agents’, in Spicker, S. and Engelhardt, H. T. (eds.), Philosophical Medical Ethics: Its nature and significance (Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1975), p. 197.Google Scholar

MacIntyre, A.After Virtue, 2nd edn (London: Duckworth, 1985).Google Scholar

Maclean, A. ‘Consent and the legal protection of autonomy’ (2000) 17 Journal of Applied Philosophy277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Maclean, A. ‘Beyond Bolam and Bolitho’ (2002) 5 Medical Law International205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Maclean, A. ‘Risk, consent and responsibility for outcome’ (2005) 14 Nottingham Law Journal57.Google Scholar

Maclean, A. ‘Magic, myths and fairytales: Consent and the relationship between law and ethics’, in Freeman, M. (ed.), Law and Bioethics, Current Legal Issues vol. 11 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008),Google Scholar

Maclean, A. R. ‘Distributing the burden of a blessing’ (2004) 1 Journal of Obligation and Remedies23.Google Scholar

Maclean, A. R. ‘The doctrine of informed consent: Does it exist and has it crossed the Atlantic?’ (2004) 24 Legal Studies386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Maclean, A. R. ‘Consent and sensibility’ (2005) 4 International Journal of Ethics31.Google Scholar

Maclean, A. R. ‘Giving the reasonable patient a voice: Information disclosure and empirical evidence’ (2005) 7 Medical Law International1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Maclean, A. R. ‘Advance directives and the rocky waters of anticipatory decision making’ (2008) 16 Medical Law Review 1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Makoul, G. ‘Essential elements of communication in medical encounters: The Kalamazoo consensus statement’ (2001) 76 Academic Medicine390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Malm, H. H. ‘The ontological status of consent and its implications for the law on rape’ (1996) 2 Legal Theory147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Manchester, A. H.Modern Legal History of England and Wales 1750–1950 (London: Butterworths, 1980).Google Scholar

Manson, N. C. and O'Neill, O.Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mappes, T. A. and Zembaty, J. S. ‘Biomedical ethics’, in Mappes, T. A. and Zembaty, J. S. (eds.), Biomedical Ethics, 3rd edn (New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1991), p. 1.Google Scholar

Marta, J. ‘Whose consent is it anyway? A poststructuralist framing of the person in medical decision-making’ (1998) 19 Theoretical Medicine353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mason, K. and Brodie, D. ‘Bolam, Bolam – wherefore art thou Bolam?’ (2005) 9 Edinburgh Law Review298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

May, T. ‘Assessing competency without judging merit’ (1998) 9 The Journal of Clinical Ethics247.Google ScholarPubMed

May, T. ‘Rights of conscience in health care’ (2001) 27 Social Theory and Practice111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mayberry, M. and Mayberry, J.Consent in Clinical Practice (Abingdon: Radcliffe Medical Press Ltd, 2003).Google Scholar

Mazur, D. J. ‘Information disclosure: How do patients understand and use the information they report they want?’ (2000) 20 Medical Decision Making132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McConnell, T.Inalienable Rights: The limits of consent in medicine and the law (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).Google Scholar

McCullough, L. B. ‘Trust, moral responsibility, the self, and well-ordered societies: The importance of basic philosophical concepts for clinical ethics’ (2002) 27 Journal of Medicine and Philosophy3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McGrath, P. ‘Autonomy, discourse, and power: A postmodern reflection on principalism and bioethics’ (1998) 23(5) Journal of Medicine and Philosophy516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McGregor, J. ‘Force, consent, and the reasonable woman’, in Coleman, J. L. and Buchanan, A. (eds.), In Harm's Way: Essays in honor of Joel Feinberg (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 231.Google Scholar

McGregor, J. ‘Why when she says no she doesn't mean maybe and doesn't mean yes: A critical reconstruction of consent, sex, and the law’ (1996) 2 Legal Theory175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McIlwain, J. C. ‘Clinincal risk management: Principles of consent and patient information’ (1998) 24 Clinical Otolaryngology & Allied Sciences255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McKay, A. C. ‘Supererogation and the profession of medicine’ (2002) 28 Journal of Medical Ethics70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McKinstry, B. ‘Do patients wish to be involved in decision making in the consultation? A cross sectional survey with video vignettes’ (2000) 321 British Medical Journal867.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McLean, S. and Maher, G.Medicine, Morals and the Law (Aldershot: Gower Publishing Co. Ltd, 1983).Google Scholar

McLean, S. A. M.A Patient's Right to Know: Information disclosure, the doctor and the law (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1989).Google Scholar

McLean, S. A. M. ‘Talking to patients: Information disclosure as “good” medical practice’, in Westerhall, L. and Phillips, C. (eds.), Patients’ Rights: Informed consent, access and equality (Stockholm: Nerenius & Santerus Publishers, 1994), p. 171.Google Scholar

Mechanic, D. ‘In my chosen doctor I trust’ (2004) 329 British Medical Journal1418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meisel, A. and Kuczewski, M. ‘Legal and ethical myths about informed consent’ (1996) 156 Archives of Internal Medicine2521.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Messer, N. G. ‘Professional–patient relationships and informed consent’ (2004) 80 Postgraduate Medical Journal277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Meyer, M. J. ‘Patients’ duties’ (1992) 17 The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Meyers, C. ‘Cruel choices: Autonomy and critical care decision-making’ (2004) 18 Bioethics104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Micah Hester, D. ‘Narrative as bioethics: The “fact” of social selves and the function of consensus’ (2002) 11 Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Micah Hester, D. ‘What must we mean by “community”? A processive account’ (2004) 25 Theoretical Medicine 423.Google Scholar

Mill, J. S. ‘On Liberty’ (1859), in Gray, J. (ed.), On Liberty and Other Essays (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Milsom, S. F. C. ‘Trespasses from Henry III to Edward III. Part I: General writs’ (1958) 74 Law Quarterly Review195.Google Scholar

Milsom, S. F. C. ‘Trespasses from Henry III to Edward III. Part III: More special writs and conclusions’ (1958) 74 Law Quarterly Review561.Google Scholar

Milsom, S. F. C.Historical Foundations of the Common Law, 2nd edn (London: Butterworths, 1981).Google Scholar

Miola, J. ‘Autonomy rued OK?’ (2006) 14 Medical Law Review108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Miola, J.Medical Ethics and Medical Law: A symbiotic relationship (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007).Google Scholar

Mitchell, J. ‘ABC of breast diseases: A fundamental problem of consent’ (1995) 310 British Medical Journal43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mold, M. S. A. (ed.) Select Cases of Trespass from the King's Courts 1307–1399, vol. 1 (London: Seldon Society, 1985).

Montgomery, J. ‘Power/Knowledge/Consent: Medical decisionmaking’ (1988) 51 The Modern Law Review245.Google Scholar

Montgomery, J. ‘Victims or threats?: The framing of HIV’ (1990) 12 The Liverpool Law Review25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Montgomery, J. ‘The role of law in raising standards of consent’, in Alderson, P. (ed.), Consent to Health Treatment and Research: Differing perspectives (London: The Social Science Research Unit, 1994), p. 35.Google Scholar

Montgomery, J. ‘Time for a paradigm shift? Medical law in transition’ (2000) 53 Current Legal Problems363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Montgomery, J.Health Care Law, 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2003).Google Scholar

Montrose, J. L. ‘Is negligence an ethical or a sociological concept?’ (1958) Modern Law Review259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Morgan, D.Issues in Medical Law and Ethics (London: Cavendish Publishing, 2001).Google Scholar

Mulcahy, L. ‘Threatening behaviour? The challenge posed by medical negligence claims’, in Freeman, M. and Lewis, A. (eds.), Law and Medicine, Current Legal Issues, vol. 3 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 81.Google Scholar

Murphy, G. L. and Medin, D. L. ‘The role of theories in conceptual coherence’ (1985) 92 Psychological Review289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Murphy, L. B. ‘Institutions and the demands of justice’ (1998) 27 Philosophy and Public Affairs251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murphy, P. ‘Are patients’ decisions to refuse treatment binding on health care professionals?’ (2005) 19 Bioethics189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Myles, P. S., Williams, D. L., Hendrata, M., Anderson, H. and Weeks, A. M. ‘Patient satisfaction after anaesthesia and surgery: Results of a prospective survey of 10,811 patients’ (2000) 84 British Journal of Anaesthesia6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nagel, T.Mortal Questions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979).Google Scholar

Nagel, T.The Last Word (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).Google Scholar

Nathan, N. M. L.The Concept of Justice (London: Macmillan Press, 1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

,National Audit OfficeHandling Clinical Negligence Claims in England (2001) HC 403 Session 2000–2001.

Neale, G. ‘Informed consent’ (2000) 46 Gut5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nedelsky, J. ‘Reconceiving autonomy: Sources, thoughts and possibilities’ (1989) 1 Yale Journal of Law and Feminism7.Google Scholar

Nessa, J. ‘Autonomy and dialogue: About the patient–doctor relationship’, in Thomasma, D. C., Weisstub, D. N. and Herve, C. (eds.), Personhood and Health Care (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001), p. 355.Google Scholar

Newdick, C. ‘The doctor's duties of care under Sidaway’ (1985) 36 Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly243.Google Scholar

Noggle, R. ‘The public conception of autonomy and critical self-reflection’ (1997) 35 The Southern Journal of Philosophy495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Oakley, J. ‘A virtue ethics approach’, in Kuhse, H. and Singer, P. (eds.), A Companion to Bioethics (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1998), p. 86.Google Scholar

Omerod, D. ‘Consent and offences against the person: Law Commission consultation paper no. 134’ (1994) 57 Modern Law Review929.Google Scholar

O'Neill, O.Towards Justice and Virtues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

O'Neill, O.Bounds of Justice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

O'Neill, O.Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ong, L. M. L., Haes, C. J. M., Hoos, A. M. and Lammes, F. B. ‘Doctor–patient communication: A review of the literature’ (1995) 49 Social Science and Medicine903.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Oshana, M. ‘How much should we value autonomy’ (2003) 20 Social Philosophy and Policy99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Osuch, J. R. ‘The power of the doctor, the vulnerability of the patient, and informed consent’ (2004) 61 Surgical Neurology494.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

The Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971).

Parfit, D.Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984).Google Scholar

Patel, V. L. and Kushniruk, A. W. ‘Understanding, navigating and communicating knowledge: Issues and challenges’ (1998) 37 Methods of Information in Medicine560.Google ScholarPubMed

Paul, E. F., Miller, F. D. and Paul, J. ‘Introduction’, in Paul, E. F., Miller, F. D. and Paul, J. (eds.), Virtue and Vice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. vii.Google Scholar

Pellegrino, E. D. ‘Patient and physician autonomy: Conflicting rights and obligations in the physician–patient relationship’ (1994) 10 Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy47.Google ScholarPubMed

Pellegrino, E. D. and Thomasma, D. C.The Virtues in Medical Practice (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).Google Scholar

Peters, E. and Challis, M. ‘Most doctors see consent from functionalist perspective’ (1999) 318 British Medical Journal735.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Philipp, E. E. and Johnson, E. S. ‘Considerations governing a doctor's advice to his patient’, in Dunstan, G. R. and Seller, M. J. (eds.), Consent in Medicine: Convergence and divergence in tradition (London: King Edward's Hospital Fund, 1983), p. 89.Google Scholar

Pollock, A. M.NHS plc: The privatisation of our health care (London: Verso, 2004).Google Scholar

Pollock, F. and Maitland, F. W.The History of English Law, vol. 2, 2nd edn (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1898).Google Scholar

Potter, H.An Historical Introduction to English Law and its Institutions, 3rd edn (London: Sweet & Maxwell Ltd, 1948).Google Scholar

Potter, S. J. and McKinlay, J. B. ‘From a relationship to encounter: An examination of longitudinal and lateral dimensions in the doctor-patient relationship’ (2005) 61 Social Science and Medicine465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

,The President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral ResearchMaking Health Care Decisions: The ethical and legal implications of informed consent in the patient–practitioner relationship, vol. one: Report (Washington D.C., 1982).Google Scholar

Prichard, M. J. ‘Trespass, case and the rule in Williams v Holland’ (1964) Cambridge Law Journal234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Provis, C. and Stack, S. ‘Caring work, personal obligation and collective responsibility’ (2004) 11 Nursing Ethics5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Putman, D. ‘Virtue and the practice of modern medicine’ (1988) 13 Journal of Medicine and Philosophy433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Quante, M. ‘Precedent autonomy and personal identity’ (1999) 9 Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Quill, T. E. and Brody, H. ‘Physician recommendations and patient autonomy: Finding a balance between physician power and patient choice’ (1996) 125 Annals of Internal Medicine763.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Quist, N. ‘The paradox of questions and answers: Possibilities for a doctor–patient relationship’ (2003) 14 The Journal of Clinical Ethics79.Google ScholarPubMed

Renton, D.The Preparation of Legislation: Report of a committee appointed by the Lord President of the Council, Cmnd 6053 (London: HMSO, 1975).Google Scholar

Reynolds, M. ‘No news is bad news: Patients’ views about communication in hospital’ (1978) 1 British Medical Journal1673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rhoden, N. K. ‘The judge in the delivery room: The emergence of court-ordered cesareans’ (1986) 74 California Law Review1951.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rhodes, R. ‘Understanding the trusted doctor and constructing a theory of bioethics’ (2001) 22 Theoretical Medicine493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rich, B. A. ‘Personhood, patienthood, and clinical practice: Reassessing advance directives’ (1998) 4 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Richards, D. A. J. ‘Rights and autonomy’ (1981) 92 Ethics3.Google Scholar

Richman, K. A.Ethics and the Metaphysics of Medicine: Reflections on health and beneficence (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2004).Google Scholar

Roberts, E. ‘Re C and the boundaries of autonomy’ (1994) 10 Professional Negligence98.Google Scholar

Roberts, P. ‘Consent to injury: How far can you go?’ (1997) 113 The Law Quarterly Review27.Google Scholar

Robertson, G. ‘Informed consent to medical treatment’ (1981) 97 Law Quarterly Review102.Google ScholarPubMed

Robertson, G. ‘Informed consent ten years later: The impact of Reibl v Hughes’ (1991) 70 The Canadian Bar Review423.Google ScholarPubMed

,Robyn Kennedy & Co. Pty LtdNational Community Housing Forum: A regulatory framework for community housing in Australia, vol. 2: Regulatory options. Final report (2001).

Rodgers, B. L. ‘Concepts, analysis and the development of nursing knowledge: The evolutionary cycle’ (1989) 14 Journal of Advanced Nursing 330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rogers, W. A. ‘Is there a moral duty for doctors to trust patients?’ (2002) 28 Journal of Medical Ethics77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rössler, B. ‘Problems with autonomy’ (2002) 17 Hypatia143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roter, D. ‘The medical visit context of treatment decision-making and the therapeutic relationship’ (2000) 3 Health Expectations17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Roth, L. H., Meisel, A. and Lidz, C. W. ‘Tests of competency to consent to treatment’ (1977) 134 American Journal of Psychiatry279.Google ScholarPubMed

Rothman, D. J. ‘The origins and consequences of patient autonomy: A 25-year retrospective’ (2001) 9 Health Care Analysis255–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rudinow, J. ‘Manipulation’ (1978) 88 Ethics338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ryan, A. ‘Introduction’, in Ryan, A. (ed.), Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 1.Google Scholar

Salmon, P. and Hall, G. M. ‘Patient empowerment or the emperor's new clothes’ (2004) 97 Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sandel, M. J.Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, 2nd edn (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sandin, R. H., Enlund, G., Samuelsson, P. and Lennmarken, C. ‘Awareness during anaesthesia: A prospective case study’ (2000) 355 Lancet707.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sang, B. ‘Choice, participation and accountability: Assessing the potential impact of legislation promoting patient and public involvement in health in the UK’ (2004) 7 Health Expectations187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Savulescu, J. ‘Rational non-interventional paternalism: Why doctors ought to make judgments of what is best for their patients’ (1995) 21 Journal of Medical Ethics327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Scheffler, S. ‘Relationships and responsibilities’ (1997) 26 Philosophy and Public Affairs189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schneider, C. and Farrell, M. ‘The limits of informed consent’, in Freeman, M. and Lewis, A. (eds.), Law and Medicine, Current Legal Issues, vol. 3 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 107.Google Scholar

Schneider, C. E.The Practice of Autonomy: Patients, doctors, and medical decisions (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Schuck, P. H. ‘Informed consent in the US: Perspectives from tort law’, in Westerhall, L. and Phillips, C. (eds.), Patient's Rights: Informed consent, access and equality (Stockholm: Nerenius & Santerus Publishers, 1994), p. 383.Google Scholar

Scoccia, D. ‘Paternalism and autonomy’ (1990) 100 Ethics318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scott, R.Rights, Duties and the Body: Law and ethics of the maternal-fetal conflict (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2002).Google Scholar

Scott, W. ‘Bolam and Bolitho: A new standard of care for doctors?’ (1998) 148 New Law Journal64.Google Scholar

Seabourne, G. ‘The role of the tort of battery on medical law’ (1995) 24 Anglo-American Law Review265.Google Scholar

Secker, B. ‘The appearance of Kant's deontology in contemporary Kantianism: Concepts of patient autonomy in bioethics’ (1999) 24 Journal of Medicine and Philosophy43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Seeman, M. and Seeman, T. E. ‘Health behavior and personal autonomy: A longitudinal study of the sense of control in illness’ (1983) 24 Journal of Health and Social Behavior144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sher, G. ‘Ethics, character and action’, in Paul, E. F., Miller, F. D. and Paul, J. (eds.), Virtue and Vice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 1.Google Scholar

Sherwin, E. ‘Infelicitous sex’ (1996) 2 Legal Theory209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sillender, M. ‘Can patients be sure they are fully informed when representatives of surgical equipment manufacturers attend their operations?’ (2006) 32 Journal of Medical Ethics395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Simester, A. P. and Sullivan, G. R.Criminal Law: Theory and doctrine (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2000).Google Scholar

Skegg, P. D. G. ‘English medical law and “informed consent”: An antipodean assessment and alternative’ (1999) 7 Medical Law Review135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Slote, M. ‘The justice of caring’, in Paul, E. F., Miller, F. D. and Paul, J. (eds.), Virtue and Vice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 171.Google Scholar

Slote, M. A. ‘Desert, consent, and justice’ (1973) 4 Philosophy and Public Affairs323.Google Scholar

Smith, D. G. and Newton, L. H. ‘Physician and patient’ (1984) 5 Theoretical Medicine43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Smith, D. H. and Pettegrew, L. S. ‘Mutual persuasion as a model for doctor–patient communication’ (1986) 7 Theoretical Medicine127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Smith, J.The 5th Shipman Report, Safeguarding Patients: Lessons from the past – proposals for the future, Cm 6394 (2004).

Smith, J. C.Justification and Excuse in the Criminal Law (London: Stevens & Sons, 1989).Google Scholar

Smith, R. ‘GMC under the cosh’ (1998) 316 British Medical Journal945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Smith, R. ‘GMC: Expediency before principle’ (2005) 330 British Medical Journal1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Somerville, M. A. ‘Structuring the issues in informed consent’ (1981) 26 McGill Law Journal740.Google ScholarPubMed

Speeding, E. J. and Rose, D. N. ‘Building an effective doctor–patient relationship: From patient satisfaction to patient participation’ (1985) 21 Social Science and Medicine115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stauch, M. ‘Causation, risk, and loss of chance in medical negligence’ (1997) 17 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stirrat, G. M. and Gill, R. ‘Autonomy in medical ethics after O'Neill’ (2005) 31 Journal of Medical Ethics127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Stone, J. ‘Justice not equality’, in Kamenka, E. and Erh-Soon Tay, A. (eds.), Justice (London: Edward Arnold, 1979), p. 97.Google Scholar

Strong, P. M. ‘Sociological imperialism and the profession of medicine: A critical examination of the thesis of medical imperialism’ (1979) 13A Social Science and Medicine199.Google ScholarPubMed

Szasz, T.The Theology of Medicine (New York: Syracuse University Press, 1988).Google Scholar

Takala, T. ‘Concepts of “person” and “liberty”, and their implications to our fading notions of autonomy’ (2007) 33 Journal of Medical Ethics225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tauber, A. I. ‘Historical and philosophical reflections on patient autonomy’ (2001) 9 Health Care Analysis299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Tauber, A. I. ‘Sick autonomy’ (2003) 46 Perspectives in Biology and Medicine484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Tauber, A. I.Patient Autonomy and the Ethics of Responsibility (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Taylor, J. S. ‘Autonomy and informed consent: A much misunderstood relationship’ (2004) 38 The Journal of Value Inquiry383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Teff, H. ‘Consent to medical procedures: Paternalism, self-determination or therapeutic alliance’ (1985) 101 The Law Quarterly Review432.Google ScholarPubMed

Teff, H.Reasonable Care (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994).

Teff, H. ‘The standard of care in medical negligence: Moving on from Bolam?’ (1998) 18 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thompson, P. ‘Home birth: Consumer choice and restriction of physician autonomy’ (1987) 6 Journal of Business Ethics481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

,Thorpe, Lord Justice, ‘The caesarean section debate’ (1997) Family Law663.Google Scholar

Tomlinson, T. ‘The physician's influence on patients’ choices’ (1986) 7 Theoretical Medicine105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Trinidade, F. A. ‘Intentional torts: Some thoughts on assault and battery’ (1982) 2 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tsanoff, R. A. ‘Social morality and the principle of justice’ (1956) 67Ethics12.Google Scholar

Ulrich, L. P.The Patient Self-Determination Act: Meeting the challenges in patient care (Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1999).Google Scholar

Usher, K. J. and Arthur, D. ‘Process consent: A model for enhancing informed consent in mental health nursing’ (1998) 27 Journal of Advanced Nursing692.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Valimaki, M., Leino-Kilpi, H., Gronroos, M., Dassen, T., Gasull, M., Lemonidou, C., Scott, P. A. and Sr. Benedicta, M. ‘Self-determination in surgical patients in five European countries’ (2004) 34 Journal of Nursing Scholarship305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Varelius, J. ‘Autonomy, subject-relativity, and subjective and objective theories of well-being in bioethics’ (2003) 24 Theoretical Medicine363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Veatch, R. M. ‘Models for ethical medicine in a revolutionary age’ (June 1972) 2 Hastings Center Report5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Veatch, R. M. ‘Doctor does not know best: Why in the new century physicians must stop trying to benefit patients’ (2000) 25 Journal of Medicine and Philosophy701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Waldron, J. ‘Vagueness in law and language: Some philosophical issues’ (1994) 82 California Law Review509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Waller, B. M. ‘The psychological structure of patient autonomy’ (2002) 11 Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Walton, D. N. ‘What is reasoning? What is an argument?’ (1990) 87The Journal of Philosophy399.Google Scholar

Waltz, J. R. and Scheuneman, T. W. ‘Informed consent to therapy’ (1970) 64 NWUL Rev. 628.

Warren, M. A. ‘On the moral and legal status of abortion’, in Gruen, L. and Panichas, G. E. (eds.), Sex, Morality and the Law (London: Routledge, 1997), p. 302.Google Scholar

Wear, S. ‘Patient autonomy, paternalism, and the conscientious physician’ (1983) 4 Theoretical Medicine253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wear, S.Informed Consent: Patient autonomy and clinician beneficence within health care, 2nd edn (Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Werner, A. and Malterud, K. ‘It is hard work behaving as a credible patient: Encounters between women with chronic pain and their doctors’ (2003) 57Social Science and Medicine 1409.Google ScholarPubMed

Wertheimer, A. ‘Consent and sexual relations’ (1996) 2 Legal Theory, 89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wertheimer, A. ‘What is consent? And is it important?’ (2000) 3 Buffalo Criminal Law Review557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

West, R. ‘A comment on consent, sex, and rape’ (1996) 2 Legal Theory233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

White, S. M. ‘Consent for anaesthesia’ (2003) 30 Journal of Medical Ethics286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Whitney, S. ‘A new model of medical decisions: Exploring the limits of shared decision making’ (2003) 23 Medical Decision Making275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wicclair, M. R. ‘Patient decision-making capacity and risk’ (1991) 5 Bioethics91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wicclair, M.R ‘The continuing debate over risk-related standards of competence’ (1999) 13 Bioethics149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wilks, I. ‘Asymmetrical competence’ (1999) 13 Bioethics154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Williams, B.Moral Luck (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Williams, G. ‘Consent and public policy’ (1962) Criminal Law Review74.Google Scholar

Williams, G. ‘The logic of exceptions’ (1988) 47 Cambridge Law Journal261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Williams, G. and Hepple, B. A.Foundations of the Law of Tort, 2nd edn (London: Butterworths, 1984).Google Scholar

Williams, G. C., Rodin, G. C., Ryan, R. M., Grolnick, W. S. and Deci, E. L. ‘Autonomous regulation and long-term medication adherence in adult outpatients’ (1998) 17 Health Psychology269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Williams, G. L. ‘The foundations of tortious liability’ (1939) 7 Cambridge Law Journal111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Williams, K. ‘Pre-operative consent and medical negligence’ (1985) 15 Anglo-American Law Review169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Williams, K. ‘Comprehending disclosure: Must patients understand the risks they run?’ (2000) 4 Medical Law International97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wilson, J. ‘Is respect for autonomy defensible?’ (2007) 33 Journal of Medical Ethics353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Winick, B. J. ‘Competency to consent to treatment: The distinction between assent and objection’, in Wexler, D. B. and Winick, B. J. (eds.), Essays in Therapeutic Jurisprudence (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 1991), p. 41.Google Scholar

Wolf, S. ‘Sanity and the metaphysics of responsibility’, in Schoeman, F. (ed.), Responsibility, Character and the Emotions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), p. 46.Google Scholar

Wolf, S. ‘The importance of free will’, in Fischer, J. M. and Ravizza, M. (eds.), Perspectives on Moral Responsibility (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993), p. 101.Google Scholar

Woolf, Lord ‘Are the courts excessively deferential to the medical profession?’ (2001) 9 Medical Law Review1.Google ScholarPubMed

,Working Group on Hate Crime, Consultation Paper (Edinburgh: Scottish Executive, 2004).Google Scholar

Worthington, R. ‘Clinical issues on consent: Some philosophical concerns’ (2002) 28 Journal of Medical Ethics377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Worthington, R. ‘Ethical dichotomies and methods of seeking consent’ (2004) 59 Anaesthesia525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wright, M. ‘Medical treatment: The right to refuse’ (1993) Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law204.Google Scholar

Young, P. W.The Law of Consent (North Ryde, NSW: The Law Book Company Ltd, 1986).Google Scholar

Young, R. ‘Autonomy and the “inner self” ’, in Christman, J. (ed.), The Inner Citadel (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 77.Google Scholar