Has copyright law in the United States ever aided discrimination on the basis of race, or exploitation of or prejudice against racial minorities? Copyright legislation in the United States has never explicitly incorporated racial categories. No federal or state copyright statute has ever withheld copyright protection from authors of a particular race, or imposed different fees on authors or owners of different races, or otherwise explicitly used racial categories. Neither, as far as I know, has any judicial decision concerning copyright law ever explicitly discriminated against a racial minority.